Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics,distribution of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome types,and the anxiety and depression status in patients with colorectal polyps.Methods From January 2022 to December 2023,a total of 200 cases of patients with colorectal polyps(polyp group)and 100 patients without intestinal abnormalities(non-polyp group)under colonoscope who received colonoscopy or treatment at the Endoscopy Center of Dongguan Hospital,Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine were enrolled.The relevant medical information of the patients in the two groups were collected,and then TCM syndrome differentiation of patients with colorectal polyps were carried out,the general infromation including gender,age,body mass index(BMI),smoking history and alcohol-intake history was recorded,and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale(HAD)score was calculated for assessing their anxiety and depression status.Results(1)The investigation of clinical characteristics showed that between the polyp group and the non-polyp group,the differences in the general information of gender,age,BMI,smoking history and alcohol-intake history were statistically significant(P<0.05 or P<0.01).As for the gender,the polyp group was predominated by the male(63.5%),while the non-polyp group was predominated by the female(58.0%),indicating that male patients were more likely to suffer from colorectal polyps.In terms of the age,the age group of 51-60 years old accounted for a higher percentage(36.0%)in the polyp group,while the age group of 41-50 years old accounted for a higher percentage(38.0%)in the non-polyp group,indicating that the polyp group had an elder average age than the non-polyp group.In addition,the percentages of patients with obesity(BMI≥28.0 kg/m2),smoking history,and alcohol-intake history in the polyp group were higher than those in the non-polyp group.(2)The analysis of features of colorectal polyps showed that the polyps were mostly seen in the left colon,accounting for 53.5%in the polyp group;adenomatous polyps accounted for 57.0%of all polyps;the size of colorectal polyps was usually less than one centimeter,accounting for 81.5%of all polyps;single colorectal polyps accounted for 45.5%,and multiple colorectal polyps accounted for 54.5%,indicating that colorectal polyps were usually multiple.(3)Among the 200 patients with colorectal polyps,there were 93 cases of syndrome of stagnation dampness due to spleen deficiency(46.5%),59 cases of dampness-heat in large intestine syndrome(29.5%),27 cases of liver depression and qi stagnation syndrome(13.5%),and 21 cases of dampness and blood stasis obstruction syndrome(10.5%).There were no statistically significant differences in the distribution of TCM syndrome types among colorectal polyp patients with different genders,ages,BMIs and alcohol consumption(P>0.05).The difference in the distribution of TCM syndrome types among colorectal polyp patients with or without smoking history was statistically significant(P<0.05).No statistically significant differences were shown in the distribution of TCM syndrome types among the colorectal polyp patients with various foci,number of polyps,and pathological types(P>0.05).The difference in the distribution of TCM syndrome types in colorectal polyp patients with different polyp sizes was statistically significant(P<0.05).In the patients with the polyp size0.05).In addition,the differences of anxiety scores and depression scores in the patients with various TCM syndrome types were not statistically significant(P>0.05).Conclusion(1)The distribution of TCM syndrome types of colorectal polyps is predominated by the syndrome of stagnation dampness due to spleen deficiency and dampness-heat in large intestine syndrome.The distribution of TCM syndrome types has no correlation with anxiety and depression,and the polyp foci,number of polyps,and pathological types of polyps,but has certain correlation with the size of the polyps.(2)Anxiety and depression may be the risk factors for colorectal polyps,but the polyp foci,number of polyps,and pathological types of polyps have no correlation with anxiety and depression,and the size of polyps may have certain correlation with anxiety.(3)Gender,age,smoking history and alcohol-intake history may be the risk factors for colorectal polyps.

