Objective To assess the evolving disease burden of esophageal and gastric cancers in China from 1990 to 2021, with a focus on gender disparities, and construct a predictive model to forecast disease trends from 2022 to 2031, aiming to optimize targeted prevention strategies. Methods Epidemiological data for esophageal and gastric cancers in China (1990-2021) were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database. Temporal trends were analyzed using Joinpoint regression (version 4.9.1.0), and future trends were predicted via the GM (1, 1) model under grey system theory. Results From 1990 to 2021, tobacco- and alcohol-attributable burdens of esophageal cancer increased, while tobacco- and diet-related burdens of gastric cancer showed no significant change. Deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) for esophageal cancer rose by 40.61% and 17.89%, respectively; gastric cancer deaths increased by 18.95%, though DALY decreased by 1.22%. Both cancers exhibited significant declines in age-standardized mortality rates (−45.78% for esophageal cancer, −53.29% for gastric cancer) and age-standardized DALY rates (−51.45% for esophageal cancer, −57.58% for gastric cancer). China’s age-standardized mortality and DALY rates for both cancers remained consistently higher than global averages. Males exhibited disproportionately higher burdens than females. Predictive modeling projected continued but decelerating declines in disease burdens for both cancers by 2031. Conclusion Over three decades, China achieves measurable reductions in esophageal and gastric cancer burdens, though gastric cancer burdens remain higher than esophageal cancer. Persistent disparities relative to global levels, elevated male burdens, and aging demographics highlight the urgency for prioritized interventions targeting high-risk populations.

OBJECTIVE To solve the problem of insolubility of itraconazole, improve its dissolution in vitro, and provide a reference for further industrial scale-up of the itraconazole multiparticle system. METHODS Itraconazole multiparticle system pellets were dissolved in an organic solvent and prepared in a fluidized bed by bottom spraying. Itraconazole and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose were sprayed onto the surface of the sucrose pellet core to form a uniform solid dispersion. The preparation parameters of the fluidized bed bottom spray coating were investigated by single factor method. The mass ratio of drug to carrier and core weight gain of the itraconazole multiparticle system were optimized by central composite design and response surface methodology with accumulative dissolution rate, application efficiency and adhesion rate as response values. Samples were prepared to verify the optimized prescription, the microscopic hierarchical structure of the itraconazole multiparticle system was observed by scanning electron microscope, and the solid dispersion in the itraconazole multiparticle system pellets was characterized by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) and X-ray diffraction(XRD). The dissolution curves of itraconazole pellets and the physical mixture in 0.1 mol·L−1 HCl dissolution medium were compared to verify the solubilization effect. RESULTS Single factor method was used to determine the bottom spray coating parameters of the fluidized bed. The pumping speed was set as 3.0−5.0 mL·min−1, the atomization pressure was set as 1.5 bar, the inlet air volume was set as 110 m3·h−1, and the material temperature was set as 35 ℃. According to the central composite design and response surface methodology, the mass ratio of drug to carrier of the optimized prescription was 1∶1.5 and the core weight of the pill was 75%, and the response values reached the expected value. The result of scanning electron microscopy showed that the diameter of the itraconazole multiparticle system pellet was about 910 µm, the diameter of the sucrose pellet core was about 570 µm, the thickness of the drug loading layer was about 110 µm, and the thickness of encapsulation layer was about 11 µm. The results of DSC and XRD showed that itraconazole formed a uniform solid dispersion in the itraconazole multiparticle system pellets, which was amorphous. In the dissolution medium of 0.1 mol·L−1 HCl, the accumulative dissolution rate of the multiparticle system after 90 min was about 10 times that of the physical mixture, which showed that the solubilization effect was remarkable. CONCLUSION The dissolution of itraconazole in vitro can be significantly improved by processing itraconazole into pellets with multiparticle system and forming solid dispersion.

