Objective: To analyze the association between insufficient sleep and score of depressive symptoms among junior and senior high school students, so as to provide a scientific reference for targeted early intervention measures of adolescents depressive symptoms. Methods: From September to November 2023, a stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 96 080 junior and senior high school students from 409 schools in 113 districts and counties in Shaanxi Province. A questionnaire survey was conducted using the 2023 Shaanxi Provincial Common Student Diseases and Health Influencing Factors Survey Form, and their height and weight were measured. Propensity score (PS) matched (1∶1) analysis was used to match participants with insufficient sleep to those sufficient sleep students. Through the gradual correction of the confounders, three multilevel linear models were established to analyze the association between insufficient sleep and depressive symptoms score, and subgroup analysis was conducted afterward. Results: A total of 70 135 (73.00%) students had insufficient sleep. After PS matching, 25 894 pairs were matched. Before PS matching, after adjusting for gender, educational stage, region, adolescent characteristics, boarding status, smoking, alcohol consumption, outdoor activities and body mass index grouping, linear regression analysis results showed that compared with students who got adequate sleep, students who lacked sleep had an increase of 1.39 scores ( B=1.39, 95%CI =1.28-1.51) in depressive symptoms; after PS matching, students with insufficient sleep got an increase of 1.32 scores ( B=1.32, 95%CI =1.17- 1.45 ) in depressive symptoms score compared with those who had adequate sleep (both P <0.05). Conclusions The insufficient sleep is associated with the increase of the depressive symptoms score of junior and senior high school students. It is recommended that junior and senior high school students should keep a good sleeping habit, so as to reduce the prevalence of depressive symptoms.

Booster vaccinations are highly recommended in combating the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant and its subvariants. However, the optimal booster vaccination strategies and related immune mechanisms with different prior vaccinations are under-revealed. In this study, we systematically evaluated the immune responses in mice and hamsters with different prime-boost regimens before their protective efficacies against Omicron were detected. We found that boosting with Ad5-nCoV, S_WT-2P or S_Omicron-6P induced significantly higher levels of neutralization activities against Omicron variants than CoronaVac and ZF2001 by eliciting stronger germinal center (GC) responses. Specifically, S_Omicron-6P induced even stronger antibody responses against Omicron variants in CoronaVac and Ad5-nCoV-primed animals than non-Omicron-specific vaccines but with limited differences as compared to Ad5-nCoV and S_WT-2P. In addition, boosting with a specific vaccine has the potential to remodel the existing immune profiles. These findings indicated that adenovirus-vectored vaccines and mRNA vaccines would be more effective than other types of vaccines as booster shots in combating Omicron infections. Moreover, the protective efficacies of the vaccines in booster vaccinations are highly related to GC reactions in secondary lymphatic organs. In summary, these findings provide timely important information on prime-boost regimens and future vaccine design.

The left maxilla of a patient was resected because of tumor,and the defect was reconstruted with fibular transplantation.The autonomous dental implant robot technology was used to achieve precise implantation of multiple implants and immediate denture restoration within the limited left maxilla.The surgery was minimally invasive and efficient,and significantly reducing patient post-operative discomfort.The final restoration was completed 6 months after surgery.

Objective To investigate the effects of safflower polysaccharide on tumor growth and the Phos-phoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K)/Protein Kinase B(Akt)/Mammalian Target of Rapamycin(mTOR)signaling pathway in colorectal cancer mice.Methods The mouse model of colorectal cancer was established by inoculating SW480 colorectal cancer cells.The successfully modeled mice were divided into five groups:the control group,the low-dose safflower polysaccharide group 15 mg/(kg·day),the medium-dose safflower polysaccharide group 45 mg/(kg·day),and the high-dose safflower polysaccharide group 135 mg/(kg·day).After treatment,tumor volume,mass,and tumor inhibition rate were measured.Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen(PCNA)protein.Apoptosis was assessed using the Terminal deoxynucleotidyl Transferase-Mediated Nick End Labeling(TUNEL)method.Hematoxylin-Eosin(HE)staining was performed to observe the morphology of tumor tissues.Real-time polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)was employed to measure the expression levels of PI3K,Akt,and mTOR in tumor tissues from each group.Western blot analysis was conducted to evaluate the expres-sion levels of c-Myc,Bcl-2-associated X protein(Bax),and proteins related to the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.Results Compared with the model group,the safflower polysaccharide(low,medium,and high)dose groups exhibited significantly decreased tumor mass and volume,as well as reduced mRNA levels of PI3K,Akt,and mTOR.Additionally,the expression ratios of p-PI3K/PI3K,p-Akt/Akt,p-mTOR/mTOR,and c-Myc protein were notably decreased,while the expression of Bax protein was significantly increased(P<0.05).As the concentration of safflower polysaccharide increased,the tumor inhibition rate also increased(P<0.05).In the model group,tumor tissue from mice showed a higher number of PCNA-positive cells;TUNEL staining revealed minimal green fluores-cence,indicating low apoptosis rates.The tumor cells were closely packed,large in size,and poorly differentiated.Conversely,in the different dosage safflower polysaccharide groups,the expression of PCNA in tumor tissues was markedly reduced,and TUNEL staining positive cells(green)were significantly increased,leading to higher apopto-sis rates(P<0.05).The tumor tissue cells were loosely arranged,with shrunken nuclei and numerous necrotic cells.Conclusion Safflower polysaccharide potentially inhibits the growth of colorectal cancer in mice through suppression of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.

