Objective To investigate the cardiac protective effect of Taohong Tongluo granules on coronary microvascular dysfunction(CMD)rats.Methods SD rats were randomly assigned to sham-operated group,CMD group,nicorandil group(5 mg/kg),or Taohong Tongluo granule group(50 mg/kg).Animals were administered corresponding drugs for 7 d according to the grouping,and the CMD model was prepared 2 h after the last administration.The rat CMD model was induced by injecting embolization microspheres(diameter 40-120 μm,approximately 1 000 microspheres)into the left ventricular cavity.Twenty-four hours after modeling,echocardiography was performed to measure the left ventricular ejection fraction(EF),fractional shortening(FS),and end-diastolic volume(EDV).The damaged myocardial area was assessed by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride(TTC)staining.Myocardial morphological changes were observed by hematoxylin-eosin(H-E)staining.The protein expression levels of NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing protein 3(NLRP3),apoptosis-associated speck-like protein(ASC),and cysteine aspartic acid specific protease(caspase)-1 in rat myocardial tissue were detected by immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting.Results Echocardiography showed that the EF and FS values in the Taohong Tongluo granule group,CMD group,and nicorandil group were significantly lower than those in the sham-operated group(all P＜0.001).The EF and FS values in the Taohong Tongluo granule group and nicorandil group were significantly higher than those in the CMD group(all P＜0.01).However,there were no significant differences in EDV among the groups(all P＞0.05).H-E staining showed no abnormalities in the myocardium in the sham-operated group.The CMD group exhibited microsphere embolism in the myocardium,myocardial cell dissolution and rupture,and inflammatory infiltration.The lesions in the nicorandil group and the Taohong Tongluo granule group were relatively milder,and the number of thrombi in both groups was lower than that in the CMD group(both P＜0.01).The results of TTC staining indicated that the areas of damaged myocardial regions in both the nicorandil group and the Taohong Tongluo granule group were smaller than that in the CMD group(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Moreover,the area in the Taohong Tongluo granule group was smaller than that in the nicorandil group(P＜0.05).The results of immunohistochemical staining showed that in the CMD model,the expression of ASC and caspase-1 proteins,as well as the number of positive cells for these proteins,was increased and was distributed in myocardial and interstitial cells.The numbers of ASC and caspase-1 positive cells in the Taohong Tongluo granule group were lower than that in the CMD group(both P＜0.01).The Western blotting showed that the expression levels of NLRP3,ASC,and caspase-1 proteins in the Taohong Tongluo granule group were all lower than those in the CMD group(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Taohong Tongluo granules can improve cardiac function,ameliorate hemodynamic parameters,and reduce myocardial infarction area in rats with CMD induced by microsphere embolism.The mechanism is related to the inhibition of myocardial inflammasome activation,thereby attenuating the myocardial injuries.

The correspondence between prescription and syndrome is the advantage and characteristic of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)treatment.However,the pathogenesis of clinical diseases is complex and the condition is changeable,and the clinical application is difficult to achieve the maximum effect under the existing cognition of the correspondence between prescription and syndrome.In this paper,the five categories of physiological characteristics,pathological characteristics,constitution,syndrome,and disease of the longitudinal classification of"TCM state"are introduced into the correspondence of prescription and syndrome.Under the vertical perspective of"TCM state",the theoretical connotation of the correspondence between prescription and syndrome is interpreted as"correspondence between prescription and state",namely correspondence of"prescription-physiological characteristics",correspondence of"prescription-pathological characteristics",correspondence of"prescription-constitution",correspondence of"prescription-syndrome",and correspondence of"prescription-disease".It is hoped to accurately grasp the corresponding connotation of the correspondence between prescription and syndrome,in order to deepen the clinical thinking mode of TCM.

Objective:To evaluate the relationship between preoperative sarcopenia and severe pulmonary complications after cardiac surgery in elderly patients.Methods:Elderly patients undergoing elective open heart surgery in our hospital were collected and divided into non-sarcopenia group and sarcopenia group, according to the diagnostic criteria updated and revised by the Asian Sarcopenia Working Group in 2019. The outcome measure was the development of severe postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs). The general information of patients and various indexes of surgical conditions were recorded. Risk factors for severe PPCs were identified by multivariate logistic regression analysis. The accuracy of sarcopenia score, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Physical Status classification, and combination of ASA Physical Status classification and sarcopenia score in predicting severe PPCs was assessed using the receiver operating characteristic curve.Results:A total of 158 patients were finally enrolled, including 36 patients with sarcopenia (22.7%), and the incidence of severe PPCs was 22.2%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that ASA classification, sarcopenia, and duration of surgery were independent risk factors for severe PPCs after cardiac surgery in elderly patients ( P<0.05), and the risk of severe PPCs was approximately 3.21 times higher in sarcopenic patients than in non-sarcopenic patients. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of sarcopenia score, ASA Physical Status classification, and ASA Physical Status classification combined with sarcopenia score in predicting severe PPCs were 0.686 (95% confidence interval [ CI] 0.607-0.757), 0.603 (95% CI 0.522-0.680), and 0.714 (95% CI 0.637-0.783), respectively. Conclusions:Preoperative sarcopenia is an independent risk factor for severe PPCs after cardiac surgery in elderly patients, and the preoperative sarcopenia in combination with ASA Physical Status classification in predicting severe PPCs has a certain accuracy.