Objective:To investigate the mechanism of immunomodulatory effects of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells(UC-MSCs)modified by miR-125b-5p on systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE).Methods:The expression level of miR-125b-5p was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR in UC-MSCs and peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs)from SLE patients and health checkers.Annexin V-FITC/PI apoptosis detection kit was used to detect the effect of miR-125b-5p on apoptosis of UC-MSCs.MRL/lpr mice in each group were injected with UC-MSCs via tail vein,and T-lymphocyte subsets in the spleen of the MRL/lpr mice were detected by flow cytometry after 5 weeks.The expression levels of interleukin(IL)-4 and IL-17A in serum of MRL/lpr mice were detected by ELISA.Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe the pathological manifestations of the lungs and kidneys of the MRL/lpr mice.Results:miR-125b-5p was significantly down-regulated in PBMCs of SLE patients compared with healthy controls(P＜0.01).Compared with the UC-MSCs group,the expression of miR-125b-5p in UC-MSCs modified by miR-125b-5p group was increased(P＜0.01).The survival rate of UC-MSCs was significantly increased by miR-125b-5p(P＜0.01).Compared with the untreated group of MRL/lpr mice,the expression level of IL-4 in serum was increased(P＜0.05);the expression level of IL-17A was decreased(P＜0.05);the proportion of Th17 cells in the spleen of MRL/lpr mice was decreased(P＜0.05);the inflammatory cells infiltration and micro-thrombosis of lungs and kidneys of MRL/lpr mice were significantly reduced in the UC-MSCs modified by miR-125b-5p treatment group.Conclusion:UC-MSCs modified by miR-125b-5p have immunomodulatory effects on systemic lupus erythematosus.

Objective:To explore the real experience and needs of lymphoma patients during chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy, so as to provide guidance for developing nursing intervention strategies.Methods:The phenomenological research method was used to conduct semi-structured interviews with 13 lymphoma patients receiving CAR-T therapy, and the interview data was analyzed using the Colaizzi 7-step analysis method.Results:Three themes were extracted, including diverse symptom perception (systemic symptoms such as fever and fatigue, as well as multiple system symptoms such as breathing, digestion, and nerves), complex emotional experience interweaving (coexistence of hope and doubt, changes and loss of environmental adaptability, and a variety of negative emotions), and urgent social needs (treatment related information needs, desire for medical and nursing staff's attention and help, family emotional support, and home rehabilitation continuing care) .Conclusions:Lymphoma patients experience significant physical and mental pain during CAR-T therapy. Medical and nursing staff should provide patients with comprehensive support to help them identify and improve physical discomfort symptoms, reduce psychological burden, meet physical and mental needs, and promote disease recovery.

Objectives:To investigate the association between social determinants of health(SDOH)and incident stroke and analyze the main risk factors for stroke among resident with different SDOH levels. Methods:From 2012 to 2015,30 036 residents(≥35 years old)from 30 districts in 14 provincial-level administrative divisions in China were enrolled this study based on stratified multi-stage-random-sampling method.The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and related risk factors were investigated,and stroke events were followed up in 2018 to 2019.Principal component analysis was performed to establish SDOH scores based on 9 indicators related to socioeconomic and healthcare resources,participants were divided into low SDOH group(n=8 343)when it was≥-2.01 to<-1.14,middle SDOH group(n=7 257)when it was≥-1.14 to<0.10,and high SDOH group(n=8 457)when it was≥0.10 to≤5.79.Multivariate Cox regression was applied to estimate the association of SDOH levels with incident stroke.The random survival forest method was used to analyze the major risk factors in different SDOH levels. Results:A total of 24 057 participants were finally included,669(2.8%)participants developed stroke during a mean of(4.7±0.8)years follow-up.The incidence densities of stroke in the low,medium,and high SDOH groups were 468.39,628.85,and 700.39/100 000 person-years,respectively(Pdifference<0.05,Ptrend=0.01).Compared with individuals with low SDOH level group,fully HR for incident stroke among those with medium and high were 1.91(95%CI:1.54-2.36)and 1.59(95%CI:1.30-1.95),respectively(Ptrend<0.001).Advanced age is the primary risk factor for stroke in the population,especially in districts with high SDOH level.In districts with medium SDOH level,diabetes is an important risk factor for stroke.High blood pressure and alcohol consumption are important modifiable risk factors in low SDOH level districts. Conclusions:Present study shows that higher levels of SDOH are associated with increased risk of stroke.The main risk factors for stroke differ among participants with different SDOH level districts.Targeted interventions should be implemented to improve the prevention and treatment of stroke in populations with different levels of SDOH.

