Peripheral nerve injury(PNI)is a common neurological disorder.As the primary constituent cells of the myelin sheath,Schwann cells(SCs)play a crucial role in the repairment process after PNI.After PNI,the SCs are activated and rapidly migrate to the injury site,forming a neural bridge that connects the proximal and distal stumps in conjunction with the endothelial cells,the extracellular matrix(ECM),and the fibroblasts.This bridge provides a pathway for axonal regrowth and guides axonal regeneration.The ability of SCs to migrate quickly to the damaged nerve site is a key factor influencing the formation of the neural bridge.The ECM,NT,non-coding RNAs,particularly long non-coding RNAs(lncRNA)and microRNA(miRNA),and various transcription factors regulate the migratory capacity of the SCs through multiple signaling pathways,thereby affecting the repair of PNI.However,to date,there has been no systematic study on the factors influencing the migration of SCs in PNI or their underlying mechanisms.This article comprehensively reviews the various factors affecting the migration of SCs after PNI,including the ECM,NT,non-coding RNAs,and transcription factors,as well as the related signaling pathways.It aims to provide the basis for systematically understanding the role of SCs in PNI repairment and to offer the reference for comprehensive analysis of the repairment mechanisms after PNI.

Objective To explore the predictive value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS)pa-rameters combined with blood lipids in evaluating vulnerable carotid plaques in patients with is-chemic stroke.Methods A prospective trial was conducted on 120 patients diagnosed with vulner-able carotid plaques in our hospital from January 2023 to May 2024.According to having ischemic stroke or not,60 of them were assigned into ischemic stroke(study group),and the other 60 into control group.Routine ultrasound,CEUS and blood lipid examinations were performed respective-ly in the two groups.The unstable plaque integral ratio,maximum plaque length,maximum plaque thickness,ulceration plaque,area stenosis,peak velocity at stenosis,resistance index and blood lipid levels between the study group and the control group and in the study group with different blood flow grades were analyzed.ROC curve analysis was used to calculate the AUC value.Results There were statistical differences between the study group and the control group in terms of unstable plaque integral ratio,maximum plaque length,maximum plaque thickness,ulceration plaque,area stenosis,peak velocity at stenosis,resistance index and blood flow characteristics(P＜0.01).The study group had significantly higher TC,TG and LDL levels and lower HDL level than the control group(P＜0.01).Obvious differences were observed in unstable plaque integral ratio,maximum plaque length,maximum plaque thickness,ulceration plaque,area stenosis,peak velocity at stenosis and resistance index among the patients from the study group with different blood flow grades(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),so were their TC,TG,LDL and TG levels in them(P＜0.01).For above these patients,the TC,TG and LDL levels were gradually decreased,while that of HDL was increased in turn in the patients with blood flow grades Ⅲ,Ⅱ to Ⅰ(P＜0.01).The blood flow grade was positively correlated with TC,TG and LDL levels(r=0.456,r=0.652,r=0.362,P=0.000),while negatively with HDL level(r=-0.256,P=0.000).ROC curve analysis showed that the AUC value of the combination in the diagnosis was significantly higher than that detected by single detection.Cutoff analysis suggested that CEUS blood flow grade of over Ⅱ,and TC of 5.22 mmol/L,TG of 2.33 mmol/L,LDL of 2.78 mmol/L,and HDL of 0.82 mmol/L were the cutoff values in diagnosing vulnerable carotid plaque for ischemic stroke patients.Conclusion High grade of CEUS blood flow combined with abnormal blood lipid levels may serve as predic-tive indicators for ischemic stroke patients.

