Background: This study investigated the association between thyroid function and the 10-year cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in patients with diabetes. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study analyzed 246 patients with diabetes aged 30 to 79 years (weighted n=1,611,708) from the 2013 to 2014 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Individuals with a history of CVD, thyroid disease, or pregnancy were excluded. Thyroid function was categorized as euthyroid, hypothyroid, or hyperthyroid, based on serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels (reference in Koreans, 0.62–6.86 mIU/L). The 10-year CVD risk was estimated using the Predicting Risk of CVD EVENTs calculator. Results: The mean participant age was 54.3±10.1 years, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.41:1. Although patients with hypothyroid (14.1%) and hyperthyroid (15.7%) statuses showed a higher CVD risk than those with euthyroid status (12.3%), the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.337). However, in the hypothyroid group (n=11), TSH levels showed a moderate correlation with 10-year CVD risk (r=0.603, p<0.05), although this finding should be interpreted with caution owing to the small sample size. After adjusting for diabetes- and thyroid-related variables, TSH level was independently associated with higher estimated 10-year CVD risk, particularly in patients with a glycated hemoglobin level of <7% (adjusted coefficient, 0.17; 95% confidence interval, 0.05–0.29; p<0.05). Conclusion Monitoring TSH levels in patients with well-controlled diabetes may provide additional information regarding the risk of CVD; however, prospective studies are needed to confirm the long-term prognostic value.

Purpose: This study aims to measure the impact of depression, sleep quality, and mental health literacy on the quality of life in patients with breast cancer. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was performed with the participation of 148 hospitalized breast cancer patients. The data analysis utilized independent t-tests, ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation, and stepwise multiple linear regression. Results: The mean score of quality of life was 85.60±9.43, indicating significant differences according to perceived economic status, the time since diagnosis, and the use of hypnotics and antidepressants. Depression, sleep quality, and mental health literacy were found to have a significant association with quality of life. The regression analyses showed that significant predictors on quality of life were depression (β=-.64, p<.001), sleep quality (β=.19, p=.002), and mental health literacy (β=.11, p=.035). These variables explained 61.0% of the impact on the quality of life in the breast cancer patients. Conclusion To enhance the quality of life for breast cancer patients, it will be essential to create a nursing program aimed at reducing depression, improving sleep quality, and enhancing mental health literacy.

Background: This study investigated the associations between transfusion of different types of red blood cell (RBC) preparations and kidney allograft outcomes after kidney transplantation (KT) over a 16-year period in Korea using a nationwide population-based cohort. Methods: We investigated the reported use of RBCs during hospitalization for KT surgery, rejection, and graft failure status using nationwide data from the National Health Information Database (2002–2017). The associations between the type of perioperative RBC product and transplant outcomes were evaluated among four predefined groups: no RBC transfusion, filtered RBCs, washed RBCs, and packed RBCs (pRBCs). Results: A total of 17,754 KT patients was included, among which 8,530 (48.0%) received some type of RBC transfusion. Of the patients who received RBC transfusion, 74.9%, 19.7%, and 5.4% received filtered RBCs, pRBCs, or washed RBCs, respectively. Regardless of the type of RBC products, the proportions of acute rejection and graft failure was significantly greater in patients receiving transfusion (P < 0.001). Cox proportional hazards regression analyses showed that the filtered RBC and pRBC groups were significantly associated with both rejection and graft failure. The washed RBC group also had hazard ratios greater than 1.0 for rejection and graft failure, but the association was not significant. Rejection-free survival of the pRBC group was significantly lower than that of the other groups (P < 0.001, log-rank test), and graft survival for the no RBC transfusion group was significantly greater than in the other groups (P < 0.001, log-rank test). Conclusion Perioperative RBC transfusion was associated with poor graft outcomes.Notably, transfusion of pRBCs significantly increased transplant rejection. Therefore, careful consideration of indications for RBC transfusion and selection of the appropriate type of RBCs is necessary, especially for patients at high risk of rejection or graft failure.