Objective : To investigate the imunomodulatory effects of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells(UC⁃MSCs) modified by miR⁃125b⁃5p through JAK2/STAT3 pathway on systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) . Methods: UC⁃MSCs were isolated and cultured under aseptic conditions ; Peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( PBMCs)were separated from SLE patients by density gradient centrifugation. The relative expressions of IL⁃17A , Foxp3 ,IFN⁃γ , IL⁃4 genes in PBMCs cultured with UC⁃MSCs for 48 h were detected by RT⁃qPCR; The relative expressions of JAK2 , p ⁃JAK2 , STAT3 , p ⁃STAT3 and IL⁃18 proteins in kidney tissues of MRL/lpr mice were detected by west⁃ern blot. Results : Compared with the PBMCs culture group , the expression of IFN⁃γ and IL⁃17A and the propor⁃tion of Th17/Treg cells were significantly down⁃regulated in UC⁃MSCs + miR⁃125b⁃5p group , UC⁃MSCs + miR⁃NC group and UC⁃MSCs group(P < 0. 01) , the expression of the proportion of Th1/Th2 cells (P < 0. 05) was down⁃regulated in UC⁃MSCs + miR⁃125b⁃5p group and UC⁃MSCs + miR⁃NC group ; Compared with the untreated group of MRL/lpr mice , the relative expressions of JAK2 , p ⁃JAK2 , STAT3 , p ⁃STAT3 and IL⁃18 proteins in kidney tissues of MRL/lpr mice were significantly down⁃regulated in UC⁃MSCs + miR⁃125b⁃5p group (P < 0. 01) , and the rela⁃tive expressions of IL⁃18 proteins was significantly down⁃regulated in UC⁃MSCs + miR⁃NC group and UC⁃MSCs group (P < 0. 01) . Conclusion miR⁃125b⁃5p plays a synergistic role in UC⁃MSCs ,which regulates the differenti⁃ation of Th2 cells in PBMCs of SLE patients and the relative expressions of p ⁃JAK2/JAK2 , p ⁃STAT3/STAT3 , and IL⁃18 proteins in kidney tissues of MRL/lpr mice. UC⁃MSCs modified by miR⁃125b⁃5p may play immunomodulato⁃ry effect on SLE by JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.

OBJECTIVE：To establish the method for the content determination of 7 components，such as puerarin ， 3′-methoxypuerarin，daidzein，rutin，hesperidin，salvianolic acid A and quercetin ，in Zhengxin jiangzhi tablets ，and conduct cluster heatmap analysis. METHODS ：HPLC method was adopted. The separation was performed on Kromasil C 18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile- 0.1％ formic acid solution （gradient elution ）at the flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. The detection wavelength was set at 280 nm，and the column temperature was 25 ℃. The sample size was 10 μL. Taking the content data as the object，the cluster heatmap was drawn by Hiplot scientific research mapping platform. RESULTS ：The linear range of puerarin ， 3′-methoxypuerarin，daidzein，rutin，hesperidin，salvianolic acid A and quercetin were 17.00-170.00（r＝0.999 9），5.14-51.40（r＝ 0.999 8），3.00-30.00（r＝0.999 8），153.00-1 530.00（r＝0.999 9），7.88-78.75（r＝0.999 8），2.85-28.50（r＝0.999 9）and 11.34-113.40 μg/mL（r＝0.999 8），respectively. RSDs of precision ，stability（24 h）and repeatability tests were all less than 2％； the average recoveries were 99.58％（RSD＝0.83％，n＝6），100.31％（RSD＝1.17％，n＝6），100.61％（RSD＝1.08％，n＝6）， 100.05％（RSD＝0.82％，n＝6），100.31％（RSD＝1.38％，n＝6），100.31％（RSD＝0.85％，n＝6），99.85％（RSD＝1.01％， n＝6），respectively. The contents of above components in 10 batches of samples were 7.262 5-8.941 5，2.464 9-3.068 9，1.478 9- 1.883 4，58.632 8-79.408 3，3.569 4-4.500 6，1.077 6-1.341 5，1.139 7-5.957 0 mg/g，respectively. Results of cluster heatmap analysis showed that 10 batches of samples could be divided into 4 categories，including S 1-S3 as one category ，S4 as one category，S5-S6 as one category and S 7-S10 as one category. CONCLUSIONS ：The established method is simple ，accurate and specific，which can be used for the quality control of Zhengxin jiangzhi tablets ，combined with cluster heatmap analysis. There are some differences in the quality of different batches of samples.