Objective To explore the predictive value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS)pa-rameters combined with blood lipids in evaluating vulnerable carotid plaques in patients with is-chemic stroke.Methods A prospective trial was conducted on 120 patients diagnosed with vulner-able carotid plaques in our hospital from January 2023 to May 2024.According to having ischemic stroke or not,60 of them were assigned into ischemic stroke(study group),and the other 60 into control group.Routine ultrasound,CEUS and blood lipid examinations were performed respective-ly in the two groups.The unstable plaque integral ratio,maximum plaque length,maximum plaque thickness,ulceration plaque,area stenosis,peak velocity at stenosis,resistance index and blood lipid levels between the study group and the control group and in the study group with different blood flow grades were analyzed.ROC curve analysis was used to calculate the AUC value.Results There were statistical differences between the study group and the control group in terms of unstable plaque integral ratio,maximum plaque length,maximum plaque thickness,ulceration plaque,area stenosis,peak velocity at stenosis,resistance index and blood flow characteristics(P＜0.01).The study group had significantly higher TC,TG and LDL levels and lower HDL level than the control group(P＜0.01).Obvious differences were observed in unstable plaque integral ratio,maximum plaque length,maximum plaque thickness,ulceration plaque,area stenosis,peak velocity at stenosis and resistance index among the patients from the study group with different blood flow grades(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),so were their TC,TG,LDL and TG levels in them(P＜0.01).For above these patients,the TC,TG and LDL levels were gradually decreased,while that of HDL was increased in turn in the patients with blood flow grades Ⅲ,Ⅱ to Ⅰ(P＜0.01).The blood flow grade was positively correlated with TC,TG and LDL levels(r=0.456,r=0.652,r=0.362,P=0.000),while negatively with HDL level(r=-0.256,P=0.000).ROC curve analysis showed that the AUC value of the combination in the diagnosis was significantly higher than that detected by single detection.Cutoff analysis suggested that CEUS blood flow grade of over Ⅱ,and TC of 5.22 mmol/L,TG of 2.33 mmol/L,LDL of 2.78 mmol/L,and HDL of 0.82 mmol/L were the cutoff values in diagnosing vulnerable carotid plaque for ischemic stroke patients.Conclusion High grade of CEUS blood flow combined with abnormal blood lipid levels may serve as predic-tive indicators for ischemic stroke patients.

ObjectiveTo analyze and sum up the medication rule and the core prescription of Professor LIU Minru in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome （intracellular lipid membrane congestion syndrome）and explore the effect mechanism underlying the medication. MethodTwo platforms were used to carry out data mining to analyze the characteristics and rules of Professor LIU's prescriptions for the treatment of this disease. Network pharmacology was used to further clarify active ingredients in the core prescription，and a traditional Chinese medicine-active ingredient-target network was constructed，with the potential mechanism of action analyzed. ResultA total of 321 prescriptions were included in the medical records，involving 178 Chinese medicinals and 28 kinds of formula granules.The Chinese medicinals mainly act on the liver and kidney meridians， whose main tastes were sweetness，pungency，and bitterness and properties were mainly warm，mild，and slightly cold.Commonly used medicine pairs include Dioscoreae Rhizoma-Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata，Chuanxiong Rhizoma-Angelicae Sinensis Radix，Bupleuri Radix-Aurantii Fructus，and Gleditsiae Spina-Curcumae Rhizoma.The commonly used formulas are Xuefu Zhuyutang，Siwugang，Yangjing Zhongyutang，etc. The core prescription is composed of 12 Chinese medicinals such as angelica，white peony，saponaria thorn，and epimedium，containing 74 active ingredients，including quercetin，luteolin，kaempferol，fisetin，and β-sitosterol.A total of 37 key targets were found，involving phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt），mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK），Janus protein tyrosine kinase （JAK）/signal transduction and activator of transcription （STAT），and other signaling pathways. ConclusionThe pathogenesis of this disease is complex.Professor LIU adheres to the pathogenesis of "kidney deficiency as the root cause，and phlegm retention as the symptom". Under the guidance of the academic ideology of "kidney Qi as the root，and protecting Yin as the foundation" and "nurturing Yin to support Yang"，she takes into account Yin and Yang in kidney tonic，replenishes and consolidates the essence and blood，and relieves manifestations by dissipating mass， activating blood， and regulating Qi. She has a rigorous thinking in formulating prescriptions. The core prescription has the characteristics of comprehensive regulation by multiple components at multiple targets in multiple pathways.

