Objective To analyze the effects of occupational exposure to high-frequency electromagnetic fields (HF-EMF) on female reproductive health, endocrine and neurobehavioral functions, and to provide a basis for conducting occupational health risk assessment and formulating targeted protection strategies. Methods From February 2023 to February 2025, 120 female employees from the communication, medical, and electronic manufacturing industries in a region were selected as the exposure group. Concurrently, 100 female office employees without occupational exposure to HF-EMF were selected as the control group. Their demographic characteristics and reproductive health status were collected through questionnaire surveys. Electrochemiluminescence immunoassay was used to detect endocrine hormone levels, including follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, estradiol, progesterone, and prolactin. The World Health Organization Neurobehavioral Core Test Battery was used to measure neurobehavioral function. Results The rates of abnormal menstrual cycles, abnormal menstrual flow, spontaneous abortion, and preterm delivery in the exposure group were higher than those in the control group, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). Luteinizing hormone level of the exposure group in the follicular phase was lower than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Estradiol level of the exposure group in the follicular phase was also lower than that of the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The scores of tension-anxiety, depression-dejection, rage-hostility, fatigue-inertia, and confusion-bewilderment in the emotional states of the exposure group were higher than those of the control group, while the scores of vigor-activity and digit-symbol coding were lower than those of the control group, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). Conclusion Occupational exposure to HF-EMF has adverse effects on female reproductive health, endocrine, and neurobehavioral function. Health protection measures for occupational exposure to HF-EMF should be strengthened to ensure the reproductive and mental health of the female occupational population.

Objective To investigate the governance requirements for real world data(RWD)in China's medical standards and specifications,summarize key technical aspects of data governance,and provide refer-ences for RWD governance-related research.Methods Computerized searches were conducted in CNKI,Wan-fang Data,VIP,and SinoMed,as well as the official websites of 29 national medical societies and the National Standard Information Public Service Platform,covering all records from inception to December 12,2023.A data extraction form was developed,and the included standards and specifications were categorized according to the first six RWD governance processes outlined in the Guidelines for Real World Data Used to Generate Real-World Evidence(Trial)issued by the National Medical Products Administration:data security,data extraction,data cleaning,data transformation,data transmission and storage,and quality control.Relevant content on data governance was systematically summarized and comparatively analyzed.Results A total of 32 standards and specifications were included,comprising 15 foundational medical data standards and 17 data gov-ernance technical specifications.Among these,6 addressed data security,6 covered data extraction,5 focused on data cleaning,5 involved data transformation,6 pertained to data transmission and storage,and 4 discussed quality control.Foundational medical data standards included data description elements,terminology,and format standards,broadly covering essential data elements and meeting basic standardization needs.Data gov-ernance technical specifications primarily provided general guidelines for medical data governance,emphasizing requirements and recommendations.While requirements for data security and extraction were relatively well-de-fined,technical guidance on data transformation and quality control remained limited,and implementation pathways for data cleaning,transmission,and storage were insufficiently detailed.Conclusions As real-world evidence plays an increasingly critical role in healthcare decision-making,China's medical standards and speci-fications have established a preliminary governance framework for RWD.However,technical details and practi-cal implementation of RWD governance still require further refinement.

Objective To investigate the governance requirements for real world data(RWD)in China's medical standards and specifications,summarize key technical aspects of data governance,and provide refer-ences for RWD governance-related research.Methods Computerized searches were conducted in CNKI,Wan-fang Data,VIP,and SinoMed,as well as the official websites of 29 national medical societies and the National Standard Information Public Service Platform,covering all records from inception to December 12,2023.A data extraction form was developed,and the included standards and specifications were categorized according to the first six RWD governance processes outlined in the Guidelines for Real World Data Used to Generate Real-World Evidence(Trial)issued by the National Medical Products Administration:data security,data extraction,data cleaning,data transformation,data transmission and storage,and quality control.Relevant content on data governance was systematically summarized and comparatively analyzed.Results A total of 32 standards and specifications were included,comprising 15 foundational medical data standards and 17 data gov-ernance technical specifications.Among these,6 addressed data security,6 covered data extraction,5 focused on data cleaning,5 involved data transformation,6 pertained to data transmission and storage,and 4 discussed quality control.Foundational medical data standards included data description elements,terminology,and format standards,broadly covering essential data elements and meeting basic standardization needs.Data gov-ernance technical specifications primarily provided general guidelines for medical data governance,emphasizing requirements and recommendations.While requirements for data security and extraction were relatively well-de-fined,technical guidance on data transformation and quality control remained limited,and implementation pathways for data cleaning,transmission,and storage were insufficiently detailed.Conclusions As real-world evidence plays an increasingly critical role in healthcare decision-making,China's medical standards and speci-fications have established a preliminary governance framework for RWD.However,technical details and practi-cal implementation of RWD governance still require further refinement.