Myopic traction maculopathy(MTM)is a common vision-threatening complication in patients with high myopia. With the global increase in high myopia, the prevalence of MTM has been rising worldwide, leading to a growing burden of disease, economic costs,and social impact. The emergence and development of optical coherence tomography(OCT)have provided robust technical support for the staging of MTM. Based on the evolving understanding of its pathological mechanisms and natural course, various staging systems have been proposed and applied in clinical practice, offering crucial guidance for the personalized management of MTM patients. Additionally, innovations and refinements in surgical techniques and materials, such as pars plana vitrectomy(PPV), posterior scleral reinforcement, and macular buckling(MB), have expanded the therapeutic options for MTM. This article systematically reviews the staging systems and treatment strategies for MTM, focusing on the role of OCT-based staging in guiding individualized treatment plans. It also summarizes the current evidence on the efficacy and safety of existing and emerging surgical approaches, including PPV, MB, and their combined procedures. The review further proposes that future research should focus on developing predictive models integrating multimodal data to clarify surgical timing and indications, as well as conducting large-scale, multicenter randomized controlled trials to explore the selection of PPV, MB, or combined surgeries. The review aims to discuss personalized treatment for MTM, providing theoretical foundations and practical directions for optimizing clinical management and improving patient prognosis for MTM patients.

Acute lateral ankle sprain (ALAS) is one of the most common sport injuries, with high incidence, recurrence and disability rates. Currently, exercise rehabilitation-based non-surgical treatment is the primary management approach for ALAS. However, there remain improper practices such as excessive immobilization or uncontrolled activity, which contribute to recurrent sprains and chronic ankle instability, significantly impairing patients′ athletic function and quality of life. To standardize the non-surgical management of ALAS, improve the cure rates, and reduce the recurrence and disability rates, Chinese Sports Rehabilitation Medicine Training Project of Chinese Medical Association, Foot and Ankle Basics and Orthopedics Group, Orthopedic Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association, and Sports Medicine Branch of Jiangsu Medical Association organized relevant experts to formulate Expert consensus on non-surgical treatment for acute lateral ankle sprain ( version 2025), following the principles of scientific vigor, practicality, and innovation. Thirteen recommendations were proposed for standardized treatment protocols across different healing phases, aiming to provide references for standard management of ALAS and improve the therapeutic outcomes.

Acute lateral ankle sprain (ALAS) is one of the most common sport injuries, with high incidence, recurrence and disability rates. Currently, exercise rehabilitation-based non-surgical treatment is the primary management approach for ALAS. However, there remain improper practices such as excessive immobilization or uncontrolled activity, which contribute to recurrent sprains and chronic ankle instability, significantly impairing patients′ athletic function and quality of life. To standardize the non-surgical management of ALAS, improve the cure rates, and reduce the recurrence and disability rates, Chinese Sports Rehabilitation Medicine Training Project of Chinese Medical Association, Foot and Ankle Basics and Orthopedics Group, Orthopedic Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association, and Sports Medicine Branch of Jiangsu Medical Association organized relevant experts to formulate Expert consensus on non-surgical treatment for acute lateral ankle sprain ( version 2025), following the principles of scientific vigor, practicality, and innovation. Thirteen recommendations were proposed for standardized treatment protocols across different healing phases, aiming to provide references for standard management of ALAS and improve the therapeutic outcomes.

