ABSRACT The development of hepatocellular car-cinoma(HCC)is closely related to the formation of tumour blood vessels.VEGF-mediated angiogenesis is a major driver of the immune escape response in tumours.VEGF binds to vascular endothelial growth factor receptor2(VEGFR2)on endothelial cells,promoting endothelial cell proliferation and migration,inducing vascular changes in HCC,and thus promote the growth of hepatocellular carcino-ma cells.Anti-VEGF and its receptor-targeted mo-lecular drugs are currently effective new treat-ments for HCC.Monoclonal antibodies against VEGF and small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting VEGF have been shown to block its angio-genic activity,alleviate the inhibitory effect of the tumour microenvironment,and ultimately achieve tumour regression.This article provides a review of the research progress of VEGF/VEGFR inhibitors in HCC treatment.

ABSRACT The development of hepatocellular car-cinoma(HCC)is closely related to the formation of tumour blood vessels.VEGF-mediated angiogenesis is a major driver of the immune escape response in tumours.VEGF binds to vascular endothelial growth factor receptor2(VEGFR2)on endothelial cells,promoting endothelial cell proliferation and migration,inducing vascular changes in HCC,and thus promote the growth of hepatocellular carcino-ma cells.Anti-VEGF and its receptor-targeted mo-lecular drugs are currently effective new treat-ments for HCC.Monoclonal antibodies against VEGF and small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting VEGF have been shown to block its angio-genic activity,alleviate the inhibitory effect of the tumour microenvironment,and ultimately achieve tumour regression.This article provides a review of the research progress of VEGF/VEGFR inhibitors in HCC treatment.

ABSRACT The development of hepatocellular car-cinoma(HCC)is closely related to the formation of tumour blood vessels.VEGF-mediated angiogenesis is a major driver of the immune escape response in tumours.VEGF binds to vascular endothelial growth factor receptor2(VEGFR2)on endothelial cells,promoting endothelial cell proliferation and migration,inducing vascular changes in HCC,and thus promote the growth of hepatocellular carcino-ma cells.Anti-VEGF and its receptor-targeted mo-lecular drugs are currently effective new treat-ments for HCC.Monoclonal antibodies against VEGF and small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting VEGF have been shown to block its angio-genic activity,alleviate the inhibitory effect of the tumour microenvironment,and ultimately achieve tumour regression.This article provides a review of the research progress of VEGF/VEGFR inhibitors in HCC treatment.

ABSRACT The development of hepatocellular car-cinoma(HCC)is closely related to the formation of tumour blood vessels.VEGF-mediated angiogenesis is a major driver of the immune escape response in tumours.VEGF binds to vascular endothelial growth factor receptor2(VEGFR2)on endothelial cells,promoting endothelial cell proliferation and migration,inducing vascular changes in HCC,and thus promote the growth of hepatocellular carcino-ma cells.Anti-VEGF and its receptor-targeted mo-lecular drugs are currently effective new treat-ments for HCC.Monoclonal antibodies against VEGF and small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting VEGF have been shown to block its angio-genic activity,alleviate the inhibitory effect of the tumour microenvironment,and ultimately achieve tumour regression.This article provides a review of the research progress of VEGF/VEGFR inhibitors in HCC treatment.

ABSRACT The development of hepatocellular car-cinoma(HCC)is closely related to the formation of tumour blood vessels.VEGF-mediated angiogenesis is a major driver of the immune escape response in tumours.VEGF binds to vascular endothelial growth factor receptor2(VEGFR2)on endothelial cells,promoting endothelial cell proliferation and migration,inducing vascular changes in HCC,and thus promote the growth of hepatocellular carcino-ma cells.Anti-VEGF and its receptor-targeted mo-lecular drugs are currently effective new treat-ments for HCC.Monoclonal antibodies against VEGF and small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting VEGF have been shown to block its angio-genic activity,alleviate the inhibitory effect of the tumour microenvironment,and ultimately achieve tumour regression.This article provides a review of the research progress of VEGF/VEGFR inhibitors in HCC treatment.

