This study aims to analyze the screening results and epidemiological characteristics of prostate cancer (PCa) among elderly males in the rural areas of Songjiang, Shanghai City, through the implementation of a preliminary prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening based on a community-linkage model, and to explore an effective screening approach. A retrospective observational study design was employed to collect data from residents who underwent PSA screening at Songjiang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, in collaboration with multiple community health service centers in Songjiang District, Shanghai City, between June 2022 and June 2024, through free clinics and annual health examinations. Prostate biopsy was recommended for individuals with total PSA (tPSA) levels >10 ng/ml and those with 4 ng/ml≤tPSA≤10 ng/ml and abnormal free-to-total PSA (f/tPSA) ratios. Clinical characteristics of detected PCa patients were analyzed. Follow-up was conducted through phone calls and home visits by family doctors, coupled with enhanced health education. The results indicated that a total of 17 198 residents participated in the screening, among which 2 234 (12.99%) had tPSA levels between 4 ng/ml and 10 ng/ml, and 257 (1.49%) had tPSA levels >10 ng/ml. Ultimately, 417 residents underwent prostate biopsy, with 171 being diagnosed with PCa, yielding a positive biopsy rate of 41.00% and a PCa detection rate of 0.99%. The predominant pathological subtype among PCa patients was adenocarcinoma (168 cases, 98.24%). Of the 146 PCa patients who received treatment, the majority were classified as intermediate or high-risk (124 cases, 84.93%). Furthermore, with the optimization of the screening model, there was a significant increase in the proportion of subsequent outpatient visits. In conclusion, the community-linkage-based PSA screening model demonstrated high effectiveness in screening for PCa among elderly males in the rural areas of Songjiang, Shanghai City. Epidemiological findings revealed that PCa patients in this region are primarily composed of intermediate and high-risk groups, highlighting the need for intensified early screening and health education.

Pathogenic microorganisms are direct causative agents of zoonotic infectious diseases,po-sing severe threats to the livestock industry by inducing massive animal mortality,economic losses in livestock products,and significant risks to human health.The CRISPR/Cas system has been widely adopted in nucleic acid detection of pathogenic microorganisms due to its unique trans-cleavage activity.By leveraging the superior optical properties of nanomaterials,researchers have integrated them with CRISPR/Cas systems to develop numerous visual biosensors,which not only significantly enhance signal output but also substantially reduce detection time and cost.This re-view focuses on five nanomaterials-graphene oxide(GO),gold nanoparticles(AuNPs),MoS2 nanosheets,metal-organic frameworks(MOFs),and quantum dots(QDs)—that have been exten-sively integrated with CRISPR/Cas systems in recent years.We systematically summarize their distinct physical characteristics and specific applications in CRISPR/Cas-based pathogen detection,followed by a concise comparison of the advantages and limitations of different methodologies.Fi-nally,we discuss the prospects for nanomaterials in CRISPR/Cas detection systems,aiming to pro-vide a valuable reference for advancing molecular diagnostics of pathogenic microorganisms.

This study aims to analyze the screening results and epidemiological characteristics of prostate cancer (PCa) among elderly males in the rural areas of Songjiang, Shanghai City, through the implementation of a preliminary prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening based on a community-linkage model, and to explore an effective screening approach. A retrospective observational study design was employed to collect data from residents who underwent PSA screening at Songjiang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, in collaboration with multiple community health service centers in Songjiang District, Shanghai City, between June 2022 and June 2024, through free clinics and annual health examinations. Prostate biopsy was recommended for individuals with total PSA (tPSA) levels >10 ng/ml and those with 4 ng/ml≤tPSA≤10 ng/ml and abnormal free-to-total PSA (f/tPSA) ratios. Clinical characteristics of detected PCa patients were analyzed. Follow-up was conducted through phone calls and home visits by family doctors, coupled with enhanced health education. The results indicated that a total of 17 198 residents participated in the screening, among which 2 234 (12.99%) had tPSA levels between 4 ng/ml and 10 ng/ml, and 257 (1.49%) had tPSA levels >10 ng/ml. Ultimately, 417 residents underwent prostate biopsy, with 171 being diagnosed with PCa, yielding a positive biopsy rate of 41.00% and a PCa detection rate of 0.99%. The predominant pathological subtype among PCa patients was adenocarcinoma (168 cases, 98.24%). Of the 146 PCa patients who received treatment, the majority were classified as intermediate or high-risk (124 cases, 84.93%). Furthermore, with the optimization of the screening model, there was a significant increase in the proportion of subsequent outpatient visits. In conclusion, the community-linkage-based PSA screening model demonstrated high effectiveness in screening for PCa among elderly males in the rural areas of Songjiang, Shanghai City. Epidemiological findings revealed that PCa patients in this region are primarily composed of intermediate and high-risk groups, highlighting the need for intensified early screening and health education.

