Objective To compare the in vitro degradation rate,cytotoxicity,in vivo osteogenic ability,and in vivo biotoxicity of a new type of biodegradable implant material Zn-2Cu-xSr(x=0,0.5,and 1 wt.％)alloy and evaluate its application prospects in the orthopedic field.Methods The in vitro degradation ability of Zn,Zn-2Cu,Zn-2Cu-0.5Sr,Zn-2Cu-1Sr,and Ti materials was evaluated by pH moni-toring and material degradation rate.Cell proliferation experiment and cytoskeleton fluorescence staining were used to compare the in vitro cell compatibility of Zn,Zn-2Cu,Zn-2Cu-0.5Sr,Zn-2Cu-1Sr,and blank control.Micro-computed tomography(CT)scanning and bone min-eral density detection were used to evaluate the in vivo osteogenic ability of Zn,Zn-2Cu,Zn-2Cu-0.5Sr,and Zn-2Cu-1Sr.HE staining was used to compare the in vivo biotoxicity of Zn-2Cu-1Sr and blank control.Results There were no statistical differences in the pH values between the Zn,Zn-2Cu,Zn-2Cu-0.5Sr,Zn-2Cu-1Sr,and Ti groups(P＞0.05).The degradation rate in the Zn-2Cu-0.5Sr group was signifi-cantly lower than that in the Zn-2Cu-1Sr and Zn-2Cu groups(P＜0.05).The cell proliferation rate in the blank control group was signifi-cantly lower than that in the Zn-2Cu-0.5Sr and Zn-2Cu-1Sr groups(P＜0.05).The bone mineral density in the Zn-2Cu-1Sr group was significantly higher than that in the Zn-2Cu and Zn-2Cu-0.5Sr groups(P＜0.05).HE staining showed no abnormal or pathological mor-phology in the rats'heart,liver,lung,and kidney tissues in the Zn-2Cu-1Sr group.Conclusion Adding trace amounts of Cu and Sr to Zn can reduce the degradation rate and improve the biocompatibility and osteogenic ability of the material.

Objective To compare the in vitro degradation rate,cytotoxicity,in vivo osteogenic ability,and in vivo biotoxicity of a new type of biodegradable implant material Zn-2Cu-xSr(x=0,0.5,and 1 wt.％)alloy and evaluate its application prospects in the orthopedic field.Methods The in vitro degradation ability of Zn,Zn-2Cu,Zn-2Cu-0.5Sr,Zn-2Cu-1Sr,and Ti materials was evaluated by pH moni-toring and material degradation rate.Cell proliferation experiment and cytoskeleton fluorescence staining were used to compare the in vitro cell compatibility of Zn,Zn-2Cu,Zn-2Cu-0.5Sr,Zn-2Cu-1Sr,and blank control.Micro-computed tomography(CT)scanning and bone min-eral density detection were used to evaluate the in vivo osteogenic ability of Zn,Zn-2Cu,Zn-2Cu-0.5Sr,and Zn-2Cu-1Sr.HE staining was used to compare the in vivo biotoxicity of Zn-2Cu-1Sr and blank control.Results There were no statistical differences in the pH values between the Zn,Zn-2Cu,Zn-2Cu-0.5Sr,Zn-2Cu-1Sr,and Ti groups(P＞0.05).The degradation rate in the Zn-2Cu-0.5Sr group was signifi-cantly lower than that in the Zn-2Cu-1Sr and Zn-2Cu groups(P＜0.05).The cell proliferation rate in the blank control group was signifi-cantly lower than that in the Zn-2Cu-0.5Sr and Zn-2Cu-1Sr groups(P＜0.05).The bone mineral density in the Zn-2Cu-1Sr group was significantly higher than that in the Zn-2Cu and Zn-2Cu-0.5Sr groups(P＜0.05).HE staining showed no abnormal or pathological mor-phology in the rats'heart,liver,lung,and kidney tissues in the Zn-2Cu-1Sr group.Conclusion Adding trace amounts of Cu and Sr to Zn can reduce the degradation rate and improve the biocompatibility and osteogenic ability of the material.

