Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is a high-risk condition that requires continuous monitoring and appropriate management during the natural course of the disease. In particular, the assessment of liver fibrosis is crucial for determining the optimal timing of antiviral therapy, evaluating the treatment response, and predicting the occurrence and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the management of CHB. Although a liver biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosing liver inflammation, steatosis, and fibrosis, there has been a growing trend in the use of non-invasive tests, such as serum biomarkers, transient elastography, and shear wave elastography in CHB patients. This review provides a summary of the key research findings on the use of serum biomarkers and transient elastography in assessing liver fibrosis, monitoring the disease progression, and predicting the prognosis of CHB patients, with an emphasis on their clinical applicability.

Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is a high-risk condition that requires continuous monitoring and appropriate management during the natural course of the disease. In particular, the assessment of liver fibrosis is crucial for determining the optimal timing of antiviral therapy, evaluating the treatment response, and predicting the occurrence and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the management of CHB. Although a liver biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosing liver inflammation, steatosis, and fibrosis, there has been a growing trend in the use of non-invasive tests, such as serum biomarkers, transient elastography, and shear wave elastography in CHB patients. This review provides a summary of the key research findings on the use of serum biomarkers and transient elastography in assessing liver fibrosis, monitoring the disease progression, and predicting the prognosis of CHB patients, with an emphasis on their clinical applicability.

Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is a high-risk condition that requires continuous monitoring and appropriate management during the natural course of the disease. In particular, the assessment of liver fibrosis is crucial for determining the optimal timing of antiviral therapy, evaluating the treatment response, and predicting the occurrence and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the management of CHB. Although a liver biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosing liver inflammation, steatosis, and fibrosis, there has been a growing trend in the use of non-invasive tests, such as serum biomarkers, transient elastography, and shear wave elastography in CHB patients. This review provides a summary of the key research findings on the use of serum biomarkers and transient elastography in assessing liver fibrosis, monitoring the disease progression, and predicting the prognosis of CHB patients, with an emphasis on their clinical applicability.

The global increase in the incidence of metabolic disorders is increasing the burden of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) progression and NAFLD-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development; urgent measures are required to reduce this burden. The metabolic aspects of NAFLD led to the proposal to rename this condition as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Diagnosis of MASLD, unlike that of NAFLD, requires the presence of at least one cardiometabolic risk factor (CMRF), creating a new focus on these factors, although the vast majority of patients with NAFLD meet the criteria for MASLD. In this article, we therefore review the current understanding of MASLD-related HCC, such as the epidemiology, risk factors with a particular focus on CMRFs, surveillance strategies, and risk stratification models.

The global increase in the incidence of metabolic disorders is increasing the burden of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) progression and NAFLD-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development; urgent measures are required to reduce this burden. The metabolic aspects of NAFLD led to the proposal to rename this condition as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Diagnosis of MASLD, unlike that of NAFLD, requires the presence of at least one cardiometabolic risk factor (CMRF), creating a new focus on these factors, although the vast majority of patients with NAFLD meet the criteria for MASLD. In this article, we therefore review the current understanding of MASLD-related HCC, such as the epidemiology, risk factors with a particular focus on CMRFs, surveillance strategies, and risk stratification models.

Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is a high-risk condition that requires continuous monitoring and appropriate management during the natural course of the disease. In particular, the assessment of liver fibrosis is crucial for determining the optimal timing of antiviral therapy, evaluating the treatment response, and predicting the occurrence and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the management of CHB. Although a liver biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosing liver inflammation, steatosis, and fibrosis, there has been a growing trend in the use of non-invasive tests, such as serum biomarkers, transient elastography, and shear wave elastography in CHB patients. This review provides a summary of the key research findings on the use of serum biomarkers and transient elastography in assessing liver fibrosis, monitoring the disease progression, and predicting the prognosis of CHB patients, with an emphasis on their clinical applicability.

The global increase in the incidence of metabolic disorders is increasing the burden of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) progression and NAFLD-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development; urgent measures are required to reduce this burden. The metabolic aspects of NAFLD led to the proposal to rename this condition as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Diagnosis of MASLD, unlike that of NAFLD, requires the presence of at least one cardiometabolic risk factor (CMRF), creating a new focus on these factors, although the vast majority of patients with NAFLD meet the criteria for MASLD. In this article, we therefore review the current understanding of MASLD-related HCC, such as the epidemiology, risk factors with a particular focus on CMRFs, surveillance strategies, and risk stratification models.