Objective:To investigate the application value of phase contrast MR angiography (PC MRA) in quantitative assessment for the hemodynamic features of functional posterior communicating artery (F-PCoA) in the patients with posterior circulation ischemia (PCI).Methods:Data of PC MRA in our Hospital from April 2015 to March 2017 were collected retrospectively. Twenty-six patients (PCI group) were diagnosed as PCI with F-PCoA, and other 25 patients were defined as non-PCI group including 10 patients with F-PCoA (non-PCI group 1) and 15 patients without F-PCoA (non-PCI group 2). The cross-sectional area, mean flux, mean velocity, minimum flux, maximum flux, minimum velocity, and maximum velocity were recorded, and the peak height of flux (maximum flux-minimum flux) and peak height of velocity (maximum velocity - minimum velocity) of basilar artery (BA) were calculated. The subtype, cross-sectional area, mean flux, mean velocity, blood flow direction, and absolute flux of F-PCoA in anterior-posterior direction(sum of both sides)were recorded and analyzed statistically.Results:The F-PCoA of 36 cases in PCI group and non-PCI group 1 were divided into three types: type A: the F-PCoA was consistent with anatomical posterior communicating artery (A-PCoA), accounting for 83.3%(30/36 cases); type B: the F-PCoA was not consistent with A-PCoA, accounting for 13.9%(5/36 cases);and type C: a mixed type with the F-PCoA was consistent with A-PCoA in only one side, accounting for 2.8%(1/36 cases). There were no significant differences in the composition of F-PCoA subtype (χ 2=0.609, P=0.737) and the absolute flux of F-PCoA in anterior-posterior direction( t=-0.576, P=0.568) between PCI group and non PCI group 1. It could be unidirectional or bidirectional blood flow forasingle F-PCoA during a cardiac cycle. The blood flow direction of bilateral F-PCoA was similar or not in one single case. The obviously main wave peak of the absolute flux curve of F-PCoA in anterior-posterior direction in PCI group were observed. There was a significant difference in the cross-sectional area of BA between non PCI group 1 and 2( t=-2.856, P=0.009), however no significant differences were found in the genders, mean flux, mean velocity, minimum flux, maximum flux, peak height of flux, minimum velocity, maximum velocity, and peak height of velocity of BA. Conclusions:PC MRA can be used to quantificationally assess the hemodynamic characteristics of F-PCoA such as flow direction, velocity and flux direction, absolute flux in anterior-posterior direction and morphological changes of F-PCoA, which may provide more information for the PCI diagnosis and treatment.

Objective:To analyze the effects of various factors on the clinical outcome of artificial insemination with donor sperm (AID) under natural cycles.Methods:A total of 16 458 natural cycles with donor sperm were analyzed from January 2011 to December 2018 in Reproductive Center of Guangdong Province Family Planning Science and Technology Research Institute. The relationship between the clinical outcome and the factors such as the women's character, donor sperm quality and cycle related factors with χ 2 and multiple factor generalized estimating equation. Results:Many factors such as women's age ≤ 30 years ( OR=1.865, P<0.001), the woman's age from 31 to 35 years ( OR=1.215, P<0.001), duration of infertility≤5 ( OR=1.139, P=0.007), day 3 luteining hormone (LH) level>8.10 IU/L ( OR=1.309, P=0.022), day 3 estrogen level≤77.10 pmol/L ( OR=1.301, P=0.012), day 3 estrogen level from 77.11 pmol/L to 293.60 pmol/L ( OR=1.099, P=0.044), one dominant follicle per cycle ( OR=1.473, P=0.038), cervical mucus score ≥10 ( OR=1.256, P=0.026), A type endometrium ( OR=1.114, P=0.005), urinary LH strong positive ( OR=1.171, P=0.002), sperm activity ratio more than 54% after thawing ( OR=1.142, P=0.002), progressively motile sperm number ≥ 35×10 6 after thawing ( OR=1.217, P=0.001) and double inseminations per cycle ( OR=1.376, P=0.001) significantly affected the pregnancy rates of AID women under natural cycles. Conclusion:Many factors such as the woman's age, duration of infertility, day 3 LH level, day 3 estrogen level, dominant follicle number per cycle, cervical mucus score, endometrial type, sperm activity ratio after thawing, progressively motile sperm number and insemination times per cycle can affect the women’s pregnancy rate under AID natural cycles.

