BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Regulating the postprandial glucose levels is crucial for preventing the progression of prediabetes to diabetes. This study examined the effects of a diabetes-specific nutrition formula (DSNF) on the postprandial plasma glucose, serum insulin, and serum c-peptide levels in individuals with prediabetes. SUBJECTS/METHODS: An open-label, crossover clinical trial was conducted to compare the effects of the DSNF versus standard oral nutritional supplement (ONS) on glycemic control.Fifteen subjects with prediabetes were enrolled and received the DSNF on the first visit and standard ONS on the second. The postprandial plasma glucose, serum insulin, and serum c-peptide incremental area under the curve (iAUC), as well as the incremental maximal concentration (iCmax ) and the maximum concentration (Cmax ), were measured after each intervention. Statistical comparisons between DSNF and standard ONS were conducted using a Wilcoxon’s signed-rank test. RESULTS: After consuming the DSNF, the iAUC of the postprandial glucose level was significantly low compared to the standard ONS (1,683.49 ± 911.65 vs. 4,455.92 ± 1,658.77, P < 0.0001). Similarly, the serum insulin iAUC (2,017.33 ± 987.64 vs. 2,570.59 ± 1,201.09, P = 0.0181) and c-peptide iAUC (274.17 ± 116.12 vs. 491.18 ± 123.90, P < 0.0001) decreased significantly after DSNF administration compared to the standard ONS. CONCLUSIONS The consumption of DSNF significantly improved the postprandial glucose, insulin, and c-peptide responses compared to the standard ONS.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Diabetes-specific oral nutritional supplements (ONS) have anti-hyperglycemic effects, while D-allulose exerts anti-diabetic and anti-obesity effects.In this study, we investigated the efficacy and safety of diabetes-specific ONS, including allulose, on glycemic and weight changes in overweight or obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). SUBJECTS/METHODS: A single-arm, historical-control pilot clinical trial was conducted on 26 overweight or obese patients with T2DM (age range: 30–70 yrs). The participants were administered 2 packs of diabetes-specific ONS, including allulose (200 kcal/200 mL), every morning for 8 weeks. The glycemic profiles, obesity-related parameters, and lipid profiles were assessed to evaluate the efficacy of ONS. RESULTS: After 8 weeks, fasting blood glucose (FBG) level significantly decreased from 139.00 ± 29.66 mg/dL to 126.08 ± 32.00 mg/dL (P = 0.007) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) improved (7.23 ± 0.82% vs. 7.03 ± 0.69%, P = 0.041). Moreover, the fasting insulin (δ: −1.81 ± 3.61 μU/mL, P = 0.017) and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (δ: −0.87 ± 1.57, P = 0.009) levels decreased at 8 weeks, and body weight significantly decreased from 67.20 ± 8.29 kg to 66.43 ± 8.12 kg (P = 0.008). Body mass index (BMI) also decreased in accordance with this (from 25.59 ± 1.82 kg/m2 to 25.30 ± 1.86 kg/m2 , P = 0.009), as did waist circumference (δ: −1.31 ± 2.04 cm, P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS The consumption of diabetes-specific ONS with allulose in overweight or obese patients with T2DM improved glycemic profiles, such as FBG, HbA1c, and HOMA-IR, and reduced body weight and BMI.