The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a competency tool for new nurses and to pilot-test it with new nurses. A Delphi survey was conducted to develop a competency tool, and a self-evaluation was conducted among new nurses who pilot-tested the finally derived competencies. The Delphi survey panel consisted of 18 people, including adjunct professors at the College of Nursing, nursing managers, and nurses with master’s degrees. The Delphi survey asked about the validity of the competencies constructed in two rounds. After analyzing the Delphi results with mean, standard deviation, content validity ratio, degrees of convergence, and degrees of consensus, 12 core competencies and 36 enabling competencies were finally derived. The competencies consisted of clinical judgment and management (nine items), task competence (four items), patient orientation (five items), moral value orientation (three items), cooperation (two items), supply management (two items), professional development (three items), confidence (one item), self-control (two items), flexibility (two items), influence (one item), and nurturing others (two items). The finally derived competencies were pilot-tested with 229 new nurses who had worked for 2–12 months. The self-evaluation scores of new nurses were distributed differently according to their working period. In this study, the competencies required for new nurses were identified and the corresponding enabling competencies were identified. In the future, it is expected that a competency-based education program will be prepared based on these findings, and furthermore, it will be possible to provide high-quality medical and nursing services that meet patients’ needs by improving the competency of new nurses and lowering the turnover rate.

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the validity and reliability of the Korean version of the Nurse-Nurse Collaboration Behavior Scale developed by Liao et al (K-NNCBS). Methods: Data were collected through an online survey, of 258 nurses working in general or tertiary hospitals. We translated the NNCBS into Korean and evaluated it through content validity, criterion validity, reliability, and confirmatory factor analyses. Results: The factor loading of the 23 items belonging to the four domains ranged from .40 to -.87. The confirmatory factor analysis supported a good model fit (χ2 =578.56, p<.001, CFI=.83, RMSEA=.08, SRMR=.07). Regarding criterion validity, the K-NNCBS was positively correlated with communication competence (r=.54) and negatively correlated with task conflict (r=-.22) and relationship conflict (r=-.29). Cronbach's ⍺ for K-NNCBS rated on a five-point Likert scale was .90. Conclusion These findings show that the K-NNCBS is valid and reliable. This scale can be used to measure the collaboration behaviors among nurses in Korea.

Background and Objectives: Given the major changes in spread of COVID-19 and the contribution of technological innovation, the objective of the current study was to compare the educational needs of thyroid cancer patients between 2012 and 2020. Materials and Methods: The subject of this study were 159 patients in 2012 and 149 patients in 2020 who underwent thyroid cancer surgery. Data were collected from September 2020 to December 2020. Their responses were compared with response for the 2012 survey. The survey contained 36 questions regarding demographics and 5 areas of educational needs (Treatment plan after discharge, Management of the symptom and the complication after surgery, Medication management, Postoperative wound and dietary management, Daily life). Results: The most preferred teaching method for thyroid cancer surgery patients has changed from small group education to self-study with videos. The Internet accounted for the largest proportion of source of information and the preferred educator for the patient were doctors and nurses in both 2012 and 2020. ‘Current disease condition and surgical result’ was the highest ranked in both 2012 and 2020. Conclusion It is necessary to develop and utilize an educational method using video centered on medical team including doctors and nurses.

An 84-year-old woman visited our pain clinic with complaints of low back pain and severe radiating pain in the right lower extremity during walking. The patient demonstrated subacute compression fracture of L3 with vacuum change in lumbar spine plain radiographs and MRI which suggest Kummell’s disease. Despite our conservative treatments, she had little back pain relief. Therefore, we planned a percutaneous vertebroplasty. Manual compression could help perform percutaneous vertebroplasty more effectively by expanding the vertebral body. In addition, the spontaneous recovery of vacuum cleft width using negative pressure could help perform the technique more effectively. We successfully performed percutaneous vertebroplasty using these combination therapies for our patient.