Objective: To explore the efficacy and prognostic factors of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for the treatment of patients with anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) . Methods: The clinical records of 33 ALCL patients after HSCT were collected and analyzed retrospectively to evaluate the rates of overall survival (OS) and recurrence after autologous (auto-HSCT) and allogeneic HSCT (allo-HSCT) and the factors influencing prognosis. Results: The median-age of this cohort of 33 ALCL cases at diagnosis was 31 (12-57) years old with a male/female ratio of 23/10, 24 cases (72.7%) were ALK⁺ and 9 ones (27.3%) ALK^-. Of them, 25 patients (19 ALK⁺ and 6 ALK^-) underwent auto-HSCT and 8 cases (5 ALK⁺ and 3ALK^-) allo-HSCT with a median follow-up of 18.7 (4.0-150.0) months. Disease states before HSCT were as follows: only 6 patients achieved CR status and received auto-HSCT, 16 patients achieved PR (14 cases by auto-HSCT and 2 ones allo-HSCT) , the rest 11 cases were refractory/relapse (5 cases by auto-HSCT and 6 ones allo-HSCT) . There were 7 cases died of disease progression (5 after auto-HSCT and 2 allo-HSCT) and 5 cases treatment-related mortality (TRM) (2 after auto-HSCT and 3 allo-HSCT) , TRM of two groups were 8.0% and 37.5%, respectively. Both the median progression-free survival (PFS) and OS were 15 months after auto-HSCT, the median PFS and OS after allo-HSCT were 3.7 (1.0-90.0) and 4.6 (1.0-90.0) months, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in terms of survival curves between the two groups (OS and PFS, P=0.247 and P=0.317) . The 2-year OS rates in auto-HSCT and allo-HSCT groups were 72% and 50%, respectively. The 5-year OS rates in auto-HSCT and allo-HSCT groups were 36% and 25%, respectively. Conclusion ALCL treated by chemotherapy produced high rates of overall and complete responses. Chemotherapy followed by auto-HSCT remained to be good choice for patients with poor prognostic factors. High-risk patients should be considered more beneficial from allo-HSCT.

Objective:To establish a new model for the prediction of severe outcomes of COVID-19 patients and provide more comprehensive, accurate and timely indicators for the early identification of severe COVID-19 patients.Methods:Based on the patients’ admission detection indicators, mild or severe status of COVID-19, and dynamic changes in admission indicators (the differences between indicators of two measurements) and other input variables, XGBoost method was applied to establish a prediction model to evaluate the risk of severe outcomes of the COVID-19 patients after admission. Follow up was done for the selected patients from admission to discharge, and their outcomes were observed to evaluate the predicted results of this model.Results:In the training set of 100 COVID-19 patients, six predictors with higher scores were screened and a prediction model was established. The high-risk range of the predictor variables was calculated as: blood oxygen saturation <94 %, peripheral white blood cells count >8.0×10 9, change in systolic blood pressure <-2.5 mmHg, heart rate >90 beats/min, multiple small patchy shadows, age >30 years, and change in heart rate <12.5 beats/min. The prediction sensitivity of the model based on the training set was 61.7 %, and the missed diagnosis rate was 38.3 %. The prediction sensitivity of the model based on the test set was 75.0 %, and the missed diagnosis rate was 25.0 %. Conclusions:Compared with the traditional prediction (i.e. using indicators from the first test at admission and the critical admission conditions to assess whether patients are in mild or severe status), the new model’s prediction additionally takes into account of the baseline physiological indicators and dynamic changes of COVID-19 patients, so it can predict the risk of severe outcomes in COVID-19 patients more comprehensively and accurately to reduce the missed diagnosis of severe COVID-19.

Objective: To evaluate clinical outcomes of autologous (auto-HSCT) and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) for angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) . Methods: From June 2007 to June 2017, clinical data of AITL patients who underwent HSCT in eight hospitals were assessed retrospectively. Results: Of 19 patients, 13 male and 6 female with a median age of 50 (32-60) years old, 12 auto-HSCT and 7 allo-HSCT recipients were enrolled in this study, all donors were HLA-identical siblings. Two of allo-HSCT recipients were relapsed auto-HSCT ones. There were 5 patients (5/12) in complete response (CR) status and 7 (7/12) in partial remission (PR) status before transplantation in auto-HSCT group, and 2 (2/7) in PR status and 3 (3/7) in progression disease (PD) status before transplantation in allo-HSCT group. The median follow-up for the surviving patients was 46.5 months (range, 1-100 months) for the whole series, two patients lost in auto-HSCT group. Three patients developed acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) and 5 chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) after allo-HSCT. Three patients died of primary disease and 1bleeding in auto-HSCT group. One patient died of primary disease and 2 transplantation-related mortality in allo-HSCT group. The 3-year cumulative overall survival (OS) were 56% (95%CI 32%-100%) and 57% (95%CI 30%-100%) for auto-HSCT and allo-HSCT, respectively (P=0.979) . The 3-year cumulative progression-free survival (PFS) were 34% (95%CI 14%-85%) and 57% (95%CI 30%-100%) for auto-HSCT and allo-HSCT, respectively (P=0.451) . Conclusion Both auto-HSCT and allo-HSCT were optimal choices for AITL. In clinical practice, which HSCT was better for AITL patients should be based on comprehensive factors including sensitivity to chemotherapy, risk stratification and disease status at transplantation.