Objective:To identify and analyze the genuine medicinal plant Gentiana scabra Bge. from 9 regions in Liaoning Province using DNA barcode technology based on the base sequence of internal transcribed spacer. Methods:DNA was extracted from the medicinal parts of 26 Gentiana scabra Bge. samples by using DNA kit extraction method. The ITS sequence was amplified through polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and then two-way sequencing was carried out. Other sources and outgroup sequences of the medicinal plant Gentiana scabra Bge. were downloaded from Genbank. After the sequencing results were spliced by using SeqMan 7.1.0 software, MEGA 7.0 software was used to analyze and compare the data, and calculate the genetic distance of K2P (Kimura 2-parameter). The phylogenetic tree was established by Neighbor-Joining (NJ) method for analysis. Results:According to the results of NJ cluster tree, all Gentiana scabra Bge. samples from different sources were clustered into one large branch, and Gentiana scabra Franch. and Gentiana triflora Pall. were clustered into one branch respectively, with obvious differences; Gentiana scabra and Gentiana manshurica Kitag. were clustered into one branch, and the genetic relationship was relatively close. In combination with the variation site and genetic distance, the base sequences of Gentiana scabra and Gentianamanshurica were very similar, and the interspecific differences were very small. Except for the intraspecific variation of only one sample collected in Liaoning Province, the base sequences of the other samples were the same, and there was no difference between " Gentiana scabra Bge. in Qingyuan" and Gentiana scabra Bge. samples from other regions in Liaoning Province. Conclusion:The DNA barcode technology of ITS sequence can be used to differentiate and identify medicinal plant Gentiana scabra Bge. and its original plants from different sources with a high success rate.

Objective:To use rbcL sequences to identify the rhizomes of the Liaoning collection of Atractylodes chinensis (DC.) Koidz.; To provide a basis for ensuring the feasibility of cultivation of the native herb in Liaoning Province. Methods:A total of 30 rhizomes of Atractylodes chinensis (DC.) Koidz. were collected from 10 regions cultivated in Liaoning Province, and the total DNA was extracted. DNA barcodes were screened by PCR, and the rbcL sequences of the samples were amplified and sequenced, and the amplification and sequencing success rates were calculated. Sequence alignment was performed using MEGA 7.0 software; a systematic clustering tree was constructed using the neighbour-joining method. Results:The success rates of DNA extraction from the rhizomes of Atractylodes chinensis (DC.) Koidz. were all 93.3%, and the success rates of PCR amplification and sequencing were all 100%. Among the 30 samples of Atractylodes chinensis (DC.) Koidz. in Liaoning Province, two samples had intraspecific variation, and the rest of the base sequences of Atractylodes chinensis (DC.) Koidz. were identical. Atractylodes chinensis (DC.) Koidz. was closer to the herbs of the genus Cangzhu, a relative species of Asteraceae, and was genetically more distant from the rest of Asteraceae. The NJ tree could distinguish Atractylodes chinensis (DC.) Koidz. and its relatives. Conclusion:The quality of Atractylodes chinensis (DC.) Koidz. cultivars in Liaoning Province is basically similar, and the rbcL sequence can be used as a valid sequence fragment for the identification of Atractylodes chinensis (DC.) Koidz. DNA barcode.

Pain is one of the most prevalent health problems. Current medications for pain are mainly anticonvulsants， tricyclic antidepressants， and opioidergic drugs. However， their therapeutic effectiveness is limited during application， and some even have severe side effects. In recent years， research on natural ingredients from Chinese herbal medicine has been extensively conducted for their analgesic activities. A series of natural ingredients represented by alkaloids， coumarins， flavonoids， and terpenoids have shown great analgesic activity， and further studies on their analgesic mechanism have found that most natural products have multi-target analgesic mechanisms. It can exert analgesic effects by blocking ion channels， regulating related receptors， or inducing anti-inflammatory or antioxidant effects. In addition， many traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） formulas have shown great analgesic ability after clinical application and have multiple complex analgesic mechanisms. The drug cloud （dCloud） theory can better describe the mechanisms， and it can represent the complete therapeutic spectrum of multi-target analgesics from two dimensions， namely the "direct efficacy" that directly inhibits pain signals and the "background efficacy" that targets the root causes of pain. The authors summarized the research progress of natural ingredients with analgesic effects found in Chinese herbal medicine so far， as well as the analgesic efficacy and potential mechanisms of TCM formulas with great analgesic effects in clinical applications， so as to provide a new basis for searching for new analgesic drugs from TCM.