Objective:To explore the effect of applying standardized patient teaching based on Calgary-Cambridge communication model in nurse patient communication training for junior college interns, and to enrich the teaching methods of nurse patient communication training in domestic medical institutions.Methods:This study was a quasi-experimental study. In July 2022, 78 students were selected from 335 junior college interns in the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University by random coding method, and were randomly divided into the experimental group (39 students) and the control group (39 students) by lot. The control group received routine training. The experimental group received standardized patient teaching based on Calgary Cambridge communication model: teaching the key points of communication, guiding demonstration based on Calgary Cambridge communication model, and guiding reflection and exploration. The nurse patient communication ability, nurse patient communication practice skills, communication self-efficacy, and teaching satisfaction of the two groups of interns were compared between the two groups after 8 weeks of training.Results:After training, the total score of nurse patient communication ability evaluation in the experimental group was (91.41 ± 5.35) points, higher than that in the control group (88.08 ± 7.40) points, there was significant difference ( t=2.24, P<0.05); after training, the communication self-efficacy score of the experimental group was (30.21 ± 4.28) points, higher than that of the control group (27.94 ± 5.09) points, there was significant difference ( t=2.09, P<0.05); the total score of communication practice skills in the experimental group was (173.59 ± 18.48) points, higher than that in the control group (158.44 ± 15.57) points, there was significant difference ( t=3.82, P<0.05); the total score of communication teaching and training satisfaction in the experimental group was (16.77 ± 2.94) points, higher than that in the control group (15.22 ± 1.90) points, and there was significant difference ( t=2.68, P<0.05). Conclusions:The standardized patient teaching based on Calgary Cambridge communication model can effectively improve the practical skills of nurse patient communication of junior college interns, and promote the improvement of their nurse patient communication self-efficacy, which is conducive to the improvement of nurse patient communication ability junior college intern.

Osteochondral lesion of talus (OLT) is a foot and ankle disease characterized by ankle pain, which may impact the joint function and life quality. If managed improperly, it may lead to a further ankle arthritis, severely compromising the prognosis. The therapeutic effect of conservative treatment for OLT is still uncertain. Surgery is still the main treatment modality for OLT with various techniques. However, the optimized surgical technique is still inconclusive, furthermore, regeneration and repair of cartilage after debridement is also a great challenge for the treatment of OLT. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) with good repair effect on cartilage injury is gradually applied in the treatment of OLT. However, there still lacks the unified understanding of the technique and specification of PRP for the treatment of OLT. Therefore, National Orthopedics Center of Shanghai Sixth People′s Hospital allied Foot Ankle Basic Research & Orthopedics Group, Chinese Association of Orthopedic Surgeons; Foot and Ankle Committee of Chinese Association of Sports Medicine Physicians; and Foot and Ankle Group of Orthopedic Specialized Branch of Shanghai Medical Association to organize related experts to formulate the Expert consensus on platelet- rich plasma treatment for osteochondral lesion of talus ( version2023). Fifteen recommendations were put forward upon PRP preparation, indications, contraindications and treatment methods of PRP for OLT, so as to standardize the PRP treatment for OLT.

Due to various factors, the proportion of infertile couples is increasing. In vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) technology has made it possible for infertile couples to give birth. However, implantation failure has always hindered the development of IVF-ET. Embryo quality and endometrial receptivity are the keys to successful implantation. The implantation process is complicated and involves a variety of cytokines. Among them, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) plays an important role in the implantation process and even the entire pregnancy. At present, there are two opinions about whether hCG perfusion before embryo transfer affects the patient's pregnancy outcome: intrauterine infusion of hCG can improve the patient's pregnancy outcome; intrauterine infusion of hCG may not only not improve the patient's pregnancy rate, and even bring adverse consequences to the patient. But because there is no more uniform standard in the completed researches, the relationship between intrauterine infusion of hCG and embryo implantation is still inconclusive. Now, we summarize their contributions in this paper.

Due to various factors, the proportion of infertile couples is increasing. In vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) technology has made it possible for infertile couples to give birth. However, implantation failure has always hindered the development of IVF-ET. Embryo quality and endometrial receptivity are the keys to successful implantation. The implantation process is complicated and involves a variety of cytokines. Among them, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) plays an important role in the implantation process and even the entire pregnancy. At present, there are two opinions about whether hCG perfusion before embryo transfer affects the patient's pregnancy outcome: intrauterine infusion of hCG can improve the patient's pregnancy outcome; intrauterine infusion of hCG may not only not improve the patient's pregnancy rate, and even bring adverse consequences to the patient. But because there is no more uniform standard in the completed researches, the relationship between intrauterine infusion of hCG and embryo implantation is still inconclusive. Now, we summarize their contributions in this paper.

