Objectives:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of adalimumab (ADA) biosimilar in the treatment of Crohn′s disease (CD) .Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted. The patients with CD treated with ADA biosimilar in the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from January 2019 to March 2022 with complete data were enrolled. The disease activity of patients at baseline was evaluated by Harvey-Bradshaw index (HBI) . The patients were divided into active group and remission group according to the activity. The primary endpoints were clinical response rate and remission rate at the 12th week in patients with active CD. The secondary endpoints included the clinical response rate and the remission rate in patients with active CD at the 26th week, maintenance remission rate at the 12th and the 26th weeks in patients with remission CD, and safety report.Results:Forty-eight patients were included. There were 20 patients whose HBI was 7 (6, 8) points in active group and 28 whose HBI was 3 (2, 4) points in remission group. In patients with active CD, the clinical response rate was 70.0% (14/20) and clinical remission rate was 60.0% (12/20) at the 12th week. The clinical response rate and clinical remission rate were both 61.5% (8/13) at the 26th week. The maintain remission rate of patients with remission CD was 96.4% (27/28) and 92.3% (12/13) at the 12th and the 26th weeks respectively. During the follow-up period, adverse reactions occurred in 2 patients (4.2%) and no serious adverse reaction was found.Conclusion:ADA biosimilar has good efficacy and safety in short-term induction and maintenance of clinical remission in Chinese patients with mild to moderate active CD.

Objective:To investigate the effect of exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) on plasma amino acid levels in patients with Crohn′s disease (CD) .Methods:Adult patients with moderate to severe active CD in the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from December 1, 2020 to December 31, 2021 were prospectively recruited. All the participants received nasogastric EEN monotherapy for 8 weeks. Patients were divided into clinical response group and non-response group according to CD activity index (CDAI). Clinical data were collected from all the participants before and after EEN. Targeted metabolomics was used to detect and analyze the changes of 25 amino acids levels in plasma in CD patients before and after EEN, as well as the differences between response group and non-response group.Results:Thirteen patients were included in the study. The clinical remission rate reached 69.2% (9/13) after 8 weeks of EEN treatment. Compared with pre-treatment, the plasma levels of tryptophan, threonine, alanine, proline and cysteine in CD patients were significantly higher after EEN treatment. At week 8 after EEN, tryptophan metabolites including indole acetic acid and indole acetamide were significantly lower in patients with clinical remission compared to patients without remission. Correlation analysis showed the plasma levels of tryptophan was negatively correlated with CDAI and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and the level of kynurenine was negatively correlated with ESR.Conclusion:EEN therapy is an effective way to induce clinical remission in active CD patients. After EEN, plasma levels of tryptophan, threonine, alanine, proline and cysteine are significantly increased. Tryptophan and cysteine metabolisms may be the key pathways leading to the efficacy of EEN treatment.

Objectives:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of adalimumab (ADA) biosimilar in the treatment of Crohn′s disease (CD) .Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted. The patients with CD treated with ADA biosimilar in the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from January 2019 to March 2022 with complete data were enrolled. The disease activity of patients at baseline was evaluated by Harvey-Bradshaw index (HBI) . The patients were divided into active group and remission group according to the activity. The primary endpoints were clinical response rate and remission rate at the 12th week in patients with active CD. The secondary endpoints included the clinical response rate and the remission rate in patients with active CD at the 26th week, maintenance remission rate at the 12th and the 26th weeks in patients with remission CD, and safety report.Results:Forty-eight patients were included. There were 20 patients whose HBI was 7 (6, 8) points in active group and 28 whose HBI was 3 (2, 4) points in remission group. In patients with active CD, the clinical response rate was 70.0% (14/20) and clinical remission rate was 60.0% (12/20) at the 12th week. The clinical response rate and clinical remission rate were both 61.5% (8/13) at the 26th week. The maintain remission rate of patients with remission CD was 96.4% (27/28) and 92.3% (12/13) at the 12th and the 26th weeks respectively. During the follow-up period, adverse reactions occurred in 2 patients (4.2%) and no serious adverse reaction was found.Conclusion:ADA biosimilar has good efficacy and safety in short-term induction and maintenance of clinical remission in Chinese patients with mild to moderate active CD.

Objective:To investigate the effect of exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) on plasma amino acid levels in patients with Crohn′s disease (CD) .Methods:Adult patients with moderate to severe active CD in the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from December 1, 2020 to December 31, 2021 were prospectively recruited. All the participants received nasogastric EEN monotherapy for 8 weeks. Patients were divided into clinical response group and non-response group according to CD activity index (CDAI). Clinical data were collected from all the participants before and after EEN. Targeted metabolomics was used to detect and analyze the changes of 25 amino acids levels in plasma in CD patients before and after EEN, as well as the differences between response group and non-response group.Results:Thirteen patients were included in the study. The clinical remission rate reached 69.2% (9/13) after 8 weeks of EEN treatment. Compared with pre-treatment, the plasma levels of tryptophan, threonine, alanine, proline and cysteine in CD patients were significantly higher after EEN treatment. At week 8 after EEN, tryptophan metabolites including indole acetic acid and indole acetamide were significantly lower in patients with clinical remission compared to patients without remission. Correlation analysis showed the plasma levels of tryptophan was negatively correlated with CDAI and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and the level of kynurenine was negatively correlated with ESR.Conclusion:EEN therapy is an effective way to induce clinical remission in active CD patients. After EEN, plasma levels of tryptophan, threonine, alanine, proline and cysteine are significantly increased. Tryptophan and cysteine metabolisms may be the key pathways leading to the efficacy of EEN treatment.

Objective:This study aimed to observe the differences of tooth inclinations among post treatment good cases of different malocclusions and untreated normal occlusions in order to give references on clinical adjusting of tooth inclinations. Methods:157 post treatment good cases were chosen and tooth inclinations were measured on post treatment casts using YM 2115 three dimensional measurement instrument. The measurement results were compared with those of untreated normal occlusions. Results:The inclination values of upper and lower incisors of Class Ⅰ groups are most close to those of untreated normal occlusions, which of upper central and lateral incisors are 9.6? and 8.7?, and of lower central and lateral incisors are 1.1? and-1.1?. In Class Ⅱ groups, lower incisors are markedly proclined (5.6? and 2.1?) and upper incisors are similar with untreated normal occlusions. In Class Ⅲ groups, upper incisors are markedly proclined (15.2? and 12.1?) and lower incisors are markedly retroclined (-3.7? and-4.9?). Conclusion:In order to achieve normal overjet and overbite, it is necessary to adjust the inclinations of upper and lower incisors when treated Class Ⅱ and Class Ⅲ malocclusions only by the method of orthodontic treatment.

40? or 40?)comprised 10 cases and the hypodivergent group (MP-SN

Objective: To investigate dentoalveolar compensation for vertical craniofacial pattern after orthodontic treatment. Methods:157 post-treatment cases with normal incisor relationships and various vertical craniofacial patterns were studied. Computerized post-treatment cephalometric analysis was performed to evaluate vertical craniofacial pattern and dentoalveolar parameters. Incisor torques were measured from study models. Correlation analysis was performed between skeletal and dental measurements.Results:①There was negative correlation between post-treatment upper central incisor torque and MP-SN angle(P