Objective: To summarize the experience in diagnosis and treatment of 45, X Turner syndrome (TS) with gonadal Y chromosome mosaicism and bilateral gonadoblastoma (Gb) secreting human chorionic gonadotrophin(HCG). Methods: A female patient aged 5 years and 3 months was admitted to the hospital with a complaint of "enlarged breasts for 27 months, and elevated blood β-HCG for 8 months". The clinical data were summarized, and related literature up to March 2022 with the key words"Turner syndrome" "Gonadoblastoma" "Y chromosome" "human chorionic gonadotropin" "precocious" in PubMed, CNKI and Wanfang databases were reviewed. Results: The girl went to the local hospital for 2-month breast development at age of 3 years, and was found with a heart murmur diagnosed with "pulmonary venous malformation and atrial septal defect (secondary foramen type)". Surgical correction was performed. She experienced the progressive breast development, rapid linear growth and markedly advanced skeletal age, which cannot be explained by partial activation in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis determined at the age of 3 years and 7 months in local hospital. Then whole-exome sequencing revealed chromosome number abnormality 45, X, which was confirmed by Karyotyping. At the age of 4 years and 6 months, serum β-HCG was found to be elevated (24.9 U/L) with no lesion found at the local hospital. On physical examination, she was found with breast development, pubic hair development and clitoromegaly with elevated serum testosterone (1.96 μg/L) and β-HCG (32.3 U/L). Sex determining region Y(SRY) gene was negative in peripheral blood sample. Thoracic and abdominal CT, head and pelvic magnetic resonance imaging were normal. Exploratory laparotomy confirmed the presence of a left adnexal tumor and a right fibrous streak gonad. During surgery, simultaneous samples of bilateral gonadal and peripheral venous blood were obtained and serum β-HCG, estradiol and testosteron concentrations was higher to lower from left gonadal venous blood, right gonadal venous blood, to peripheral venous blood. Bilateral gonadectomy was performed. Histopathology revealed bilateral gonadoblastomas. SRY was positive in bilateral gonadal tissues. After surgery, serum E₂, testerone and β-HCG returned to normal. So far 4 cases of HCG-secreting gonadoblastoma had been reported worldwide. The phenotypes of the 4 cases were all female, with virilization or amenorrhea, and the preoperative peripheral blood β-HCG concentrations were 74.4, 5.0, 40 456.0, and 42.4 U/L, respectively. Conclusions: There is a high risk of Gb in TS with Y chromosome components. Gb is infrequently presented with breast development, and Gb associated with HCG secretion is rare. Karyotyping should be performed in a phenotypic female with masculinization, and virilization in TS indicates the presence of Y chromosome material with concurrent androgen secreting tumors.
Humans ; Female ; Child, Preschool ; Gonadoblastoma/surgery* ; Turner Syndrome/complications* ; Virilism ; Chorionic Gonadotropin ; Ovarian Neoplasms

OBJECTIVETo investigate the distribution and proportion of subtypes of pol gene in HIV-1 epidemic strains in Guangxi Autonomous Region.

METHODS152 HIV-1 patients were enrolled from 11 cities in Guangxi Autonomous Region from 2010 to 2012 by convenient sampling. Inclusion criterias were listed as the fdlowing: HIV-1 infection was confirmed by Western blot, HIV-1 viral load >1 000 copies/ml, > 18 year-old, and without any serious illnesses. 5 ml of peripheral blood samples were obtained from each patient. The viral RNA was isolated from plasma and used for amplification of full-length pol gene by nested RT-PCR. The amplified products were sequenced. After editing and modification, all sequences were characterized for preliminary subtyping by genotyping and confirmed with phylogenetic tree constructed by MEGA 5.03 software. The recombinant identification of 2 unknown recombinant strains was determined by RIP and jpHMM at GOBICS.

RESULTSAmong 152 patients, 137 full-length pol genes were successfully amplified and 127 HIV-1 subtypes were identified. The distribution and proportion of subtypes was summarized as the following 71 cases of CRF01_AE, accounting for 55.9% (71/127), 38 CRF08_BC, 29.9% (38/127), 13 CRF07_BC, 10.2% (13/127), and 3 B (B'), 2.4% (3/127), 2 unknown recombinant strains, 1.6% (2/127). In 11 cites of Guangxi Autonomous Region, subtype CRF01_AE was the dominant strain. Among heterosexual transmitted patients and drug abusers, the proportions of subtype CRF01_AE were 67.4% (58/86) and 34.1% (14/41), respectively. There was a significance different in the distribution of CRF01_AE in different routes of transmission (χ(2)=15.07, P<0.001). In age 21- 35, age 36- 60 and age>60 groups, the proportions of CRF01_AE was 43.6% (17/39), 57.6% (38/66), 77.3% (17/22), and CRF08_BC was 43.6% (17/39), 28.8% (19/66), 9.1% (2/22), respectively, the difference in proportions was significant(χ(2)=8.48, P= 0.014). The patterns of two unknown recombinant strains were found to be CRF01_AE/B (B') and CRF01_AE/C/B(B'), respectively.

CONCLUSIONCRF01_AE was the dominant HIV-1 subtype in Guangxi Autonomous Region from 2010 to 2012, with heterosexual transmission as its main spreading route. The two unknown recombinant strains in Guangxi Autonomous Region were reconstructed by subtype CRF01_AE and CRF_BC.

Blotting, Western ; China ; epidemiology ; Cities ; Drug Users ; Genes, pol ; Genotype ; HIV Infections ; epidemiology ; transmission ; virology ; HIV-1 ; genetics ; Humans ; Phylogeny ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Viral ; blood ; pol Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus ; genetics

Child ; China ; Endocrinology ; history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Pediatrics ; history