Objective:To analyze the characteristics of COVID-19 case spectrum and spread intensity in different provinces in China except Hubei province.Methods:The daily incidence data and case information of COVID-19 were collected from the official websites of provincial and municipal health commissions. The morbidity rate, severity rate, case-fatality rate, and spread ratio of COVID-19 were calculated.Results:As of 20 March, 2020, a total of 12 941 cases of COVID-19 had been conformed, including 116 deaths, and the average morbidity rate, severity rate and case-fatality rate were 0.97/100 000, 13.5 % and 0.90 %, respectively. The morbidity rates in Zhejiang (2.12/100 000), Jiangxi (2.01/100 000) and Beijing (1.93/100 000) ranked top three. The characteristics of COVID-19 case spectrum varied from province to province. The first three provinces (autonomous region, municipality) with high severity rates were Tianjin (45.6 %), Xinjiang (35.5 %) and Heilongjiang (29.5 %). The case-fatality rate was highest in Xinjiang (3.95 %), followed by Hainan (3.57 %) and Heilongjiang (2.70 %). The average spread ratio was 0.98 and the spread intensity varied from province to province. Tibet had the lowest spread ratio (0), followed by Qinghai (0.20) and Guangdong (0.23). Conclusion:The intervention measures were effective in preventing the spread of COVID-19 and improved treatment effect in China. However, there were significant differences among different regions in severity, case-fatality rate and spread ratio.

Objective: Adiponectin (APN) is an endogenous cytokine that mediates the development and progression of various tumors through its receptors (AdipoRs). The present study aimed to detect the expression and distribution of APN and its receptors (AdipoR1 and AdipoR2) in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC). Moreover, we explored whether the locoregional expression of APN was reg-ulated by HIF-1α in the hypoxic microenvironment. Methods: The expression and distribution of APN and its receptors in TSCC tissues were analyzed by immunohistochemical. Lentiviral expression vector for HIF-1α shRNA was constructed and stably transfected in TSCC cells to knock down HIF-1α expression. The mRNA and protein expression levels of APN and its receptors were detected using RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively, after hypoxic treatment. Results: The locoregional expression of APN and AdipoR1, but not AdipoR2, was upregulated at the early stages of T1, T2, and/or N0 stage, respectively, in tumor tissues compared to that in control paracancer-ous tissues (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The expression of APN and AdipoR1, but not AdipoR2, in TSCC cells was up-regulated on hypoxic treat-ment. Moreover, the expression of APN and AdipoR1 was down-regulated after shRNA knockdown of HIF-1α under hypoxia. Conclu-sions: The APN-AdipoR1 signaling pathway was activated and regulated by HIF-1α in the hypoxic environment of TSCC tissues.

Ketogulonigenium vulgare is an acid-producing strain in the process of two-step vitamin C fermentation. L-sorbosone dehydrogenase (SNDH) is one of the key enzymes during the biosynthesis of 2-keto-L-gulonic acid (2-KGA), the precursor of vitamin C. However, the catalytic mechanism of SNDH is unclear. According to the whole genome sequencing of K. vulgare, two genes encoding sorbosone dehydrogenases, one derived from the chromosome (named as sndhg) and one from plasmid (named as sndhp), were introduced into an industrial strain K. vulgare. The overexpression of gene sndhg had hardly effect on 2-KGA production, and the overexpression of gene sndhp produced an obvious byproduct in the fermentation broth. Combinational expression of sndhg/sndhp with pqqA (obtaining sndhg-pqqA and sndhp-pqqA modules) in K. vulgare resulted in the similar fermentation phenotype to two previous strains. After serial sub-cultivation of co-cultured Bacillus endophyticus with each engineered K. vulgare for 50 d, the conversion rate of 2-KGA increased by 15.4%, 179%, 0.65% and 125% compared with that of the parental K. vulgare with B. endophyticus. This study shows that adaptive evolution of microbial consortium is an effective strategy to increase the fitness between functional modules and chassis, thus quickly getting better strains for production of 2-KGA.
Aldehyde Oxidoreductases ; genetics ; metabolism ; Ascorbic Acid ; Bacillus ; Bacterial Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Coculture Techniques ; Fermentation ; Industrial Microbiology ; Microorganisms, Genetically-Modified ; Rhodobacteraceae ; enzymology ; genetics ; Sugar Acids ; metabolism