Objective　To understand the epidemiological characteristics, resistance screening status, and resistance profiles among newly diagnosed and relapsed pathogenic positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients with rifampicin resistance in Xinjiang, providing a reference for the prevention and control of rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB). Methods　Data on tuberculosis patient case records in Xinjiang from 2018 to 2023 were collected from the "Tuberculosis Information Management System", a subsystem of "China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention". The epidemiological characteristics of newly diagnosed and relapsed pathogenic positive patients, different demographic distributions, comorbidities such as diabetes, and rifampin-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis patients across different regions of Xinjiang were analyzed. Results　From 2018 to 2023, a total of 196 873 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis patients were registered in Xinjiang, including 83 967 cases of pathogenic positive cases. Rifampin resistance screening was conducted for 71 821 cases, resulting in a screening rate of 85.53%. The rifampin resistance screening rates varied significantly across years, ranging from 37.30% to 99.55%, the difference was statistically significant (χ²=1 020.759, P<0.001). A total of 2 573 cases of rifampin resistance were identified, with an overall resistance rate of 3.58%. The screening rate of RR in different years ranged from 37.30% to 99.55%, (χ²=1 020.759, P<0.001). The rate of RR in new pathogenic positive patients (2.04%) was significantly lower than that in retreatment patients (9.83%), the difference was statistically significant (χ²=2 003.967, P<0.001). Male patients had a higher resistance rate (1 497 cases, 4.01%) compared to female patients (1 076 cases, 3.12%), with a male-to-female ratio of 1.39∶1. The highest proportion of resistance cases was observed in the age group of >30-45 years (465 cases, 4.81%). Patients working in the commercial service sector showed the highest resistance rate (21 cases, 4.30%). Across Xinjiang, rifampin resistance rates varied between 2.00% and 7.10%, with the highest rate observed in Bortala Prefecture. Conclusion　The rifampin resistance rate in pulmonary tuberculosis cases in Xinjiang has shown an annual decline. Priority groups for resistance prevention and control include retreatment patients, males, young adults aged >30-45 years, and individuals working in the commercial service sector.

Resistance to poly adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribose polymerase inhibitor (PARPi) presents a considerable obstacle in the treatment of ovarian cancer. F-box and tryptophan-aspartic (WD) repeat domain containing 11 (FBXW11) modulates the ubiquitination of growth-and invasion-related factors in lung cancer, colorectal cancer, and osteosarcoma. The function of FBXW11 in PARPi therapy is still ambiguous. In this study, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) showed that FBXW11 expression was raised in ovarian cancer cells that had been treated with PARPi. FBXW11 was abnormally expressed at low levels in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) tissues, and low levels of FBXW11 were associated with shorter overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in HGSOC patients. Overexpressing FBXW11 made ovarian cancer more sensitive to PARPi, while knocking down FBXW11 made it less sensitive. The four-dimensional (4D) label-free quantitative proteomic analysis revealed that FBXW11 targeted S100 calcium binding protein A11 (S100A11) and promoted its degradation through ubiquitination. The increased degradation of S100A11 led to less efficient DNA damage repair, which in turn contributed to increased PARPi-induced DNA damage. The role of FBXW11 in promoting PARPi sensitivity was also confirmed in xenograft mouse models. In summary, our study confirms that FBXW11 promotes the susceptibility of ovarian cancer cells to PARPi via affecting S100A11-mediated DNA damage repair.

Tripterygium wilfordii is widely used in the treatment of autoimmune system diseases, but its obvious reproductive toxicity limits the clinical application and promotion of the drug. At present, there is no clear solution to the reproductive injury of Tripterygium wilfordii. TCM believes that its reproductive toxicity lies in its properties of pungent, bitter, and cold. Long-term use can dry liver and blood, hurt liver and yang, consume kidney essence, damage kidney and yang, destroy the balance of qi and blood, yin and yang in the internal organs, and cause infertility. Based on the relationship between liver and kidney and human reproductive function, this article proposed to understand the reproductive toxicity of Tripterygium wilfordii from the perspective of "Yi and Gui homology", and explored the method of reducing the reproductive toxicity of Tripterygium wilfordii according to the thought of "treating liver and kidney together", in order to expand the theoretical thinking of TCM for the safe clinical application of this drug.

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is the common chronic complication of diabetes, which can lead to foot ulcers, gangrene, and amputation in severe cases, seriously affecting their quality of life. DPN belongs to the category of "arthralgia", "hemorrhoids" and other categories of TCM, and the main pathogenesis is the deficiency of qi and blood, yin and yang, and the obstruction of the meridians by phlegm and stasis. Clinically, DPN is more common with qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome. Based on the theory of "qi meridian constant communication" in the Huang Di Nei Jing, this article proposed that for patients with DPN with qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome, the treatment should be based on the principle of "invigorating qi and activating blood circulation, dissolving stasis and arthralgia", so that the patients' qi meridian can be accessible, delay the disease progression, and provide reference for the TCM treatment of DPN.