Objective:To analyze the effects of various factors on the clinical outcome of artificial insemination with donor sperm (AID) under natural cycles.Methods:A total of 16 458 natural cycles with donor sperm were analyzed from January 2011 to December 2018 in Reproductive Center of Guangdong Province Family Planning Science and Technology Research Institute. The relationship between the clinical outcome and the factors such as the women's character, donor sperm quality and cycle related factors with χ 2 and multiple factor generalized estimating equation. Results:Many factors such as women's age ≤ 30 years ( OR=1.865, P<0.001), the woman's age from 31 to 35 years ( OR=1.215, P<0.001), duration of infertility≤5 ( OR=1.139, P=0.007), day 3 luteining hormone (LH) level>8.10 IU/L ( OR=1.309, P=0.022), day 3 estrogen level≤77.10 pmol/L ( OR=1.301, P=0.012), day 3 estrogen level from 77.11 pmol/L to 293.60 pmol/L ( OR=1.099, P=0.044), one dominant follicle per cycle ( OR=1.473, P=0.038), cervical mucus score ≥10 ( OR=1.256, P=0.026), A type endometrium ( OR=1.114, P=0.005), urinary LH strong positive ( OR=1.171, P=0.002), sperm activity ratio more than 54% after thawing ( OR=1.142, P=0.002), progressively motile sperm number ≥ 35×10 6 after thawing ( OR=1.217, P=0.001) and double inseminations per cycle ( OR=1.376, P=0.001) significantly affected the pregnancy rates of AID women under natural cycles. Conclusion:Many factors such as the woman's age, duration of infertility, day 3 LH level, day 3 estrogen level, dominant follicle number per cycle, cervical mucus score, endometrial type, sperm activity ratio after thawing, progressively motile sperm number and insemination times per cycle can affect the women’s pregnancy rate under AID natural cycles.

Objective To observe pathological features of liver injury induced by Helicobacter hepaticus ( H.hepaticus) and the difference between male and female BALB/cCr mice.Methods Fifty SPF-class BALB/cCr mice (25 males and 25 females) were administrated by gavage with 0.2 mL bacterial suspension (1 ×108 CUF/ml) of H.hepaticus standard strain ATCC 51450 for 3 times with 48 h intervals. The control group (25 males and 25 females) received same volume of phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Mice were sacrificed in batches ( n=5) after fasting for 12 h at month 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12.Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA) was used to determine the serum level of H.hepaticus IgG antibodies.Liver tissue samples were taken for histopathology examiantion, micro-aerobic bacteria isolation, culture and identification.t test was used to analyze the differences in serum levels of H.hepaticus IgG antibody and liver histopathologic scores between different time points and groups. Results The seroprevalance of H. hepaticus-IgG antibody in male BALB/cCr mice infected with H.hepaticus were all positive, peaked at 6 month, and then gradually declined.H.hepaticus-IgG antibody levels at 3, 6, 9 and 12 month were higher than that at 1 month (t=2.828, 4.300, 3.536 and 4.500, P<0.05).Only one female BALB/cCr mouse infected with H.hepaticus was positive for H.hepaticus-IgG antibody at 9 and 12 month.H.hepaticus colonization in liver was observed in male BALB/cCr mice infected with H.hepaticus since month 3, while it was not observed in female BALB/cCr mice.Compared with femle mice, the histopathologic scores of liver in male mice infected were much higher at all time points (t=2.598,7.770,7.987,10.850 and 12.260, P<0.05 or P<0.01) .Liver histopathologic scores increased in male mice as infection time extended within 6 months (t=4.949, P<0.01), but not during 6 and 12 month (t=1.052, P>0.05).Conclusion Compared with female mice, H.hepaticus colonization and histopathologic changes in liver are more significant in male BALB/cCr mice infected with H.hepaticus, and the histological scores are increased as infection time extended.