Objective To investigate the effects of safflower polysaccharide on tumor growth and the Phos-phoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K)/Protein Kinase B(Akt)/Mammalian Target of Rapamycin(mTOR)signaling pathway in colorectal cancer mice.Methods The mouse model of colorectal cancer was established by inoculating SW480 colorectal cancer cells.The successfully modeled mice were divided into five groups:the control group,the low-dose safflower polysaccharide group 15 mg/(kg·day),the medium-dose safflower polysaccharide group 45 mg/(kg·day),and the high-dose safflower polysaccharide group 135 mg/(kg·day).After treatment,tumor volume,mass,and tumor inhibition rate were measured.Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen(PCNA)protein.Apoptosis was assessed using the Terminal deoxynucleotidyl Transferase-Mediated Nick End Labeling(TUNEL)method.Hematoxylin-Eosin(HE)staining was performed to observe the morphology of tumor tissues.Real-time polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)was employed to measure the expression levels of PI3K,Akt,and mTOR in tumor tissues from each group.Western blot analysis was conducted to evaluate the expres-sion levels of c-Myc,Bcl-2-associated X protein(Bax),and proteins related to the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.Results Compared with the model group,the safflower polysaccharide(low,medium,and high)dose groups exhibited significantly decreased tumor mass and volume,as well as reduced mRNA levels of PI3K,Akt,and mTOR.Additionally,the expression ratios of p-PI3K/PI3K,p-Akt/Akt,p-mTOR/mTOR,and c-Myc protein were notably decreased,while the expression of Bax protein was significantly increased(P<0.05).As the concentration of safflower polysaccharide increased,the tumor inhibition rate also increased(P<0.05).In the model group,tumor tissue from mice showed a higher number of PCNA-positive cells;TUNEL staining revealed minimal green fluores-cence,indicating low apoptosis rates.The tumor cells were closely packed,large in size,and poorly differentiated.Conversely,in the different dosage safflower polysaccharide groups,the expression of PCNA in tumor tissues was markedly reduced,and TUNEL staining positive cells(green)were significantly increased,leading to higher apopto-sis rates(P<0.05).The tumor tissue cells were loosely arranged,with shrunken nuclei and numerous necrotic cells.Conclusion Safflower polysaccharide potentially inhibits the growth of colorectal cancer in mice through suppression of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.

The left maxilla of a patient was resected because of tumor,and the defect was reconstruted with fibular transplantation.The autonomous dental implant robot technology was used to achieve precise implantation of multiple implants and immediate denture restoration within the limited left maxilla.The surgery was minimally invasive and efficient,and significantly reducing patient post-operative discomfort.The final restoration was completed 6 months after surgery.

Image 1.