Objective To investigate the predictive value of preoperative frailty for pulmonary com-plications(PPCs)after cardiac surgery in elderly patients.Methods A total of 162 elderly patients,109 males and 53 females,aged 65-83 years,BMI 18-36 kg/m2,ASA physical status Ⅱ-Ⅳ,underwent elec-tive open heart surgery from July 2022 to January 2023 were collected.The patients were divided into two groups according to the occurrence of PPCs:the PPCs group(n=57)and the non-PPCs group(n=105).General information,smoking history,alcohol consumption history,EuroSCORE Ⅱ,frailty,chronic comorbidities(hypertension,diabetes mellitus,myocardial infarction,pulmonary hypertension,chronic ob-structive pulmonary disease,sleep apnea syndrome,etc.),Hb,creatinine,albumin,pulmonary function indices,left ventricular ejection fraction,type of surgery,duration of surgery,aortic clamping time,and cardiopulmonary bypass time were collected.Factors with P＜0.2 and clinically significant in the univariate regression analysis were included in the multivariate logistic regression analysis,and the predictive efficacy of the Fried frailty scale and EuroSCORE Ⅱ for PPCs were compared by the area under the ROC curve(AUC).Results PPCs occurred in 57 patients(35.2％).Multifactorial Logistic regression analysis showed that frailty(OR=3.14,95％CI 1.05-9.37,P＜0.05)and EuroSCORE Ⅱ(OR=2.16,95％CI 1.01-4.60,P＜0.05)were risk factors for the development of PPCs.The predictive power of Fried frailty scale(AUC=0.76,95％CI 0.68-0.82)was significantly higher than that of EuroSCORE Ⅱ(AUC=0.65,95％CI 0.57-0.72)(P＜0.05).Conclusion Preoperative frailty is the independent risk factors for pulmonary complications after cardiac surgery in elderly patients,and the Fried frailty scale has a better predictive efficacy compared to EuroSCORE Ⅱ,a traditional risk predictor.

Objective:To provide references for the vestibular function stability training of military pilots by evaluating the stability of vestibular function of military pilots.Methods:An electric swivel chair was used to train the vestibular function stability of military pilots. According to the order of admission, they were divided into 21-30 years old, 31-40 years old, 41-50 years old and ≥51 years old group, with 30 pilots in each group. The changes of excellent rate, good rate, qualified rate, unqualified rate and tolerance time of the stability of vestibular function by training were compared among different age groups, and the correlation between age and tolerance time was analyzed.Results:There were significant differences of unqualified rate in pilots aged 31-40 and ≥51 years group before and after training ( χ2=4.32, 4.80, Ρ=0.038, 0.028). The failure rate after training was lower than that before training, with a significant difference ( χ2=13.02, P<0.001). The total tolerance time was higher than that before training, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=17.61, P<0.001). The stability tolerance time of pilots in different age groups after vestibular function training were increased compared with that before training, and the differences were statistically significant ( t=6.50, 8.82, 9.48, 13.56, all P<0.001). The stability of vestibular function of military pilots gradually declined with the increase of age, and there was a negative correlation between age and training tolerance time ( r=-0.38, P<0.001). Conclusions:The training of electric swivel chair can improve the vestibular function stability of military pilots, increase the tolerance time, and enhance the tolerance ability of military pilots when vestibular function is stimulated.

