Objective To examine the impact of two DRG performance management approaches on the operations of neu-rology and neurosurgery departments.Methods DRG discharge case data were collected from a tertiary hospital in Laibin City between January 2022 and April 2024.The Interrupted Time Series(ITS)was used to analyze the impact of the two types of DRG performance management on financial performance,service capacity and efficiency,patient burden,and profitability of the neurology and neurosurgery departments.Heatmap clustering analysis was employed to compare the changes in disease surplus rates before and after the two management models,and non-parametric tests were conducted to analyze the impact of departmental transfers on hospitalization costs.Results The change in the ITS(Interrupted Time Series)slope coefficient for operational effi-ciency was significant in the neurology department but not in neurosurgery.The change rates of disease surplus in the two depart-ments were classified into five categories,with similar trends observed in diseases with closely related weights.Furthermore,hos-pitalization costs for certain diseases significantly increased following the transfer of patients from one department to the other(P＜0.05).Conclusion Significant differences exist in the impact of different DRG(Diagnosis-Related Group)performance management approaches in the same department,and the same DRG performance management approach has varying effects on dif-ferent departments.Departmental transfer is a key factor influencing hospitalization costs.

Objective: To analyze the distribution characteristics of fluoride and trichloromethane in drinking water in rural schools in Guizhou Province and assess their health risks, so as to provide a scientific basis for ensuring the safety of drinking water in rural schools. Methods: During the dry season (March to May) and wet season (July to September) of 2020 to 2022, 788 rural primary and secondary schools in agricultural counties (districts) in Guizhou Province were selected for investigation by using a direct sampling method. A total of 1 566 drinking water samples were collected from these schools, and the mass concentrations of fluoride and trichloromethane in the water samples were detected. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for intergroup comparison, and a health risk assessment model was employed to evaluate the health risks of students oral intake of fluoride and trichloromethane. Results: From 2020 to 2022, the mass concentrations of fluoride and trichloromethane in the drinking water of rural schools in Guizhou Province all met the standards, and the ranges were no detection to 0.99 mg/L and (no detection to 0.06)×10 -3 mg/L, respectively. The mass concentrations of fluoride in dry and wet seasons were 0.05(0.05,0.10), 0.05(0.05,0.10) mg/L, the mass concentrations of trichloromethane were [0.02(0.02,1.00)]×10 -3 , [0.02(0.02,1.00)]×10 -3 mg/L, the mass concentrations of fluoride in factory water and terminal water were 0.05(0.05,0.05), 0.05(0.05,0.10) mg/L, and the differences were not statistically significant ( Z=-0.04, -0.88, - 0.98 , P >0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in the mass concentration of trichloromethane between factory water and peripheral water [0.02(0.02,0.02)×10 -3 , 0.02(0.02,1.05)×10 -3 mg/L]( Z=-2.16, P < 0.05 ). The non-carcinogenic risk assessment values for students oral exposure to fluoride and trichloromethane were in the range of 0.01(0.01,0.03)-0.03(0.03,0.06) and [0.26( 0.26 ,14.54)]×10 -4 -[0.52(0.52,48.62)]×10 -4 , respectively, all of which were at acceptable levels; the carcinogenic risk assessment values for oral exposure to trichloromethane were in the range of [0.08(0.08, 4.51 )]×10 -7 -[0.16(0.16,15.07)]×10 -7 , indicating a low risk. Conclusions The health risks of students expore to fluoride and trichloromethane in drinking water in rural schools of Guizhou Province are low. It is necessary to strengthen the standardized management of disinfection in some rural drinking water projects and the monitoring of fluoride in water sources to reduce the exposure risk to children.

Objective To examine the impact of two DRG performance management approaches on the operations of neu-rology and neurosurgery departments.Methods DRG discharge case data were collected from a tertiary hospital in Laibin City between January 2022 and April 2024.The Interrupted Time Series(ITS)was used to analyze the impact of the two types of DRG performance management on financial performance,service capacity and efficiency,patient burden,and profitability of the neurology and neurosurgery departments.Heatmap clustering analysis was employed to compare the changes in disease surplus rates before and after the two management models,and non-parametric tests were conducted to analyze the impact of departmental transfers on hospitalization costs.Results The change in the ITS(Interrupted Time Series)slope coefficient for operational effi-ciency was significant in the neurology department but not in neurosurgery.The change rates of disease surplus in the two depart-ments were classified into five categories,with similar trends observed in diseases with closely related weights.Furthermore,hos-pitalization costs for certain diseases significantly increased following the transfer of patients from one department to the other(P＜0.05).Conclusion Significant differences exist in the impact of different DRG(Diagnosis-Related Group)performance management approaches in the same department,and the same DRG performance management approach has varying effects on dif-ferent departments.Departmental transfer is a key factor influencing hospitalization costs.

