Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of miglitol on regulating the energy metabolism of brown adipocytes by activating UCP1 and preventing cold injury in mice after cold exposure. Methods Primary brown adipocytes were induced into mature adipocytes, the effect of miglitol on the viability of brown adipocytes was investigated by MTT method, the lipid droplet consumption level of cells after drug administration was investigated by Oil Red O staining technology, and the level of UCP1, a key protein of thermogenesis in brown adipocytes, was detected by Western blotting. The activity of anti-frostbite was investigated in cold exposure at 4 ℃ and −20 ℃. KM mice, which were randomly divided into control group, cold exposure group, miglitol group and all-trans retinoic acid group, and after 7 days of repeated administration, the body surface temperature of mice was detected by infrared thermal imaging system, the anal temperature change was detected by anal thermometer, and the expression levels of UCP1 and PGC1-α in adipose tissue were detected by immunoblotting. Results Compared with the control group, the lipid droplet consumption and UCP1 expression levels in brown adipocytes in the miglitol group were significantly increased. The levels of body surface temperature and rectal temperature increased significantly after cold exposure, and the levels of UCP1 and PGC1α in the brown adipose tissue of mice increased significantly, which indicated that the miglitol could activate the critical proteins UCP1 and PGC1α of the thermogenesis pathway, increase the thermogenesis of mice after cold exposure, and thus improve the effect of cold injury for toe swelling. Conclusion Miglitol could play a role in improving cold injury and body temperature in mice by increasing the level of UCP1 and PGC1α, which are key targets of the thermogenesis pathway to promote the thermogenesis of brown fat.

Objective: To explore the active components, key targets, and mechanism of action of turnip in alleviating pulmonary fibrosis(PF) based on network pharmacology and animal experiments. Methods: The active components and targets of Brassica rapa L. were screened using the traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform database, and PF-related targets were obtained from disease databases such as online mendelian inheritance of man(OMIM) and DrugBank. The intersection targets were used to construct a protein-protein interaction(PPI) network to identify core targets, followed by gene oncology(GO)/Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis. In the animal experiments, a bleomycin-induced PF mouse model was established. Pathological changes in lung tissue were evaluated using HE and Masson staining. qRT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K), and akstrain transforming 1(AKT1), and immunofluorescence staining was used to measure the protein expression of TNF-α, PI3K, and AKT1. Results: The 68 active components identified in Brassica rapa L. may regulate PI3K-Akt signaling pathway by acting on 89 potential targets such as TNF-α and AKT1. The results of animal experiments showed that polysaccharide of Brassica rapa L.(BRPs) could significantly reduce the degree of bleomycin induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice; HE and Masson staining of lung tissue showed that compared with the model group, the damage of alveolar structure, the infiltration of inflammatory cells and the deposition of collagen fibers in the BRPs treatment group were significantly reduced. Further mechanism studies showed that BRPs could significantly down-regulate the mRNA and protein expression levels of TNF-α, PI3K and AKT1 in lung tissue of pulmonary fibrosis mice. Conclusion Brassica rapa L. can synergistically alleviate pulmonary fibrosis through “multi-component, multi-target and multi-channel” approach; BRPs is one of the main active components, and plays an anti-fibrosis role by inhibiting TNF-α/PI3K Akt signaling pathway.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the influential factors for rivaroxaban-induced bleeding events in patients with non- valvular atrial fibrillation （NVAF） and coronary heart disease. METHODS A total of 64 hospitalized patients with NVAF complicated with coronary heart disease who were treated with rivaroxaban and admitted to the Fuzhou University Affiliated Provincial Hospital from November 2021 to May 2023 were included in this retrospective study. The demographic data， laboratory test indexes and other general clinical data， and steady-state trough concentration of rivaroxaban were collected， and the dose- adjusted trough concentration was calculated. The occurrence of bleeding events within 6 months after discharge was recorded. The univariate analysis and binary Logistic regression analysis were adopted to determine the independent risk factors of rivaroxaban- related bleeding events. The binary Logistic regression equation was constructed to predict the probability of bleeding events. The area under the receiver operator characteristic （ROC） curve （AUC） was used to analyze the predictive value of the regression equation. RESULTS Among 64 patients， 19 patients had 24 case-times bleeding events， most of which were mild bleeding （19 case-times， 79.2%）， and mainly gastrointestinal bleeding （17 case-times， 70.8%）. After symptomatic treatment and adjustment of the anticoagulant regimen， most of them were improved or cured. In the univariate analysis， the proportion of patients with a history of anemia， platelet count， urea nitrogen content， steady-state trough concentration of rivaroxaban， dose-adjusted trough concentration and coagulation indexes [international normalized ratio， prothrombin time （PT）， activated partial thromboplastin time] in bleeding group were significantly more or higher than those in non-bleeding group， while the albumin level was significantly lower than that in non-bleeding group （P＜0.05）. In binary Logistics regression analysis， high PT level （odds ratio＝1.473， 95% confidence interval＝1.103-1.967， P＝ 0.009） and high rivaroxaban dose-adjusted trough concentration （odds ratio＝1.174， 95% confidence interval＝1.018-1.355， P＝ 0.027） were independent risk factors for rivaroxaban-related bleeding events. The binary Logistic regression equation of bleeding event prediction probability （P） was LogitP＝－6.975+0.387×PT level+0.161×dose-adjusted trough concentration， and the AUC of the ROC curve was 0.825 （95% confidence interval was 0.708-0.909， P＜0.001）. CONCLUSIONS The risk factors of rivaroxaban-related bleeding events in patients with NVAF and coronary heart disease include previous anemia history， high platelet count， high urea nitrogen content， high rivaroxaban steady-state trough concentration， high dose-adjusted trough concentration， high coagulation indexes and low albumin level. High PT level and high dose-adjusted trough concentration are independent risk factors that can be used to predict the risk of rivaroxaban-induced bleeding events. The regression equation has good predictive value.