Pathogenic microorganisms are direct causative agents of zoonotic infectious diseases,po-sing severe threats to the livestock industry by inducing massive animal mortality,economic losses in livestock products,and significant risks to human health.The CRISPR/Cas system has been widely adopted in nucleic acid detection of pathogenic microorganisms due to its unique trans-cleavage activity.By leveraging the superior optical properties of nanomaterials,researchers have integrated them with CRISPR/Cas systems to develop numerous visual biosensors,which not only significantly enhance signal output but also substantially reduce detection time and cost.This re-view focuses on five nanomaterials-graphene oxide(GO),gold nanoparticles(AuNPs),MoS2 nanosheets,metal-organic frameworks(MOFs),and quantum dots(QDs)—that have been exten-sively integrated with CRISPR/Cas systems in recent years.We systematically summarize their distinct physical characteristics and specific applications in CRISPR/Cas-based pathogen detection,followed by a concise comparison of the advantages and limitations of different methodologies.Fi-nally,we discuss the prospects for nanomaterials in CRISPR/Cas detection systems,aiming to pro-vide a valuable reference for advancing molecular diagnostics of pathogenic microorganisms.

AIM:To explore the core target and mechanism of α-Linolenic acid(ALA)in improving neuroinflammation through network pharmacology combined with in vitro experiments.METHODS:Pharmacological studies have shown that ALA has anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,and neuroprotec-tive properties.The targets of α-Linolenic acid were obtained from PharmMapper and Swiss Tar-get Prediction databases,the targets of neuroin-flammation were searched from GeneCards,TTD and OMIM databases,and the potential targets of ALA and neuroinflammation were obtained from Wayne diagram.Protein interaction network(pro-tein-protein interaction,PPI)of potential targets was constructed by STRING website,and the core targets in PPI were screened by Cytoscape 3.8.0 software.At the same time,potential targets are imported into DAVID database,GO and KEGG data were obtained and the results were visualized.Autodock vina and Pymol software were used to dock the selected core targets with ALA and visual-ize the results.An in vitro model of neuroinflamma-tion was constructed,and cell growth status,oxida-tive stress,and migration or repairing capacity were determined by CCK-8 analysis,SOD,MDA and cell scratches,and the expression of IL-6,iba 1,COX-2(PTGS2),and iNOS proteins was determined by ELISA or Western blot experiments.RESULTS:Network pharmacology analysis revealed 46 poten-tial targets of ALA for neuroinflammation,and 10 core targets,including IL-6 and PTGS 2.With 232 entries enriched by GO enrichment analysis and 70 signaling pathways enriched by KEGG enrichment analysis,molecular docking showed that ALA can form hydrogen bonding with COX-2.Experiments showed that ALA could improve cell viability,allevi-ate cell oxidative stress levels,and promote cell mi-gration and motor repair in an in vitro model of neuroinflammation.CONCLUSIONS:ALA may im-prove neuroinflammation by alleviating oxidative stress and inhibiting IL-6 and COX-2 protein expres-sion.

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is an important tool for prostate cancer diagnosis, and accurate segmentation of MR prostate regions by computer-aided diagnostic techniques is important for the diagnosis of prostate cancer. In this paper, we propose an improved end-to-end three-dimensional image segmentation network using a deep learning approach to the traditional V-Net network (V-Net) network in order to provide more accurate image segmentation results. Firstly, we fused the soft attention mechanism into the traditional V-Net's jump connection, and combined short jump connection and small convolutional kernel to further improve the network segmentation accuracy. Then the prostate region was segmented using the Prostate MR Image Segmentation 2012 (PROMISE 12) challenge dataset, and the model was evaluated using the dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and Hausdorff distance (HD). The DSC and HD values of the segmented model could reach 0.903 and 3.912 mm, respectively. The experimental results show that the algorithm in this paper can provide more accurate three-dimensional segmentation results, which can accurately and efficiently segment prostate MR images and provide a reliable basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
Male ; Humans ; Prostate/diagnostic imaging* ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods* ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional/methods* ; Prostatic Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging*

Since 2010, the incidence of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) has been increased. Owing the progress in diagnosis and treatment, the overall mortality of SFTS in China has decreased, while the mortality in critical SFTS patients is still high. In order to provide guidance and working procedures for clinicians to diagnose and treat critical SFTS, the National Medical Center for Major Public Health Events invited experts to discuss and formulate this consensus based on their experience and up-to-date knowledge on SFTS.