Children and adults differ significantly in physiology,biochemistry and immune function,which leads to sig-nificant differences in blood transfusion strategies between children and adults.To guide the clinical transfusion practice of pediatric patients and improve the prognosis of children,the National Health Commission organized the formulation and re-lease of the health industry standard Guideline for Pediatric Transfusion(WS/T 795-2022).This paper will briefly introduce some concepts that help understand of the Standard and the preparation process of the Standard,and explain and interpret the preparation of the"scope","general provisions"and"factors to consider"of the Standard,hoping to contribute to the understanding and implementation of the Standard.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of occurrence and development of zinc-alpha-2-glycoprotein (AZGP1) in the activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and liver fibrosis.Methods The activated human hepatic stellate cell line LX2 was induced by the stimulation of transforming growth factor-β1 to construct carbon tetrachloride liver fibrosis mice model.The situation expression of AZGP1 in liver cells and tissues were observed.Plasmid transfection method was used to detect the activation,proliferation,apoptotic functions and changes in related factors of LX2 cells,respectively,after the overexpression and inhibition of AZGP1expression.Univariate analysis of variance was used for multiple group comparison.Results The results of immunofluorescence staining showed that AZGP1 protein was decreased and α-smooth muscle actin was increased in the activated LX2 cells,and the two were negatively correlated.AZGP1 gene and protein were significantly under-expressed in activated LX2 cells and liver tissues of mice with carbon tetrachloride liver fibrosis.Collagen I,matrix metalloproteinase-2,and α-smooth muscle actin genes and proteins were significantly down-regulated in LX2 cells after over-expression of AZGP 1.Cell fluorescence showed that AZGP 1-overexpressing cells were activated and α-smooth muscle actin protein was reduced.In addition,the proliferative activity and G1/S-specific cyclin D1 protein of LX2 cells were significantly reduced after overexpression of AZGP1,while cell cycle experiments showed that the proportion of cells overexpressing AZGP1 was significantly increased in the G0/G1 phase,and the proportion of S phase was significantly reduced.AZGP1 had no significant effect on the apoptosis of LX2 cells.Conclusion AZGP1 can reverse liver fibrosis by inhibiting the activation and proliferation of hepatic stellate cells,and thereby overexpression of AZGP1 is expected to become a new target for liver fibrosis treatment.

Objective:To explore features and clinical significance of motility characteristics, related clinical symptoms, 24-hour esophageal impedance-pH monitoring in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) complicated with esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction (EGJOO).Methods:From August 2014 to August 2019, a total of 512 GERD patients visited Zhuhai People′s Hospital were enrolled. All patients were divided into EGJOO group (85 cases) and non-EGJOO group (427 cases) according to the presence or absence of EGJOO. The patients were also divided into non-erosive reflux disease (NERD) group (393 cases) and reflux esophagitis (RE) group (119 cases) based on the endoscopic findings. The esophageal high resolution manometry (HRM) motility characterisrics, clinical symptoms, results of 24-hour esophageal impedance-pH monitoring of each group were analyzed. Fisher exact probability method, Wilcoxon rank sum test for comparison among groups and McNemar test for comparison of paired data were used for statistical analysis.Results:The lower esophageal sphincter (LES) resting pressure, integrated relaxation pressure (IRP), distal contractile integral (DCI), intrabolus pressure (IBP) and maximum IBP of EGJOO group were all higher than those of non-EGJOO group (30.70 mmHg, 22.50 mmHg to 40.75 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) vs. 19.90 mmHg, 14.50 mmHg to 26.20 mmHg; 17.80 mmHg, 16.20 mmHg to 22.85 mmHg vs. 7.80 mmHg, 5.20 mmHg to 10.20 mmHg; 1 282.80 mmHg·s·cm, 654.55 mmHg·s·cm to 2 563.20 mmHg·s·cm vs. 818.90 mmHg·s·cm, 495.10 mmHg·s·cm to 1 365.10 mmHg·s·cm; 7.00 mmHg, 4.40 mmHg to 11.65 mmHg vs. 3.60 mmHg, 1.10 mmHg to 5.80 mmHg; 14.90 mmHg, 11.50 mmHg to 18.80 mmHg vs. 10.40 mmHg, 8.10 mmHg to 13.10 mmHg, respectively), and the differences were statistically significant ( Z=-7.82, -14.57, -4.25, -7.16, and -6.27, all P<0.01). The LES resting pressure of NRED group was higher than that of RE group (21.70 mmHg, 15.65 mmHg to 29.40 mmHg vs. 19.40 mmHg, 13.60 mmHg to 25.10 mmHg), and the difference was statistically significant ( Z=-2.47, P=0.014). The DeMeeste score, episodes of long time (more than five minutes) acid reflux, the longest duration of reflux and the percentage of time pH<4 of EGJOO group were all higher than those of non-EGJOO group (6.60 points, 2.70 points to 11.20 points vs. 3.25 points, 1.30 points to 9.18 points; 1.00 times, 0.00 times to 1.00 times vs. 0.00 times, 0.00 times to 0.00 times; 6.50 s, 2.00 s to 15.00 s vs. 1.00 s, 0.00 s to 5.00 s; 1.70%, 0.30% to 2.30% vs. 0.30%, 0.00% to 1.63%, respectively), and the differences were statistically significant ( Z=-2.04, -2.94, -3.98 and -2.42, all P<0.05). Before treatment, the percentage of dysphagia of EGJOO group was higher than that of non-EGJOO group (9.4%, 8/85 vs. 2.1%, 9/427), and the difference was statistically significant (Fisher exact test, P=0.01). The percentage of heartburn, belching, abdominal pain, abdominal distention and chest pain of EGJOO group and non-EGJOO group after treatment were all significantly lower than those before treatment (EGJOO group: 11.8%, 10/85 vs. 34.1%, 29/85; 34.1%, 29/85 vs. 51.8%, 44/85; 4.7%, 4/85 vs. 20.0%, 17/85; 3.5%, 3/85 vs. 22.4%, 19/85; 4.7%, 4/85 vs. 21.2%, 18/85. Non-EGJOO group: 14.8%, 63/427 vs. 33.0%, 141/427; 36.8%, 157/427 vs. 51.5%, 220/427; 5.4%, 23/427 vs. 26.5%, 113/427; 6.6%, 28/427 vs. 21.1%, 90/427; 2.8%, 12/427 vs. 18.3%, 78/427), and the differences were statistically significant (all McNemar test, all P<0.05). Conclusions:In EGJOO patients with LES dysfunction, the symptoms are more severe, acid reflux is more obvious, and the efficacy of conventional prokinetic therapy is poor. The occurrence of esophageal erosion is not only due to acid reflux and acid exposure time, but also to esophageal motility disorder and local mucosal barrier function.