Background Bacteria are the most diverse and widely sourced microorganisms in the indoor air of subway stations, where pathogenic bacteria can spread through the air, leading to increased health risks. Objective To understand the status and distribution characteristics of indoor air bacterial pollution in subway stations and compartments in a city of Central South China, and to provide a scientific basis for formulating intervention measures to address indoor air bacteria pollution in subways. Methods Three subway stations and the compartments of trains parking there in a city in Central South China were selected according to passenger flow for synchronous air sampling and monitoring. Temperature, humidity, wind speed, carbon dioxide (CO₂), fine particulate matter (PM_2.5), and inhalable particulate matter (PM₁₀) were measured by direct reading method. In accordance with the requirements of Examination methods for public places-Part 3: Airborne microorganisms (GB/T 18204.3-2013), air samples were collected at a flow rate of 28.3 L·min⁻¹, and total bacterial count was estimated. Bacterial microbial species were identified with a mass spectrometer and pathogenic bacteria were distinguished from non-pathogenic bacteria according to the Catalogue of pathogenic microorganisms transmitted to human beings issued by National Health Commission. Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to compare the subway hygiene indicators in different regions and time periods, and Bonferroni test was used for pairwise comparison. Spearman correlation test was used to evaluate the correlation between CO₂ concentration and total bacterial count. Results The pass rates were 100.0% for airborne total bacteria count, PM_2.5, and PM₁₀ in the subway stations and train compartments, 94.4% for temperature and wind speed, 98.6% for CO₂, but 0% for humidity. The overall median (P₂₅, P₇₅) total bacteria count was 177 (138,262) CFU·m⁻³. Specifically, the total bacteria count was higher in station halls than in platforms, and higher during morning peak hours than during evening peak hours (P<0.05). A total of 874 strains and 82 species were identified by automatic microbial mass spectrometry. The results of identification were all over 9 points, and the predominant bacteria in the air were Micrococcus luteus (52.2%) and Staphylococcus hominis (9.8%). Three pathogens, Acinetobacter baumannii (0.3%), Corynebacterium striatum (0.1%), and Staphylococcus epidermidis bacilli (2.2%) were detected in 23 samples (2.6%), and the associated locations were mainly distributed in train compartments during evening rush hours. Conclusion The total bacteria count in indoor air varies by monitoring sites of subway stations and time periods, and there is a risk of opportunistic bacterial infection. Attention should be paid to cleaning and disinfection during peak passenger flow hours in all areas.

Objective: The functions of both the central and peripheral autonomic nervous system, indexed by heart rate variability (HRV), are affected by psychology and physiology. This review summarizes the results of studies comparing the evaluation of HRV parameters between individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and healthy controls. Methods: Eligible studies (n=499) were identified through literature searches of the EMBASE, Medline, PubMed and Web of Science databases. Nineteen studies met our inclusion criteria. A random effects model was used, and standardized mean differences for highfrequency HRV(HF-HRV), low-frequency HRV(LF-HRV) and the root mean square of successive R-R interval differences (RMSSD) were calculated. Results: Significant effects were found for HF-HRV [p<0.0001, Z=4.18; Hedges’g=-1.58, 95% confidence interval (CI) (-2.32, -0.84); k=14] and RMSSD [p<0.00001, Z=4.80; Hedges’g=-1.96, 95% CI (-2.76, -1.16); k=9] relative to healthy controls. Considerable heterogeneity was revealed, but the main effects for HF-HRV and RMSSD were robust in subsequent meta-regression and subgroup analyses. Conclusion Given the relationships among low vagal state, inflammation, and alterations in brain structure and function, including executive function and emotion regulation, reduced HRV may be regarded as an endophenotype in PTSD research.

Objective To discover biological markers of male infertility.Methods Two-dimensional electrophoresis and Mass-Spectrum techniques(MS+MS/MS) were used for analyzing the seminal plasma from idiopathic male infertility and the control.Results Serum albumin and prostatic acid phosphatase were reduced in seminal plasma from idiopathic male infertility,while Cathepsin B and Zn-alpha-2-glycoprotein were increased.ConclusionIdiopathic male infertility was potentially associated with disorder of sperm capacitation and seminal immune function.

Objective: To analyze socio-demographic and social psychological characteristics of college students with anxiety in Anhui province. Methods: Striated all universities in Anhui according to professional fields, selected one university in each field and 15% of students of that university were collected as our sample (N=4178). Anonymous questionnaires inclusive self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), social experience checklist (SEC), adolescent self-rating life events checklist (ASLEC) and family environment scale-Chinese version (FES~CV) were used to investigate anxiety status and its relation with socio-demographic and social psychological characteristics. Univariate logistic and multivariate stepwise logistic models were used to calculate the odds ratios between prevalence of anxiety and those influential factors. Results:The rate of anxiety among our sample was 6.94% (in male 7.22%, in female 6.35%). Students of science and technology school had the highest rate of anxiety (10.08%), while those from medical school the lowest (3.59%). It was shown that anxiety status was statistically significant associated with many demographic and social psychological factors by ?~2 test, while in multivariate stepwise logistic models it was significant related with majors (referred to science and technology OR=1.77,95%CI:1.30~2.41), poor academic achievement (OR=1.45,95%CI:1.09~1.93), negative life events (OR=4.76,95%CI:3.36~6.77), negative life experience (OR=3.35,95%CI:2.43~4.62), and intimacy (OR=0.65,95%CI:0.49~0.85)and emotion expression within families (OR=0.71,95%CI:0.54~0.94). Conclusion: Anxiety status among college students was influenced by a variety of factors including socio-demographic and social psychological characteristics, which must be taken into consideration during psychological health promotion.