Objective: To investigate the iodine nutritional status of 8 to 10 years old school children in Linhai City, and to provide a theoretical basis for prevention and treatment of iodine deficiency. Methods: From 2016 to 2018, in the townships and sub-district offices under the jurisdiction of Linhai City, one town (street) was selected according to its geographical distribution in the east, west, south, north, and middle five directions, and one central primary school was selected in each town (street). In each central primary school, 40 children aged 8 to 10 years were selected, 5 to 10 ml of urine samples were collected, and urinary iodine level was determined by arsenic cerium catalytic spectrophotometry. Results: A total of 620 urine samples were detected in children, and the median urinary iodine was 172.5 μg/L. In 2016, 200 samples were tested, the median urinary iodine was 191.5 μg/L, 14.00% (28/200) for < 100 μg/L, and 20.00% (40/200) for ≥300 μg/L; in 2017, 210 samples were tested, the median urinary iodine was 174.5 μg/L, 18.10% (38/210) for < 100 μg/L, 11.90% (25/210) for ≥300 μg/L; in 2018, 210 samples were tested, the median urinary iodine was 149.0 μg/L, 24.29% (51/210) for < 100 μg/L, and 9.05% (19/210) for ≥300 μg/L. The differences in urinary iodine concentration between the three years were statistically significant (H=20.831, P < 0.05). A total of 310 boys were tested urinary iodine level, with a median of 147.5 μg/L, and 310 girls were tested with a median of 119.5 μg/L. The difference in urinary iodine concentration between boys and girls was statistically significant (Z=2.766, P < 0.05). Conclusion The iodine nutritional level of 8 to 10 years old school children in Linhai City is within the appropriate range (100-199 μg/L), but the monitoring of urinary iodine should continue.

Objective To explore the immunopathological mechanism for the imbalance between the positive signal mediated by inducible costimulator (ICOS) and the negative signal mediated by programmed death-1 (PD-1) in patients with myasthenia gravis (MG).Methods Eighty-two patients with MG,56 healthy controls (HC) and 20 non-MG (NMG) patients,collected in the First Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University from February 2014 to December 2016,were chosen to participate in the study.The expression of ICOS and PD-1 on peripheral blood mononuclear cells was detected by immuno-fluorescence staining and flow cytometry.The levels of soluble programmed death-1 (sPD-1),soluble programmed death ligand 1 (sPD-L1),IL-4 and other cytokines were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results (1) Flow cytometry analysis:The co-expression of PD-1,ICOS on CD4 + T cells from MG group (9.64％ (8.82％)) was higher than in HC (1.81％ (2.10％),Z =-7.389,P ＜0.05) and NMG group (2.86％ (1.49％),Z =-4.636,P ＜ 0.05).The expression of ICOS on CD4 + T cells,ICOS ligand (ICOSL) on CD14+ monocytes and CD19+ B cells were increased in MG group comparing with that of the control groups.The proportion of PD-1 + CD4 + T cells (MG group 16.82％ (10.66％),HC 9.34％ (9.18％),Z =-4.345,P＜0.05;NMG group 7.07％ (3.40％),Z=-4.594,P＜0.05) and PD-1 Ligand (PD-L1) + CD14+ monocytes was higher in MG patients.All of these were detected by flow cytometry.(2) ELISA analysis:Serum sPD-1 expression significantly increased in MG group compared with that in the control groups (MG group (1.87 ± 0.64) ng/ml,NMG group (1.49 ± 0.70) ng/ml,t =2.04,P ＜ 0.05;HC (1.05 ± 0.50)ng/ml,t =2.08,P ＜ 0.05),while for serum sPD-L1,there was no significant difference between MG and control groups.(3) Serum cytokines detection:The expression of IL-4 was increased in MG patients (MG group (61.88 ±5.15) pg/ml,HC (32.03 ±1.84) pg/ml,t=2.50,P＜0.05;NMG group (42.62± 3.31) pg/ml,t =2.34,P ＜0.05),and there was a negative correlation between the expression of sPD-1 and the concentration of IL-4.Conclusions The increased expression of PD-1 + ICOS + CD4 + T cells suggested the subset involved in the pathological progress of MG.sPD-1 might disturb the ligation of PD-1 on T cells and PD-L1 on antigen presenting cells,while the ligation of ICOS and ICOSL passed positive signal,leading to over activity of the subsets and the progression of disease.

Objective To discuss the clinical significance of programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) patients by analyzing PD-1 and programmed death 1-1igand (PD-L1) expressions.Methods Sixteen patients with NMOSD,16 patients with longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM),13 patients with opticneuritis (ON),20 with other diseases of the central nervous system (OTH) and 16 health controls (CONs) were chosen in our hospital from April 2015 to July 2016;their peripheral blood was separately collected.The PD-1 expression in the CD4+r lymphocytes,and PD-L1 expressions in the CD14+ mononuclear leucocytes and CD19+B lymphocytes of peripheral blood were detected by flow cytometry.ELISA was performed to analyze the levels of soluble PD-1 and soluble PD-L1 in plasma samples.Results The PD-1 level from the peripheral blood of NMOSD patients was significantly higher than that from LETM,ON,and OTH patients and CONs (P＜0.05).The PD-L1 level of NMOSD patients was significantly higher than that of the other 4 groups (P＜0.05).ELISA indicated that levels of soluble PD-1 and soluble PD-L1 in plasma samples from NMOSD patients were significantly higher than those in LETM,ON,and OTH patients and CONs (P＜0.05).Conclusion The PD-1/PD-L1 pathway is an important immune response approach and takes part in the earlier stage of the NMOSD pathological process.