Glutamate is a major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system and a potential neurotoxin.During the development of depression,the glutamate concentration increases in the hippocampus.When glutamate accumulates,it causes serious damage to neurons and brain tissue,aggravating the depressive state.Therefore,glutamate accumulation may be a major mechanism of depression development.Astrocytes,glutamate transporters,and glutamate receptors play important regulatory roles in the glutamate concentration.This article reviews the mechanism-of-action of traditional Chinese medicine on depression by regulating astrocytes,glutamate transporters,and glutamate receptors,and provides new ideas to explore treatment of depression by traditional Chinese medicine.

Sheep pox is widespread worldwide and is the most severe animal pox virus infection. This study aimed to identify the key microRNAs (miRNAs) differentially expressed in the exosomes of sheep poxvirus-infected cells and their target genes and related pathways and provide a theoretical basis for an in-depth understanding of the molecular mechanisms of sheep poxvirus-infected cells. In this study, the differentially expressed miRNAs were verified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and the target genes of miRNAs were predicted and analyzed by bioinformatics. The qPCR results showed that the expression trends of oar-miR-21, oar-miR-10b, oar-let-7f, oar-let-7b, and oar-miR-221 were consistent with the sequencing results. The Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes results showed that differentially expressed miRNAs were mainly involved in the immune system processes of the Arf6 downstream pathway. The target genes Reactome pathways were mainly enriched in the RAC1 GTPase cycle, CDC42 GTPase cycle, RHO GTPase cycle, RHOV GTPase cycle, and post-transcriptional silencing of small RNAs. The transcription factors SP4, NKX6-1, MEF2A, SP1, EGR1, and POU2F1 that may be connected to sheep pox virus (SPPV)-infected cells were discovered by transcription factor annotation screening. In conclusion, this study screened for differentially expressed miRNAs in SPPV-infected cells and performed a series of bioinformatic analyses of their target genes to provide a theoretical basis for the molecular mechanism of sheep pox virus infections of cells. The data can be used as basic information in future studies on the defense mechanisms against poxvirus infections.

Sheep pox is widespread worldwide and is the most severe animal pox virus infection. This study aimed to identify the key microRNAs (miRNAs) differentially expressed in the exosomes of sheep poxvirus-infected cells and their target genes and related pathways and provide a theoretical basis for an in-depth understanding of the molecular mechanisms of sheep poxvirus-infected cells. In this study, the differentially expressed miRNAs were verified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and the target genes of miRNAs were predicted and analyzed by bioinformatics. The qPCR results showed that the expression trends of oar-miR-21, oar-miR-10b, oar-let-7f, oar-let-7b, and oar-miR-221 were consistent with the sequencing results. The Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes results showed that differentially expressed miRNAs were mainly involved in the immune system processes of the Arf6 downstream pathway. The target genes Reactome pathways were mainly enriched in the RAC1 GTPase cycle, CDC42 GTPase cycle, RHO GTPase cycle, RHOV GTPase cycle, and post-transcriptional silencing of small RNAs. The transcription factors SP4, NKX6-1, MEF2A, SP1, EGR1, and POU2F1 that may be connected to sheep pox virus (SPPV)-infected cells were discovered by transcription factor annotation screening. In conclusion, this study screened for differentially expressed miRNAs in SPPV-infected cells and performed a series of bioinformatic analyses of their target genes to provide a theoretical basis for the molecular mechanism of sheep pox virus infections of cells. The data can be used as basic information in future studies on the defense mechanisms against poxvirus infections.

Sheep pox is widespread worldwide and is the most severe animal pox virus infection. This study aimed to identify the key microRNAs (miRNAs) differentially expressed in the exosomes of sheep poxvirus-infected cells and their target genes and related pathways and provide a theoretical basis for an in-depth understanding of the molecular mechanisms of sheep poxvirus-infected cells. In this study, the differentially expressed miRNAs were verified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and the target genes of miRNAs were predicted and analyzed by bioinformatics. The qPCR results showed that the expression trends of oar-miR-21, oar-miR-10b, oar-let-7f, oar-let-7b, and oar-miR-221 were consistent with the sequencing results. The Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes results showed that differentially expressed miRNAs were mainly involved in the immune system processes of the Arf6 downstream pathway. The target genes Reactome pathways were mainly enriched in the RAC1 GTPase cycle, CDC42 GTPase cycle, RHO GTPase cycle, RHOV GTPase cycle, and post-transcriptional silencing of small RNAs. The transcription factors SP4, NKX6-1, MEF2A, SP1, EGR1, and POU2F1 that may be connected to sheep pox virus (SPPV)-infected cells were discovered by transcription factor annotation screening. In conclusion, this study screened for differentially expressed miRNAs in SPPV-infected cells and performed a series of bioinformatic analyses of their target genes to provide a theoretical basis for the molecular mechanism of sheep pox virus infections of cells. The data can be used as basic information in future studies on the defense mechanisms against poxvirus infections.

Sheep pox is widespread worldwide and is the most severe animal pox virus infection. This study aimed to identify the key microRNAs (miRNAs) differentially expressed in the exosomes of sheep poxvirus-infected cells and their target genes and related pathways and provide a theoretical basis for an in-depth understanding of the molecular mechanisms of sheep poxvirus-infected cells. In this study, the differentially expressed miRNAs were verified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and the target genes of miRNAs were predicted and analyzed by bioinformatics. The qPCR results showed that the expression trends of oar-miR-21, oar-miR-10b, oar-let-7f, oar-let-7b, and oar-miR-221 were consistent with the sequencing results. The Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes results showed that differentially expressed miRNAs were mainly involved in the immune system processes of the Arf6 downstream pathway. The target genes Reactome pathways were mainly enriched in the RAC1 GTPase cycle, CDC42 GTPase cycle, RHO GTPase cycle, RHOV GTPase cycle, and post-transcriptional silencing of small RNAs. The transcription factors SP4, NKX6-1, MEF2A, SP1, EGR1, and POU2F1 that may be connected to sheep pox virus (SPPV)-infected cells were discovered by transcription factor annotation screening. In conclusion, this study screened for differentially expressed miRNAs in SPPV-infected cells and performed a series of bioinformatic analyses of their target genes to provide a theoretical basis for the molecular mechanism of sheep pox virus infections of cells. The data can be used as basic information in future studies on the defense mechanisms against poxvirus infections.

Sheep pox is widespread worldwide and is the most severe animal pox virus infection. This study aimed to identify the key microRNAs (miRNAs) differentially expressed in the exosomes of sheep poxvirus-infected cells and their target genes and related pathways and provide a theoretical basis for an in-depth understanding of the molecular mechanisms of sheep poxvirus-infected cells. In this study, the differentially expressed miRNAs were verified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and the target genes of miRNAs were predicted and analyzed by bioinformatics. The qPCR results showed that the expression trends of oar-miR-21, oar-miR-10b, oar-let-7f, oar-let-7b, and oar-miR-221 were consistent with the sequencing results. The Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes results showed that differentially expressed miRNAs were mainly involved in the immune system processes of the Arf6 downstream pathway. The target genes Reactome pathways were mainly enriched in the RAC1 GTPase cycle, CDC42 GTPase cycle, RHO GTPase cycle, RHOV GTPase cycle, and post-transcriptional silencing of small RNAs. The transcription factors SP4, NKX6-1, MEF2A, SP1, EGR1, and POU2F1 that may be connected to sheep pox virus (SPPV)-infected cells were discovered by transcription factor annotation screening. In conclusion, this study screened for differentially expressed miRNAs in SPPV-infected cells and performed a series of bioinformatic analyses of their target genes to provide a theoretical basis for the molecular mechanism of sheep pox virus infections of cells. The data can be used as basic information in future studies on the defense mechanisms against poxvirus infections.

Objective:To observe the effects of TCM compounds for eliminating phlegm and removing blood stasis on the ultrastructure of atrial myocardium in atrial fibrillation (AF) rats; To explore its possible mechanism.Methods:Totally 60 male SD rats were divided into blank group (10 rats) and model group (50 rats) according to random number table method. The atrial fibrillation model was established by tail vein injection of ACh-CaCl 2 mixture for 7 consecutive days, and then the rats with successful modeling were divided into model group, verapamil group, TCM compounds high-, medium- and low-dosage groups according to random number table method, with 10 rats in each group. TCM compounds high-, medium- and low-dosage groups were given Chinese herbal decoction 41.25, 20.63, 10.31 g/(kg?d) by gavage, respectively, and the verapamil group was given verapamil solution 25 g/(kg?d). The blank group and the model group were given an equal volume of normal saline by gavage for consecutive 14 days. After 14 consecutive days, electrophysiological recorder was used to measure the duration of atrial fibrillation in each group of rats; the changes of ultrastructure of atrial myocytes in each group were observed under transmission electron microscope; serum ROS, SOD and GSH-Px levels of rats were detected by ELISA. Results:Compared with the model group, the duration of atrial fibrillation in TCM compounds high-, medium- and low-dosage groups and verapamil group decreased ( P<0.05); the ultrastructural damage of atrial myocytes was improved; the content of ROS [(139.20±3.34) ng/ml,(139.00±3.28) ng/ml, (139.25±3.82) ng/ml vs. (155.60±7.32) ng/ml] in TCM compounds high- and medium-dosage groups and verapamil group decreased; the contents of SOD [(2.41±0.26) ng/ml, (2.40±0.12) ng/ml, (2.37±0.06) ng/ml vs.(2.12±0.21) ng/ml] increased ( P<0.05); the content of GSH-Px [(3.61±0.06) ng/ml, (3.60±0.08) ng/ml, (3.47±0.15) ng/ml, (3.51±0.19) ng/ml vs.(3.27±0.12) ng/ml] in TCM compounds high-, medium- and low-dosage groups and verapamil group increased ( P<0.05). Conclusion:TCM compounds for eliminating phlegm and removing blood stasis can shorten the duration of atrial fibrillation in rats, reduce the damage of ultrastructure of atrial myocytes in AF rats, regulate the expressions of serum ROS, SOD and GSH-Px in AF rats, and inhibit oxidative stress, which may be one of its mechanisms of action in the treatment of atrial fibrillation.