ABSRACT The development of hepatocellular car-cinoma(HCC)is closely related to the formation of tumour blood vessels.VEGF-mediated angiogenesis is a major driver of the immune escape response in tumours.VEGF binds to vascular endothelial growth factor receptor2(VEGFR2)on endothelial cells,promoting endothelial cell proliferation and migration,inducing vascular changes in HCC,and thus promote the growth of hepatocellular carcino-ma cells.Anti-VEGF and its receptor-targeted mo-lecular drugs are currently effective new treat-ments for HCC.Monoclonal antibodies against VEGF and small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting VEGF have been shown to block its angio-genic activity,alleviate the inhibitory effect of the tumour microenvironment,and ultimately achieve tumour regression.This article provides a review of the research progress of VEGF/VEGFR inhibitors in HCC treatment.

ABSRACT The development of hepatocellular car-cinoma(HCC)is closely related to the formation of tumour blood vessels.VEGF-mediated angiogenesis is a major driver of the immune escape response in tumours.VEGF binds to vascular endothelial growth factor receptor2(VEGFR2)on endothelial cells,promoting endothelial cell proliferation and migration,inducing vascular changes in HCC,and thus promote the growth of hepatocellular carcino-ma cells.Anti-VEGF and its receptor-targeted mo-lecular drugs are currently effective new treat-ments for HCC.Monoclonal antibodies against VEGF and small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting VEGF have been shown to block its angio-genic activity,alleviate the inhibitory effect of the tumour microenvironment,and ultimately achieve tumour regression.This article provides a review of the research progress of VEGF/VEGFR inhibitors in HCC treatment.

ABSRACT The development of hepatocellular car-cinoma(HCC)is closely related to the formation of tumour blood vessels.VEGF-mediated angiogenesis is a major driver of the immune escape response in tumours.VEGF binds to vascular endothelial growth factor receptor2(VEGFR2)on endothelial cells,promoting endothelial cell proliferation and migration,inducing vascular changes in HCC,and thus promote the growth of hepatocellular carcino-ma cells.Anti-VEGF and its receptor-targeted mo-lecular drugs are currently effective new treat-ments for HCC.Monoclonal antibodies against VEGF and small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting VEGF have been shown to block its angio-genic activity,alleviate the inhibitory effect of the tumour microenvironment,and ultimately achieve tumour regression.This article provides a review of the research progress of VEGF/VEGFR inhibitors in HCC treatment.

The cerebral venous system plays an important role in maintaining cerebral blood flow homeostasis. Research has shown that cerebral venous drainage is associated with collateral circulation status and outcomes after endovascular treatment in patients with acute ischemic stroke. There are currently multiple methods for evaluating cerebral veins based on different imaging techniques. This article reviews the imaging evaluation methods for cerebral venous drainage and their application in patients with acute ischemic stroke undergoing endovascular treatment.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical significance of neoadjuvant immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of larynx preservation in locally advanced hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Methods:Patients with locally advanced HPSCC（cT3-T4aN0-N3M0） were eligible. All received 2 cycles of pembrolizumab combined with docetaxel and platinum neoadjuvant induction therapy. After two cycles, the efficacy was evaluated, followed by radical chemoradiotherapy or surgery and adjuvant chemoradiotherapy according to the efficacy. The primary endpoints were objective response rate（ORR） ，larynx-preservation（LP） rate at 3 months post-treatment and the adverse reactions during neoadjuvant therapy. Results:From December 2021 to December 2022, 10 patients with locally advanced HPSCC（cT3-T4aN0-N3M0） were enrolled. After 2 cycles of the neoadjuvant therapy, 2 patients achieved complete response（CR）, 7 patients achieved partial response（PR）, 1 patient was stable disease（SD）, objective response rate（ORR） was 90%, and disease control rate（DCR） was 100%. 5 patients received radical chemoradiotherapy, 5 patients received surgery and adjuvant chemoradiotherapy, four of them received partial laryngectomy and partial hypopharyngeal resection surgery, and one of them received total laryngectomy and partial hypopharyngeal resection surgery. All patients were able to withstand adverse reactions of neoadjuvant therapy and successfully completed the whole treatment of HPSCC without grade 3-4 treatment-related adverse reactions. There was no recurrence or metastasis during 3-18 months of follow-up. 1 patient died of severe pneumonia 3 months after the completion of radical chemoradiotherapy. At 3 months after treatment, the larynx-preservation rate was 80%. Conclusion:Neoadjuvant immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy has good short-term efficacy and the adverse reactions were tolerable. It can improve the larynx-preservation rate of patients with locally advanced HPSCC, thus improving the prognosis and quality of life of patients.
Humans ; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck/etiology* ; Neoadjuvant Therapy ; Quality of Life ; Cisplatin ; Treatment Outcome ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use* ; Larynx ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; Immunotherapy