The data were drawn from injury hospitalization surveillance system in Shandong province. From 2012 to 2018, 164 cases of acute occupational poisoning were reported from five surveillance counties (cities, districts), accounting for 6.11% (164/2 683) of total accidental poisoning cases. The annual average reported incidence of acute occupational poisoning hospitalization was 1.15/100 000. The number of male cases was 3.3 times that of females (126 vs 38). The poisoning cases mainly occurred between January to May in a year and 5-7 AM within a day. Those cases were mainly caused by irritating gases (92 cases, 56.10%) and asphyxiating gases (53 cases, 32.32%), of which chlorine (71 cases) and carbon monoxide (50 cases) were the main reasons. The average hospitalization medical cost of acute occupational poisoning cases was 7 278.81 RMB per case.

Objective:To investigate the impact of China's Mental Health Law on the work of psychological counseling in colleges and universities, and to explore ways to improve the law. Methods: Totally 12 heads of college and university counseling centers in Beijing were conducted with semi-structured interviews. The average age of the interviewees was (40 ±7) years old, with master or doctor degrees in psychology or related disciplines. The method of content analysis was used to analyze the interviewees' understanding of the " Mental Health Law". Results: All of the 12 interviewees had gained some understanding of the "Mental Health Law", and accordingly amended the regulation of their counseling centers. Also, interviewees suggested the positive and negative impacts brought by the law, such as enhancing practitioners' legislative sense, clarifying their responsibilities and boundaries as college and university counseling, as well as difficulties to distinguish psychotherapy and psychological counseling, ambiguity in the legality of working with students who were diagnosed with mental disorders. Moreover, interviewees threw out suggestions on improving the law from the aspect of industry standard, supervision department and vocational qualification. Conclusion: The execution of "Mental Health Law" improves practitioners' legislative sense, clarifies their responsibility. Nevertheless, it does not clearly distinguish psychotherapy from psychological counseling, and be lack of regulation on the psychological counseling industry.

ObjectiveTo investigate a new way to prevent hyperacute rejection (HAR) during liver xenotransplantation through blocking the xenograft with recipient blood serum before transplantation.MethodsTwenty guinea-pig (GP) and Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were pair-matched as donor and recipient randomly.Before transplantation,blood serum collected from other SD rats was inactivated at 45 ℃ in water bath for 30 minutes.Guinea-pig donor livers from experimental group ( n =10 ) were pre-perfused by 0.1％ solution of this blood serum,and donor livers from control group (n =10) were treated by Ringer solution.Then orthotopic liver xenotransplantations were performed by the modified two-cuff technique immediately.Liver morphology changes and survival rate and time of recipients were observed,and histopathological lesions were detected by HE staining,and liver ALT level was evaluated.ResultsThe operation time and anhepatic phases between two groups were not different significantly ( P ＞ 0.05 ).The survival rate of recipients from experimental group was higher,and its survival time was longer than that of control group significantly (P ＜ 0.01 ).The liver histological changes such as thrombosis and interstitial bleeding in experimental group was less severe than that in control group (P ＜0.01 ).The level of ALT in blood serum of rats from experimental group were lower than that from control group significantly ( P ＜ 0.05).ConclusionsThe results suggested that blocking the donor graft with recipient blood serum inhibits HAR during liver xenotransplantation.