Objective:To provide references for the vestibular function stability training of military pilots by evaluating the stability of vestibular function of military pilots.Methods:An electric swivel chair was used to train the vestibular function stability of military pilots. According to the order of admission, they were divided into 21-30 years old, 31-40 years old, 41-50 years old and ≥51 years old group, with 30 pilots in each group. The changes of excellent rate, good rate, qualified rate, unqualified rate and tolerance time of the stability of vestibular function by training were compared among different age groups, and the correlation between age and tolerance time was analyzed.Results:There were significant differences of unqualified rate in pilots aged 31-40 and ≥51 years group before and after training ( χ2=4.32, 4.80, Ρ=0.038, 0.028). The failure rate after training was lower than that before training, with a significant difference ( χ2=13.02, P<0.001). The total tolerance time was higher than that before training, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=17.61, P<0.001). The stability tolerance time of pilots in different age groups after vestibular function training were increased compared with that before training, and the differences were statistically significant ( t=6.50, 8.82, 9.48, 13.56, all P<0.001). The stability of vestibular function of military pilots gradually declined with the increase of age, and there was a negative correlation between age and training tolerance time ( r=-0.38, P<0.001). Conclusions:The training of electric swivel chair can improve the vestibular function stability of military pilots, increase the tolerance time, and enhance the tolerance ability of military pilots when vestibular function is stimulated.

Due to various factors, the proportion of infertile couples is increasing. In vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) technology has made it possible for infertile couples to give birth. However, implantation failure has always hindered the development of IVF-ET. Embryo quality and endometrial receptivity are the keys to successful implantation. The implantation process is complicated and involves a variety of cytokines. Among them, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) plays an important role in the implantation process and even the entire pregnancy. At present, there are two opinions about whether hCG perfusion before embryo transfer affects the patient's pregnancy outcome: intrauterine infusion of hCG can improve the patient's pregnancy outcome; intrauterine infusion of hCG may not only not improve the patient's pregnancy rate, and even bring adverse consequences to the patient. But because there is no more uniform standard in the completed researches, the relationship between intrauterine infusion of hCG and embryo implantation is still inconclusive. Now, we summarize their contributions in this paper.

Due to various factors, the proportion of infertile couples is increasing. In vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) technology has made it possible for infertile couples to give birth. However, implantation failure has always hindered the development of IVF-ET. Embryo quality and endometrial receptivity are the keys to successful implantation. The implantation process is complicated and involves a variety of cytokines. Among them, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) plays an important role in the implantation process and even the entire pregnancy. At present, there are two opinions about whether hCG perfusion before embryo transfer affects the patient's pregnancy outcome: intrauterine infusion of hCG can improve the patient's pregnancy outcome; intrauterine infusion of hCG may not only not improve the patient's pregnancy rate, and even bring adverse consequences to the patient. But because there is no more uniform standard in the completed researches, the relationship between intrauterine infusion of hCG and embryo implantation is still inconclusive. Now, we summarize their contributions in this paper.

Objective To evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine on endoplasmic reticulum stress during intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in mice.Methods Thirty SPF healthy male C57BL/6 mice,aged 8 weeks,were divided into 3 groups (n=10 each) using a random number table method:sham operation group (S group),intestinal I/R group (I/R group) and dexmedetomidine group (DEX group).The superior mesenteric artery was only isolated but not clamped in S group.The model of intestinal I/R injury was established by clamping superior mesenteric artery for 20 min followed by 24 h of reperfusion in I/R group and DEX group.Dexmedetomidine 25 μg/kg was intraperitoneally injected at 30 min before ischemia in DEX group,while the equal volume of normal saline was given instead of dexmedetomidine in S group and I/R group.Mice were sacrificed at 24 h of reperfusion,and small intestinal tissues was obtained for examination of the pathological changes and ultrastructure of intestinal epithelial cells and for determination of cell apoptosis,expression of CCAAT-enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP),transcription factors (ATF4),and X-4 box binding protein 1 (XBP1) mRNA (by real-time polymerase chain reaction),and expression of CHOP,Bcl-2,Bax and caspase-3 in intestinal tissues (by Western bolt).The apoptosis index (AI) and ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax were calculated.Intestinal damage was assessed and scored according to Chiu.Results Compared with S group,Chiu's score and AI were significantly increased,the expression of CHOP,ATF4 and XBP-1 mRNA,CHOP,Bax and caspase-3 was up-regulated,and the expression of Bcl-2 was down-regulated,and Bcl-2/Bax ratio was decreased in I/R group and DEX group (P＜0.05).Compared with I/R group,Chiu's score and AI were significantly decreased,the expression of CHOP,ATF4 and XBP-1 mRNA,CHOP,Bax and caspase-3 was down-regulated,and the expression of Bcl-2 was up-regulated,and Bcl-2/Bax ratio was increased in DEX group (P＜0.05).Conclusion The mechanism by which dexmedetomidine reduces intestinal I/R injury may be related to regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress and inhibiting cell apoptosis in mice.