Objective:To investigate the effect of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) level on early pregnancy loss and cumulative pregnancy outcome of in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI), and whether AMH level can be used as an indicator to evaluate the quality of oocytes. Methods:A retrospective cohort analysis was performed on 3701 women undergoing their first oocyte retrieval for IVF/ICSI at the Reproductive Center of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from December 2015 to December 2019. According to the age, patients were divided into elderly group (≥35 years old) and younger group (<35 years old). References to the Bologna criteria and POSEIDON criteria, patients were divided into three groups: low AMH group (AMH≤1 μg/L), moderately low AMH group (1 μg/L0.05) whether in the elderly group or the younger group. The cumulative pregnancy rates were 61.9% (211/341), 66.0% (319/483), 69.3% (1219/1760), and the cumulative live birth rates were 50.1% (171/341), 57.8% (279/483), 57.1% (1005/1760) in low AMH group, moderately low AMH group and normal AMH group of the younger group, respectively,and there were statistical differences ( P=0.020, P=0.047). After adjusting for confounding factors, in the younger group, cumulative pregnancy rate and cumulative live birth rate in the low AMH group were lower than those in the normal AMH group ( OR=0.617, 95% CI=0.460-0.829, P=0.001; OR=0.660, 95% CI=0.496-0.878, P=0.004), the cumulative pregnancy rate and the cumulative live birth rate in the moderately low AMH group were lower than those in the normal AMH group, but there was no statistical difference (all P>0.05). There were no significant differences in cumulative pregnancy rate and cumulative live birth rate among the three groups with different AMH levels in the elderly group (all P>0.05). Conclusion:AMH is not associated with the incidence of early pregnancy loss during the their first oocyte retrieval in IVF/ICSI. AMH level is an independent factor affecting the cumulative pregnancy outcome in the younger group, the pregnancy outcome of women with AMH ≤1 μg/L decreased significantly. In the eldly women, AMH was not significantly associated with cumulative pregnancy outcome. AMH level may not be an indicator of oocyte quality.

Objective:To investigate the effect of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) level on early pregnancy loss and cumulative pregnancy outcome of in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI), and whether AMH level can be used as an indicator to evaluate the quality of oocytes. Methods:A retrospective cohort analysis was performed on 3701 women undergoing their first oocyte retrieval for IVF/ICSI at the Reproductive Center of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from December 2015 to December 2019. According to the age, patients were divided into elderly group (≥35 years old) and younger group (<35 years old). References to the Bologna criteria and POSEIDON criteria, patients were divided into three groups: low AMH group (AMH≤1 μg/L), moderately low AMH group (1 μg/L0.05) whether in the elderly group or the younger group. The cumulative pregnancy rates were 61.9% (211/341), 66.0% (319/483), 69.3% (1219/1760), and the cumulative live birth rates were 50.1% (171/341), 57.8% (279/483), 57.1% (1005/1760) in low AMH group, moderately low AMH group and normal AMH group of the younger group, respectively,and there were statistical differences ( P=0.020, P=0.047). After adjusting for confounding factors, in the younger group, cumulative pregnancy rate and cumulative live birth rate in the low AMH group were lower than those in the normal AMH group ( OR=0.617, 95% CI=0.460-0.829, P=0.001; OR=0.660, 95% CI=0.496-0.878, P=0.004), the cumulative pregnancy rate and the cumulative live birth rate in the moderately low AMH group were lower than those in the normal AMH group, but there was no statistical difference (all P>0.05). There were no significant differences in cumulative pregnancy rate and cumulative live birth rate among the three groups with different AMH levels in the elderly group (all P>0.05). Conclusion:AMH is not associated with the incidence of early pregnancy loss during the their first oocyte retrieval in IVF/ICSI. AMH level is an independent factor affecting the cumulative pregnancy outcome in the younger group, the pregnancy outcome of women with AMH ≤1 μg/L decreased significantly. In the eldly women, AMH was not significantly associated with cumulative pregnancy outcome. AMH level may not be an indicator of oocyte quality.

With the development of business of manned spaceflight, the body damage of astronauts on the space en-vironment has received growing concern. Weight loss is the most important cause of various diseases, and the weightlessness muscle atrophy is one of urgent problems to be solved in aerospace medicine. Although there is no concept of weightlessness or weightlessness muscle atrophy in the theory of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), TCM can grasp the pathogenesis of complex diseases, and provide important theoretical references for the prevention and management of weightlessness diseases, especially weightlessness muscle atrophy. In this paper, TCM Cognition of weightlessness and the pathogenesis of weightlessness muscle atrophy was studied by the sight of TCM theory of qi hoisting. The discussion was made from aspects of circulation of qi and blood, zang-fu function. This work is wished to be beneficial to apply the TCM theory in aerospace medicine.

OBJECTIVETo establish a method to determine the underivatized glycine (Gly) and proline (Pro) in vinegar turtle shell.

METHODAn HPLC-ELSD method was conducted on a Prevail C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) with the mobile phase of acetonitrile and 0.7% trifluoroacetic acid solution (containing 5.0 mmol x L(-1) heptafluorobutyric acid), and elution time was 15 min.

RESULTThe calibration curves were showed good linearity within the concentration range of 0.14-0.6 g x L(-1). The average recoveries were 101.2% and 102.5%, and RSD were 1.9% and 2.5%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONSince this method needs neither the special amino acid analyzer nor derivation of amino acid., it is efficient, simple and accurate., which could be used for quality control of vinegar turtle shell.

Animal Shells ; chemistry ; Animals ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Glycine ; analysis ; Proline ; analysis ; Quality Control ; Reference Standards ; Reproducibility of Results ; Turtles