An 84-year-old woman visited our pain clinic with complaints of low back pain and severe radiating pain in the right lower extremity during walking. The patient demonstrated subacute compression fracture of L3 with vacuum change in lumbar spine plain radiographs and MRI which suggest Kummell’s disease. Despite our conservative treatments, she had little back pain relief. Therefore, we planned a percutaneous vertebroplasty. Manual compression could help perform percutaneous vertebroplasty more effectively by expanding the vertebral body. In addition, the spontaneous recovery of vacuum cleft width using negative pressure could help perform the technique more effectively. We successfully performed percutaneous vertebroplasty using these combination therapies for our patient.

PURPOSE: To compare the outcomes in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) treated with intravitreal dexamethasone implants and intravitreal bevacizumab injections.METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was designed using 66 patients with DME treated with intravitreal dexamethasone (n = 35; 35 eyes) and intravitreal bevacizumab (n = 31; 31 eyes). Post-treatment changes in hyperreflective foci in the inner and outer retina were characterized using optical coherence tomography, central macular thickness, outer limiting membrane, and photoreceptor inner segment-outer segment junctions. Visual acuities were analyzed 4 weeks after bevacizumab injections and 8 weeks after dexamethasone injections.RESULTS: Both groups showed a decrease in the number of hyperreflective foci after treatment: from 10.6 ± 11.8 to 6.3 ± 5.9 (p = 0.005) in the intravitreal dexamethasone implant group and from 11.6 ± 8.5 to 7.7 ± 6.7 (p < 0.001) in the intravitreal bevacizumab injection group. The mean central macular thickness in the dexamethasone group changed significantly from 586.8 µm to 297.7 µm after treatment and the visual acuity improved significantly from 0.33 logMAR to 0.38 logMAR after treatment (p < 0.001 and p = 0.018, respectively). The mean central macular thickness in the bevacizumab group showed a significant decrease from 467.1 µm to 353.2 µm after treatment (p < 0.001), but there was no significant change in the visual acuities: 0.34 logMAR to 0.32 logMAR after treatment (p = 0.464).CONCLUSIONS: Both intravitreal dexamethasone implants and bevacizumab treatments in patients with DME showed improved outcomes including a decrease in hyperreflective foci shown by optical coherence tomography.
Bevacizumab ; Cohort Studies ; Dexamethasone ; Humans ; Intravitreal Injections ; Macular Edema ; Membranes ; Retina ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; Visual Acuity

BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to identify the types and incidence of adverse events associated with midazolam, which is the most widely used drug to induce conscious sedation during gastrointestinal endoscopy, and to analyze the factors associated with hypoxemia and sedation failure.METHODS: Of 87,740 patients who underwent gastrointestinal endoscopy between February 2015 and May 2017, the electronic medical records of 335 who reportedly developed adverse events were retrospectively reviewed, and analysis was performed to determine the risk factors for hypoxemia and sedation failure, the two most frequent adverse events among those manifested during gastrointestinal endoscopy.RESULTS: The overall adverse event rate was 0.38% (n = 335); hypoxemia was most frequent, accounting for 40.7% (n = 90), followed by sedation failure (34.8%, n = 77), delayed discharge from the recovery room (22.1%, n = 49), and hypotension (2.2%, n = 5). Compared with the control group, the hypoxemia group did not show any significant differences in sex and body weight, but mean age was significantly older (P < 0.001) and a significantly lower dose of midazolam was administered (P < 0.001). In the group with sedation failure, the mean rate was higher in men (P < 0.001) and a significantly higher dose of midazolam was administered (P < 0.001), but no age difference was found.CONCLUSIONS: Midazolam-based conscious sedation during gastrointestinal endoscopy can lead to various adverse events. In particular, as elderly patients are at higher risk of developing hypoxemia, midazolam dose adjustment and careful monitoring are required in this group.
Aged ; Anoxia ; Body Weight ; Conscious Sedation ; Electronic Health Records ; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal ; Humans ; Hypotension ; Incidence ; Male ; Midazolam ; Recovery Room ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors