This study aims to analyze the screening results and epidemiological characteristics of prostate cancer (PCa) among elderly males in the rural areas of Songjiang, Shanghai City, through the implementation of a preliminary prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening based on a community-linkage model, and to explore an effective screening approach. A retrospective observational study design was employed to collect data from residents who underwent PSA screening at Songjiang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, in collaboration with multiple community health service centers in Songjiang District, Shanghai City, between June 2022 and June 2024, through free clinics and annual health examinations. Prostate biopsy was recommended for individuals with total PSA (tPSA) levels >10 ng/ml and those with 4 ng/ml≤tPSA≤10 ng/ml and abnormal free-to-total PSA (f/tPSA) ratios. Clinical characteristics of detected PCa patients were analyzed. Follow-up was conducted through phone calls and home visits by family doctors, coupled with enhanced health education. The results indicated that a total of 17 198 residents participated in the screening, among which 2 234 (12.99%) had tPSA levels between 4 ng/ml and 10 ng/ml, and 257 (1.49%) had tPSA levels >10 ng/ml. Ultimately, 417 residents underwent prostate biopsy, with 171 being diagnosed with PCa, yielding a positive biopsy rate of 41.00% and a PCa detection rate of 0.99%. The predominant pathological subtype among PCa patients was adenocarcinoma (168 cases, 98.24%). Of the 146 PCa patients who received treatment, the majority were classified as intermediate or high-risk (124 cases, 84.93%). Furthermore, with the optimization of the screening model, there was a significant increase in the proportion of subsequent outpatient visits. In conclusion, the community-linkage-based PSA screening model demonstrated high effectiveness in screening for PCa among elderly males in the rural areas of Songjiang, Shanghai City. Epidemiological findings revealed that PCa patients in this region are primarily composed of intermediate and high-risk groups, highlighting the need for intensified early screening and health education.

This study aims to analyze the screening results and epidemiological characteristics of prostate cancer (PCa) among elderly males in the rural areas of Songjiang, Shanghai City, through the implementation of a preliminary prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening based on a community-linkage model, and to explore an effective screening approach. A retrospective observational study design was employed to collect data from residents who underwent PSA screening at Songjiang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, in collaboration with multiple community health service centers in Songjiang District, Shanghai City, between June 2022 and June 2024, through free clinics and annual health examinations. Prostate biopsy was recommended for individuals with total PSA (tPSA) levels >10 ng/ml and those with 4 ng/ml≤tPSA≤10 ng/ml and abnormal free-to-total PSA (f/tPSA) ratios. Clinical characteristics of detected PCa patients were analyzed. Follow-up was conducted through phone calls and home visits by family doctors, coupled with enhanced health education. The results indicated that a total of 17 198 residents participated in the screening, among which 2 234 (12.99%) had tPSA levels between 4 ng/ml and 10 ng/ml, and 257 (1.49%) had tPSA levels >10 ng/ml. Ultimately, 417 residents underwent prostate biopsy, with 171 being diagnosed with PCa, yielding a positive biopsy rate of 41.00% and a PCa detection rate of 0.99%. The predominant pathological subtype among PCa patients was adenocarcinoma (168 cases, 98.24%). Of the 146 PCa patients who received treatment, the majority were classified as intermediate or high-risk (124 cases, 84.93%). Furthermore, with the optimization of the screening model, there was a significant increase in the proportion of subsequent outpatient visits. In conclusion, the community-linkage-based PSA screening model demonstrated high effectiveness in screening for PCa among elderly males in the rural areas of Songjiang, Shanghai City. Epidemiological findings revealed that PCa patients in this region are primarily composed of intermediate and high-risk groups, highlighting the need for intensified early screening and health education.

Objective: To improve clinical management of maternal and neonatal listeriosis through analyzing the clinical characteristics and antibiotic treatment. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 26 cases of listeriosis, including their demographic and clinical features, was conducted, involving 16 pregnant women from Civil Aviation General Hospital, Xiamen Humanity Hospital, Tongzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Beijing, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Tangshan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, the Fourth Hospital of Tianshui City from October, 2011 to May, 2018, and 10 newborns from the Fourth Hospital of Tianshui City, Tangshan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital from February, 2016 to April 2018. Descriptive methods were used for data analysis. Results: (1) Among the 16 gravidas, one, five and 10 developed the infection in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimester of pregnancy, respectively, and eight had pregnancy complications. Furthermore, all of them developed fever [(38.9±0.5) ℃]. Symptoms such as cough, nasal congestion, runny nose, sore throat, dizziness, headache and other flu-like symptoms were observed in six cases. Gastrointestinal symptoms and flu-like symptoms were presented in four. Fetal distress, tachycardia and decreased fetal movement occurred in 11 cases. Elevated C-reactive protein and white blood cell count were detected in 16 and 14, respectively. Eight underwent placental pathological examination which shown various degrees of pathological changes, including neutrophil infiltration, acute chorioamnionitis and inflammatory necrosis. The main empirical antibiotic treatment for the 16 patients was cephalosporins and only four covered Listeria monocytogenes. Only two delivered at term, while the others (14/16) ended in miscarriage, premature delivery or stillbirth. (2) Among the 10 newborns with listeriosis, there were eight early-onset infections and two late-onset infections. All of them were febrile [(38.6±0.6)℃]. Six had cyanosis, groaning, foaming and three concave sign; five showed shortness of breath; meningitis and skin rash were found in one, respectively. All had elevated white blood cell and C-reactive protein. Six received antibiotics covering Listeria monocytogenes during the initial empirical treatment. Four were treated with cephalosporins alone, one of which died after the treatment was withdrawn. One was cured by initial treatment with meropenem alone, while eight recovered after adjustment of treatment with ampicillin, penicillin, meropenem, vancomycin alone, or meropenem combined with ampicillin or vancomycin. (3) The isolates that were susceptible to penicillin, ampicillin and meropenem accounted for 96.1% (25/26) all together and 88.5% (23/26) were susceptible to compound sulfamethoxazole. Conclusions There is no specific clinical manifestations of maternal or neonatal listeriosis. Maternal listeriosis is often characterized by acute onset and high incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Objective: To investigate the risk factors of anastomotic leakage (AL) after laparoscopic surgery in rectal cancer patient with neoadjuvant therapy and construct a nomogram prediction model. Methods: This study was a retrospective case-control study that collected and reviewed the clinicopathological data of 359 patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery from January 2012 to January 2018, including 202 patients from the Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University and 157 patients from the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery of Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital. Inclusion criteria: (1) age ≥ 18 years old; (2) diagnosis as rectal cancer by biopsy before treatment; (3) distance from tumor to anus within 12 cm; (4) locally advanced stage (T3-T4 or N+) diagnosed by imaging (CT, MRI, PET or ultrasound); (5) standardized neoadjuvant therapy followed by laparoscopic radical operation. Exclusion criteria: (1) previous history of colorectal cancer surgery; (2) short-term or incomplete standardized neoadjuvant therapy; (3) Miles, Hartmann, emergency surgery, palliative resection; (4) conversion to open surgery. Clinicopathological data, including age, gender, body mass index (BMI), preoperative albumin, distance from tumor to anus, operation hospital, American Society of Anesthesiologists score (ASA score), operation time, T stage, N stage, M stage, TNM stage, pathological complete response (pCR) were analyzed with univariate analysis to identify predictors for AL after laparoscopic surgery in rectal cancer patient with neoadjuvant therapy. Then, incorporated predictors of AL, which were screened by multivariate logistic regression, were plotted by the "rms" package in R software to establish a nomogram model. According to the scale of the nomogram of each risk factor, the total score could be obtained by adding each single score, then the corresponding probability of postoperative AL could be acquired. The area under ROC curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the predictive ability of each risk factor and nomogram on model. AUC > 0.75 indicated that the model had good predictive ability. The Bootstrap method (1000 bootstrapping resamples) was applied as internal verification to show the robustness of the model. The discrimination of the nomogram was determined by calculating the average consistency index (C-index) whose rage was 0.5 to 1.0. Higher C-index indicated better consistency with actual risk. The calibration curve was used to assess the calibration of prediction model. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test yielding a non-significant statistic (P>0.05) suggested no departure from the perfect fit. Results: Of 359 cases, 224 were male, 135 were female, 189 were ≥ 55 years old, 98 had a BMI > 24 kg/m², 176 had preoperative albumin ≤ 40 g/L, 128 had distance from tumor to anus ≤ 5 cm, 257 were TNM 0-II stage, 102 were TNM III-IV stage, and 84 achieved pCR after neoadjuvant therapy. The incidence of postoperative AL was 9.5% (34/359). Univariate analysis showed that gender, preoperative albumin and distance from tumor to the anus were associated with postoperative AL (All P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that male (OR=2.480, 95% CI: 1.012-6.077, P=0.047), preoperative albumin ≤40 g/L (OR=5.319, 95% CI: 2.106-13.433, P<0.001) and distance from tumor to anus ≤ 5 cm (OR=4.339, 95% CI: 1.990-9.458, P<0.001) were significant independent risk factors for postoperative AL. According to these results, a nomogram prediction model was constructed. The male was for 55 points, the preoperative albumin ≤ 40 g/L was for 100 points, and the distance from tumor to the anus ≤ 5 cm was for 88 points. Adding all the points of each risk factor, the corresponding probability of total score would indicated the morbidity of postoperative AL predicted by this nomogram modal. The AUC of the nomogram was 0.792 (95% CI: 0.729-0.856), and the C-index was 0.792 after internal verification. The calibration curve showed that the predictive results were well correlated with the actual results (P=0.562). Conclusions Male, preoperative albumin ≤ 40 g/L and distance from tumor to the anus ≤ 5 cm are independent risk factors for AL after laparoscopic surgery in rectal cancer patient with neoadjuvant therapy. The nomogram prediction model is helpful to predict the probability of AL after surgery.

Objective To investigate the risk factors of anastomotic leakage (AL) after laparoscopic surgery in rectal cancer patient with neoadjuvant therapy and construct a nomogram prediction model. Methods This study was a retrospective case?control study that collected and reviewed the clinicopathological data of 359 patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery from January 2012 to January 2018, including 202 patients from the Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University and 157 patients from the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery of Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital. Inclusion criteria: (1) age ≥ 18 years old; (2) diagnosis as rectal cancer by biopsy before treatment; (3) distance from tumor to anus within 12 cm; (4) locally advanced stage (T3?T4 or N+) diagnosed by imaging (CT, MRI, PET or ultrasound); (5) standardized neoadjuvant therapy followed by laparoscopic radical operation. Exclusion criteria: (1) previous history of colorectal cancer surgery; (2) short?term or incomplete standardized neoadjuvant therapy; (3) Miles, Hartmann, emergency surgery, palliative resection; (4) conversion to open surgery. Clinicopathological data, including age, gender, body mass index (BMI), preoperative albumin, distance from tumor to anus, operation hospital, American Society of Anesthesiologists score (ASA score), operation time, T stage, N stage, M stage, TNM stage, pathological complete response (pCR) were analyzed with univariate analysis to identify predictors for AL after laparoscopic surgery in rectal cancer patient with neoadjuvant therapy. Then, incorporated predictors of AL, which were screened by multivariate logistic regression, were plotted by the "rms" package in R software to establish a nomogram model. According to the scale of the nomogram of each risk factor, the total score could be obtained by adding each single score, then the corresponding probability of postoperative AL could be acquired. The area under ROC curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the predictive ability of each risk factor and nomogram on model. AUC > 0.75 indicated that the model had good predictive ability. The Bootstrap method (1000 bootstrapping resamples) was applied as internal verification to show the robustness of the model. The discrimination of the nomogram was determined by calculating the average consistency index (C?index) whose rage was 0.5 to 1.0. Higher C?index indicated better consistency with actual risk. The calibration curve was used to assess the calibration of prediction model. The Hosmer?Lemeshow test yielding a non?significant statistic (P>0.05) suggested no departure from the perfect fit. Results Of 359 cases, 224 were male, 135 were female, 189 were ≥ 55 years old, 98 had a BMI > 24 kg/m2, 176 had preoperative albumin ≤ 40 g/L, 128 had distance from tumor to anus ≤ 5 cm, 257 were TNM 0?II stage, 102 were TNM III?IV stage, and 84 achieved pCR after neoadjuvant therapy. The incidence of postoperative AL was 9.5% (34/359). Univariate analysis showed that gender, preoperative albumin and distance from tumor to the anus were associated with postoperative AL (All P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that male (OR=2.480, 95% CI: 1.012?6.077, P=0.047), preoperative albumin≤40 g/L (OR=5.319, 95% CI: 2.106?13.433, P<0.001) and distance from tumor to anus≤5 cm (OR=4.339, 95% CI: 1.990?9.458, P<0.001) were significant independent risk factors for postoperative AL. According to these results, a nomogram prediction model was constructed. The male was for 55 points, the preoperative albumin≤40 g/L was for 100 points, and the distance from tumor to the anus ≤ 5 cm was for 88 points. Adding all the points of each risk factor, the corresponding probability of total score would indicated the morbidity of postoperative AL predicted by this nomogram modal. The AUC of the nomogram was 0.792 (95% CI: 0.729?0.856), and the C?index was 0.792 after internal verification. The calibration curve showed that the predictive results were well correlated with the actual results (P=0.562). Conclusions Male, preoperative albumin ≤ 40 g/L and distance from tumor to the anus≤5 cm are independent risk factors for AL after laparoscopic surgery in rectal cancer patient with neoadjuvant therapy. The nomogram prediction model is helpful to predict the probability of AL after surgery.

Objective To investigate the risk factors of anastomotic leakage (AL) after laparoscopic surgery in rectal cancer patient with neoadjuvant therapy and construct a nomogram prediction model. Methods This study was a retrospective case?control study that collected and reviewed the clinicopathological data of 359 patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery from January 2012 to January 2018, including 202 patients from the Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University and 157 patients from the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery of Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital. Inclusion criteria: (1) age ≥ 18 years old; (2) diagnosis as rectal cancer by biopsy before treatment; (3) distance from tumor to anus within 12 cm; (4) locally advanced stage (T3?T4 or N+) diagnosed by imaging (CT, MRI, PET or ultrasound); (5) standardized neoadjuvant therapy followed by laparoscopic radical operation. Exclusion criteria: (1) previous history of colorectal cancer surgery; (2) short?term or incomplete standardized neoadjuvant therapy; (3) Miles, Hartmann, emergency surgery, palliative resection; (4) conversion to open surgery. Clinicopathological data, including age, gender, body mass index (BMI), preoperative albumin, distance from tumor to anus, operation hospital, American Society of Anesthesiologists score (ASA score), operation time, T stage, N stage, M stage, TNM stage, pathological complete response (pCR) were analyzed with univariate analysis to identify predictors for AL after laparoscopic surgery in rectal cancer patient with neoadjuvant therapy. Then, incorporated predictors of AL, which were screened by multivariate logistic regression, were plotted by the "rms" package in R software to establish a nomogram model. According to the scale of the nomogram of each risk factor, the total score could be obtained by adding each single score, then the corresponding probability of postoperative AL could be acquired. The area under ROC curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the predictive ability of each risk factor and nomogram on model. AUC > 0.75 indicated that the model had good predictive ability. The Bootstrap method (1000 bootstrapping resamples) was applied as internal verification to show the robustness of the model. The discrimination of the nomogram was determined by calculating the average consistency index (C?index) whose rage was 0.5 to 1.0. Higher C?index indicated better consistency with actual risk. The calibration curve was used to assess the calibration of prediction model. The Hosmer?Lemeshow test yielding a non?significant statistic (P>0.05) suggested no departure from the perfect fit. Results Of 359 cases, 224 were male, 135 were female, 189 were ≥ 55 years old, 98 had a BMI > 24 kg/m2, 176 had preoperative albumin ≤ 40 g/L, 128 had distance from tumor to anus ≤ 5 cm, 257 were TNM 0?II stage, 102 were TNM III?IV stage, and 84 achieved pCR after neoadjuvant therapy. The incidence of postoperative AL was 9.5% (34/359). Univariate analysis showed that gender, preoperative albumin and distance from tumor to the anus were associated with postoperative AL (All P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that male (OR=2.480, 95% CI: 1.012?6.077, P=0.047), preoperative albumin≤40 g/L (OR=5.319, 95% CI: 2.106?13.433, P<0.001) and distance from tumor to anus≤5 cm (OR=4.339, 95% CI: 1.990?9.458, P<0.001) were significant independent risk factors for postoperative AL. According to these results, a nomogram prediction model was constructed. The male was for 55 points, the preoperative albumin≤40 g/L was for 100 points, and the distance from tumor to the anus ≤ 5 cm was for 88 points. Adding all the points of each risk factor, the corresponding probability of total score would indicated the morbidity of postoperative AL predicted by this nomogram modal. The AUC of the nomogram was 0.792 (95% CI: 0.729?0.856), and the C?index was 0.792 after internal verification. The calibration curve showed that the predictive results were well correlated with the actual results (P=0.562). Conclusions Male, preoperative albumin ≤ 40 g/L and distance from tumor to the anus≤5 cm are independent risk factors for AL after laparoscopic surgery in rectal cancer patient with neoadjuvant therapy. The nomogram prediction model is helpful to predict the probability of AL after surgery.

Objective To explore the immunopathological mechanism for the imbalance between the positive signal mediated by inducible costimulator (ICOS) and the negative signal mediated by programmed death-1 (PD-1) in patients with myasthenia gravis (MG).Methods Eighty-two patients with MG,56 healthy controls (HC) and 20 non-MG (NMG) patients,collected in the First Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University from February 2014 to December 2016,were chosen to participate in the study.The expression of ICOS and PD-1 on peripheral blood mononuclear cells was detected by immuno-fluorescence staining and flow cytometry.The levels of soluble programmed death-1 (sPD-1),soluble programmed death ligand 1 (sPD-L1),IL-4 and other cytokines were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results (1) Flow cytometry analysis:The co-expression of PD-1,ICOS on CD4 + T cells from MG group (9.64％ (8.82％)) was higher than in HC (1.81％ (2.10％),Z =-7.389,P ＜0.05) and NMG group (2.86％ (1.49％),Z =-4.636,P ＜ 0.05).The expression of ICOS on CD4 + T cells,ICOS ligand (ICOSL) on CD14+ monocytes and CD19+ B cells were increased in MG group comparing with that of the control groups.The proportion of PD-1 + CD4 + T cells (MG group 16.82％ (10.66％),HC 9.34％ (9.18％),Z =-4.345,P＜0.05;NMG group 7.07％ (3.40％),Z=-4.594,P＜0.05) and PD-1 Ligand (PD-L1) + CD14+ monocytes was higher in MG patients.All of these were detected by flow cytometry.(2) ELISA analysis:Serum sPD-1 expression significantly increased in MG group compared with that in the control groups (MG group (1.87 ± 0.64) ng/ml,NMG group (1.49 ± 0.70) ng/ml,t =2.04,P ＜ 0.05;HC (1.05 ± 0.50)ng/ml,t =2.08,P ＜ 0.05),while for serum sPD-L1,there was no significant difference between MG and control groups.(3) Serum cytokines detection:The expression of IL-4 was increased in MG patients (MG group (61.88 ±5.15) pg/ml,HC (32.03 ±1.84) pg/ml,t=2.50,P＜0.05;NMG group (42.62± 3.31) pg/ml,t =2.34,P ＜0.05),and there was a negative correlation between the expression of sPD-1 and the concentration of IL-4.Conclusions The increased expression of PD-1 + ICOS + CD4 + T cells suggested the subset involved in the pathological progress of MG.sPD-1 might disturb the ligation of PD-1 on T cells and PD-L1 on antigen presenting cells,while the ligation of ICOS and ICOSL passed positive signal,leading to over activity of the subsets and the progression of disease.

Objective To discuss the clinical significance of programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) patients by analyzing PD-1 and programmed death 1-1igand (PD-L1) expressions.Methods Sixteen patients with NMOSD,16 patients with longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM),13 patients with opticneuritis (ON),20 with other diseases of the central nervous system (OTH) and 16 health controls (CONs) were chosen in our hospital from April 2015 to July 2016;their peripheral blood was separately collected.The PD-1 expression in the CD4+r lymphocytes,and PD-L1 expressions in the CD14+ mononuclear leucocytes and CD19+B lymphocytes of peripheral blood were detected by flow cytometry.ELISA was performed to analyze the levels of soluble PD-1 and soluble PD-L1 in plasma samples.Results The PD-1 level from the peripheral blood of NMOSD patients was significantly higher than that from LETM,ON,and OTH patients and CONs (P＜0.05).The PD-L1 level of NMOSD patients was significantly higher than that of the other 4 groups (P＜0.05).ELISA indicated that levels of soluble PD-1 and soluble PD-L1 in plasma samples from NMOSD patients were significantly higher than those in LETM,ON,and OTH patients and CONs (P＜0.05).Conclusion The PD-1/PD-L1 pathway is an important immune response approach and takes part in the earlier stage of the NMOSD pathological process.

Objective To investigate the role and mechanism of B7-H4, a negative costimulatory molecule, in mediating the immunomodulatory effects of mesenchymal stem cells C3H10T1/2 (C3H10) on T cell polarization. Methods The lentiviral vectors that carried the shRNA targeting mouse B7-H4 were transfected into mouse mesenchymal stem cells (C3H10-B7-H4). The cells were co-cultured with PHA-acti-vated mice spleen lymphocytes before and after the transfection. ELISA was performed to detect the concen-trations of cytokines in supernatants of cell culture in order to elucidate the effects of B7-H4 expressed by C3H10 on T cell polarization. A mouse model of experimental allergic encephalitis (EAE) was established. Fifty C57BL/6 mice were divided into five groups including control group, EAE group, C3H10 group (injec-ting EAE mice with C3H10 cells), C3H10-NC group ( injecting EAE mice with C3H10-NC cells) and C3H10-B7-H4 group (injecting EAE mice with C3H10-B7-H4 cells). ELISA was performed to detect the soluble form of IL-2, IL-17, IFN-γ and IL-4 in plasma samples. Results Knocking down the B7-H4 gene with shRNA significantly decreased the expression of B7-H4 on C3H10 cells, which weakened the inhibitory effects of C3H10 cells on the secretion of IL-2, IL-17 and IFN-γ by spleen lymphocytes. The therapeutic effects of C3H10-B7-H4 cells on mice with EAE were weakened after silencing the B7-H4 gene expression, which was manifested as higher nerve function score and earlier onset and bring forwarded peak time of EAE than those of the C3H10 group. Treating EAE mice with C3H10-B7-H4 cells was less efficient in inhibiting the expression of IL-2, IL-17 and IFN-γin plasma. However, knocking down the B7-H4 gene had no signif-icant effect on the expression of IL-4 in terms of treating EAE with C3H10 cells. Conclusion The co-inhib-itor molecule B7-H4 expressed on C3H10 cells mediated the treatment of EAE with C3H10 cells by regula-ting Th1 and Th17 effector T cells.

Objective To analyze the MRI features of hydrosalpinx and to investigate its clinical value.Methods MRI and ultrasound manifestations in 40 patients with hydrosalpinx in 53 fallopian tubes confirmed by operative and pathological findings were analyzed retrospectively,and these findings were also compared with the results of aparoscopy and pathology.Results Among 53 fallopian tubes with hydrosalpinx,bilateral tubes in 13 patients and 27 unilateral tubes in other patients were found.The tubes were botuliform in 32, retort-shaped in 1 6,pouch-shaped in 5.Incomplete separation of the lumen were found in 1 9.In 9 patients with acute salpingitis,1 5 tubes were found with empyema and expansion.In other 31 patients with chronic salpingitis,38 tubes were with hydrops and expansion,14 of whom were with hematocele.The sensibilities of MRI and ultrasound diagnosis for hydrosalpinx were 94.3%(50/53)and 88.7%(47/53)with no statistical differences(P >0.05),however the specificitis were 90.6%(48/53)and 77.6%(41/53)with obvious statistical differences(P <0.05).Conclusion The locating and qualitative diagnosis of MRI for hydrosalpinx is superior to ultrasound.MRI can discriminate the quality of cyst fluid and thus can definitely diagnose the hydrosalpinx caused by acute or chronic salpingitis.