Objective:To compare the diagnostic efficacy of 22 G fine needle aspiration (FNA) needles and 22 G end-cutting fine needle biopsy (FNB) needles for solid pancreatic lesion using both cytological and histological examination.Methods:Clinical data of 116 patients who underwent endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration/biopsy (EUS-FNA/FNB) at the Digestive Endoscopy Center of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from June 2022 to March 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Sixty-three patients sampled with 22 G FNA needles were the FNA group, and 53 sampled with 22 G FNB needles were the FNB group. The diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and cytological and histological diagnostic yield of FNA needles and FNB needles for solid pancreatic lesions were compared.Results:There were no significant differences in age, gender, lesion location, lesion size, or the number of passes between the FNA group and the FNB group ( P>0.05). There were no significant differences in the diagnostic accuracy [93.7% (59/63) VS 90.6% (48/53), P=0.730], sensitivity [93.0% (53/57) VS 90.2% (46/51), P=0.732], specificity [100.0% (6/6) VS 100.0% (2/2), P=1.000], positive predictive value [100.0% (53/53) VS 100.0% (46/46), P=1.000] and negative predictive value [60.0% (6/10) VS 28.6% (2/7), P=0.335] of combined cytology and histology in distinguishing benign and malignant lesions between the two groups. In the FNA group, the diagnostic accuracy of combined cytology and histology was higher than cytology alone [93.7% (59/63) VS 81.0% (51/63), P=0.008], and was higher than histology alone without statistical significance [93.7% (59/63) VS 87.3% (55/63), P=0.125]. In the FNB group, the diagnostic accuracy of combined cytology and histology was higher than cytology alone [90.6% (48/53) VS 69.8% (37/53), P=0.001], but not than histology alone [90.6% (48/53) VS 90.6% (48/53)， P=1.000]. For solid masses located in pancreatic body/tail, the diagnostic accuracy for malignancy by histology using FNB needles tended to be higher than that of FNA needles [100.0% (17/17) VS 81.3% (26/32), P=0.080]. Conclusion:Both FNA needles and FNB needles exhibit adequate diagnostic yield for solid pancreatic masses when combining cytology and histology. FNB needles may offer a higher histological diagnostic yield.

Objective To analyze the effects of low-level laser therapy(LLLT)combined with elec-tromyogram-triggered neuromuscular electrical stimulation(ETNS)on upper limb function and quality of life in patients with subacute ischemic stroke.Methods A total of 52 patients with sub-acute ischemic stroke admitted to our hospital from January 2020 to October 2023 were recruited,and then randomly divided into control group(26 cases)and observation group(26 cases).Fugl-Meyer Motor Function Score-Upper Limb(FMA-UE),Trunk Injury Scale(TIS),Wolf Motor Function Test Scale(WMFT)-Time(TS)and Functional Ability(FS),Chinese version of Stroke Quality of Life Scale(SS-QOL)were used before treatment(day of enrollment)and after treat-ment(5 months after enrollment)to evaluate these patients.Results After treatment,the obser-vation group had obviously higher FMA-UE score,TIS score,WMFT-FS score and SS-QOL score than those before treatment(P＜0.05),and these scores were also notably higher than those in control group after treatment(P＜0.01).The WMFT-TS score in the observation group after treatment was statistically lower than that before treatment(P＜0.05),and also reduced than that of the control group after treatment(39.42±11.65 vs 46.12±11.89,P=0.045).Conclusion LLLT combined with ETNS shows good efficacy in improvement of upper limb function and quality of life in subacute ischemic stroke patients.

Objective To establish a coronavirus(CoV)infection model using human nasal mucosa organoids for testing antiviral drugs and evaluate the feasibility of using human nasal mucosa organoids with viral infection as platforms for viral research and antiviral drug development.Methods Human nasal mucosa organoids were tested for susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-OC43 pseudoviruses.In a P3 laboratory,nasal mucosa organoids were infected with the original strain of SARS-CoV-2 and 4 variant strains,and the infection conditions were optimized.The viral loads in the culture supernatants were measured at different time points using RT-qPCR,and immunofluorescence assay was employed to localize SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein to determine the type of the infected cells.In the optimized nasal mucosa viral infection model,the antiviral effects of camostat and bergamot extract(which were known to inhibit SARS-CoV-2)were tested and the underlying molecular mechanisms were explored.Results In the optimized nasal mucosa organoid models infected with SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-OC43 pseudoviruses,the viral load in the culture supernatants increased significantly during the period of 2 to 24 h following the infection,which confirmed infection of the organoids by both of the pseudoviruses.The nasal mucosa organoids could be stably infected by the original SARS-CoV-2 strain and its 4 variant strains,validating successful establishment of the viral infection model,in which both camostat and bergamot extract exhibited dose-dependent antiviral effects.Conclusions Human nasal mucosa organoids with SARS-CoV-2 infection can serve as platforms for screening and testing antiviral drugs,particularly those intended for nasal administration.