Objective To investigate the HIV-1 drug resistance in Guangxi during 2009 to 2012 and to analyze the correlations between drug resistance and HIV-1 subtypes.Methods Patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection or acquired immune deficiency syndrome ( HIV/AIDS) were randomly re-cruited from different areas in Guangxi.HIV-1 RNA was extracted from blood samples of the subjects and converted into complementary DNA ( cDNA) by using reverse transcription.The pol gene was amplified and sequenced.Subtyping analysis was performed by using the online analysis tool of Genotyping in combination with the MEGA 5.03 software.The HIV resistance mutations were determined and scored with the use of Stanford HIV Drug Resistance Database.Results A total of 196 pol gene sequences were obtained from 103 antiretroviral therapy (ART)-treated subjects (52.55%) and 93 ART-na?ve subjects (47.45%).The 196 pol gene sequences were classified into four subtypes including CRF01_AE, CRF08_BC, CRF07_BC and B, accounting for 48.47%, 44.90%, 6.12%and 0.51%, respectively.The HIV drug resistance rates in sub-jects with and without ART were 10.68% and 7.53%, respectively.Among the 196 subjects, 14 cases showed low level of drug resistance, 3 cases showed moderate level of drug resistance and 4 cases showed high level of resistance.Only one case was resistant to both nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors ( NR-TIs) and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors ( NNRTIs) .The resistance rates of the 196 cases to protease inhibitor (PIs), NRTIs, NNRTIs, and integrase inhibitors (INs) were 6.63%, 3.06%, 11.22%and 8.67%, respectively.The frequencies of PIs-related mutations in subtypes CRF01_AE, CRF07_BC and CRF08_BC were 6.32%, 41.67% and 2.27%, respectively.Most of the PI-related A71V/T mutations were identified in strains belonging to subtype CRF07_BC, accounting for 75% of all A71V/T mutations found in the 196 strains.The NNRTI-related E138A mutations only appeared in strains belonging to subtype CRF08_BC.Conclusion The drug resistance rate among patients with HIV-1/AIDS in Guangxi was higher than the average level in China.The drug resistance rates varied with the subtypes of HIV-1 strains.

Objective To study the phylogenetic evolution and genetic variations of gag gene among the prevalent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV )‐1 strains in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region . Methods Plasma samples of 158 HIV‐1 infected patients in Guangxi area were collected during October 2011 to March 2012 .The gag gene fragments of HIV‐1 were amplified by reverse transcription/nested‐polymerase chain reaction and then sequenced .MEGA 5 .03 was utilized to construct phylogenetic tree and to calculate the genetic distances and selection pressures (globle ω) of gag gene and its coding regions . The comparisons between two groups were tested by Student′s t test ,and the comparisons of multiple groups were tested by one‐way ANOVA .Results A total of 140 amplification products of gag gene were obtained from 158 samples .Four subtypes of HIV‐1 were found ,including CRF01_AE (80 ,57 .1% ) , CRF08_BC (46 ,32 .9% ) ,CRF07_BC (10 ,7 .1% ) ,and subtype B (B′) (4 ,2 .9% ) .The genetic distances of gag gene of the above subtypes were 0 .036 ± 0 .001 ,0 .031 ± 0 .002 ,0 .043 ± 0 .003 and 0 .102 ± 0 .006 ,respectively ,with statistical significance (F=220 .62 ,P<0 .01) .The p17 and p24 coding regions suffered negative selection pressure (globleω<1) .Neither the globle ω in p17 region nor that in p24 region had significant differences among different subtypes (F=0 .761 ,P=0 .469 and F=0 .037 ,P=0 .964 , respectively ) . Conclusion CRF01_AE is the major subtypes of HIV‐1 in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region .The coding regions of gag gene are relatively conserved during evolution .Changes of HIV‐1 prevalence ,however ,may affect the genetic variation of gag gene ,which should be continuously monitored .

AIM: To study the effects of insulin on the proliferation and function of osteoblasts and the relationship between insulin post-receptor change in osteoblasts and osteoblastic cell growth.METHODS: The effects of different levels of insulin on osteoblasts were assessed by MTT colorimetry.Osteocalcin in medium was measured by RIM.IGF-1 mRNA expression levels were determined by RT-PCR.The concentrations of free IGF-1 protein in serum-free medium were measured by ELISA.In addition,the protein level and phosphorylated protein of P~(44/42)MAPK were determined by Western blotting analysis.RESULTS: Insulin enhanced the proliferation of osteoblasts,depending on its dose and exposure time.Insulin at concentration of 10~(-7) mol/L showed the strongest effect,and the action attained the plateau phase beyond 96 h.The best concentration that stimulated synthesis of osteocalcin by insulin was 10~(-7) mol/L.When the insulin concentration beyond 10~(-7) mol/L,the osteocalcin concentration was decreased.Exposure time had no effect on insulin-stimulated synthesis of osteocalcin of osteoblastic cells.When the concentration of insulin reaches 10~(-6) mol/L,the IGF-1 mRNA expression stimulated by insulin was also decreased.The concentrations of free IGF-1 protein in insulin-stimulated groups were all higher than that in control group(P0.05).Insulin acute stimulation rapidly induced the activity of tyrosine phosphorylation of P~(44/42)MAPK.The degree of tyrosine phosphorylation of P~(44/42)MAPK was increased step by step along with the increasing doses of insulin from 0 to 10~(-7) mol/L(P