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect and safety of plasma exchange in the treatment of patients with severe liver disease in pregnancy. Methods Clinical data of 28 patients with severe liver disease in pregnancy in Surgical Intensive Care Unit (SICU), the Third Afifliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from March 2009 to October 2013 were analyzed retrospectively. According to the therapeutic schedule, the patients were divided into treatment group (n=12, age range:21 to 28 years old, median age:25 years old) and control group (n=16, age range:18 to 29 years old, median age:24 years old). The informed consents of all patients were obtained and the ethical committee approval was received. All patients were transferred to SICU after childbirth and received treatments of anti-infection, anti-virus, liver protection, reducing jaundice, supplying human albumin and gamma globulin, infusing blood coagulation and so on. And patients in treatment group received the treatment of exchange of homotype fresh plasma on the basic of the above treatments. The differences between 2 groups in clinical examination indicators and therapeutic effect were compared. The adverse reactions after plasma exchange in treatment group were observed. The examination indicators of 2 groups were compared using t test and the ratios were compared using Chi-square test. Results The blood total bilirubin (TB), albumin (ALB) , serum creatinine (Scr), fasting blood glucose (FPG) , prothrombin time activity (PTA) and arterial lactic acid (Lac) were (197±69)μmol/L, (30±7)g/L, (111±42)μmol/L, (5.7±2.4)mmol/L, (55±24)%, (2.3±0.6)mmol/L respectively in treatment group and were (299±113)μmol/L, (24±6)g/L, (165±82)μmol/L, (3.7±1.7)mmol/L, (33±11)%, (4.4±1.5)mmol/L respectively in control group. The indicators in treatment group were signiifcantly improved compared with those in control group (t=-3.453, 2.389,-4.892, 2.798, 6.079, -3.339; P<0.05). The effective rate in treatment group (92%,11/12) was signiifcantly higher than that in control group (56%,9/16) ( χ2=4.215, P<0.05). One case in treatment group suffered transitional hypotension after plasma infusion and the blood pressure returned to normal 1 h later after giving a small dose of vasoactive drugs. Conclusions Plasma exchange can improve the clinical examination indicators and therapeutic effect of patients with severe liver disease in pregnancy. It is a safe and effective treatment.

Objective To investigate immune status changes in liver transplant patients suffering from early developed sepsis.Methods In this study 19 patients undergoing liver transplantation for severe hepatitis from Oct 2008 to Jul 2009 were enrolled.Immune status was compared between patients of severe hepatitis and 20 healthy volunteers.According to whether early sepsis developed or not,patients were divided into sepsis group (HSS) and non-sepsis group (HSNS).T lymphocyte subgroups of the peripheral blood were compared between post-transplant and pre-transplant in these two groups on different stages.Results Comparing to volunteers,T％ and IFN-γ/IL-4 of severe hepatitis patients significantly decreased,CD4 + CD25 + Foxp3 + Treg( ％ ),Foxp3 mRNA and IL-10 significantly increased.Early sepsis developed in 9 patients.Compared with pre-transplant levels,T％ in both groups significantly decreased on the first day post transplant.T％ in HSNS group increased to the level of pretransplant while T％ of HSS group remained at the low level.Treg％ ( t =3.265,P =0.004 ) and Foxp3 mRNA ( t =2.750,P =0.013 ) of HSNS group on day 14 decreased significantly lower than that before transplantation.Those two parameters of HSS group even increased slightly.IFN-γ/IL-4 in HSNS group increased significantly on day 3 (t =2.261,P =0.036),while there was no change in HSS group.The concentration of IL-10 in both groups significantly decreased,and the level in HSNS group remained at a low level,while that in HSS group increased on day 14.Conclusions Patients with severe hepatitis have weakened immune status.The imbalance of immune status recovers gradually since 7-14 days after transplantation in patients uncomplicated with sepsis.However,the immune status of receipients complicated with sepsis fails to improve.