Colorectal cancer， a leading malignant gastrointestinal tumor globally in terms of incidence and mortality， has seen a consistent annual rise in newly diagnosed cases. While conventional therapies like radiotherapy， chemotherapy， and surgery are available， problems such as lack of early diagnosis， poor prognosis， and drug resistance remain significant burdens for patients. Given the complex and diverse pathogenesis of colorectal cancer， there is an urgent clinical need for safe， effective， reliable， and multi-targeted therapeutic strategies. The Hippo signaling pathway， closely linked to mechanisms like tumorigenesis， cancer cell invasion， migration， and drug resistance， extensively participates in the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer， so targeting the signaling pathway for cancer prevention and treatment has become a crucial research direction in recent years. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） offers multi-faceted， multi-pathway， and multi-target advantages and becomes an important therapy for colorectal cancer by enhancing patients' immunity， improving the life quality， and prolonging survival. Studies show that the active components of TCM， including flavonoids， terpenoids， phenols， alkaloids， quinones， lignans， and saponins， as well as TCM compounds such as modified Sijunzi decoction， Jiedu Sangen decoction， Jianpi Jiedu compound， and Quyu Jiedu decoction， exhibit significant targeting effects on the Hippo signaling pathway. These TCMs can exert an anti-colorectal cancer effect through various mechanisms， such as inducing cancer cell autophagy and apoptosis， inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition， reversing drug resistance of the tumor， and blocking the cancer cell cycle. This paper reviewed and analyzed Chinese and international research on the action mechanisms of TCM in regulating the Hippo signaling pathway for the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer with a comprehensive overview presentation， aiming to provide new references and ideas for the clinical application of TCM and the development of new pharmacological agents in the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer.

Colorectal cancer， a leading malignant gastrointestinal tumor globally in terms of incidence and mortality， has seen a consistent annual rise in newly diagnosed cases. While conventional therapies like radiotherapy， chemotherapy， and surgery are available， problems such as lack of early diagnosis， poor prognosis， and drug resistance remain significant burdens for patients. Given the complex and diverse pathogenesis of colorectal cancer， there is an urgent clinical need for safe， effective， reliable， and multi-targeted therapeutic strategies. The Hippo signaling pathway， closely linked to mechanisms like tumorigenesis， cancer cell invasion， migration， and drug resistance， extensively participates in the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer， so targeting the signaling pathway for cancer prevention and treatment has become a crucial research direction in recent years. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） offers multi-faceted， multi-pathway， and multi-target advantages and becomes an important therapy for colorectal cancer by enhancing patients' immunity， improving the life quality， and prolonging survival. Studies show that the active components of TCM， including flavonoids， terpenoids， phenols， alkaloids， quinones， lignans， and saponins， as well as TCM compounds such as modified Sijunzi decoction， Jiedu Sangen decoction， Jianpi Jiedu compound， and Quyu Jiedu decoction， exhibit significant targeting effects on the Hippo signaling pathway. These TCMs can exert an anti-colorectal cancer effect through various mechanisms， such as inducing cancer cell autophagy and apoptosis， inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition， reversing drug resistance of the tumor， and blocking the cancer cell cycle. This paper reviewed and analyzed Chinese and international research on the action mechanisms of TCM in regulating the Hippo signaling pathway for the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer with a comprehensive overview presentation， aiming to provide new references and ideas for the clinical application of TCM and the development of new pharmacological agents in the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer.

Colorectal cancer is a common malignant tumor of the digestive system. In recent years， its incidence rate and mortality are increasing year by year. Due to the complex pathogenesis and poor prognosis of patients， colorectal cancer poses a serious threat to human physical and mental health. Currently， although Western medicine treatment methods can to some extent inhibit tumor growth and alleviate patient symptoms， postoperative recurrence， metastasis， multiple adverse reactions， and susceptibility to drug resistance are prominent issues， resulting in unsatisfactory overall treatment outcomes. Therefore， exploring more efficient and safe treatment methods has become an urgent task. The adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase （AMPK） signaling pathway plays a regulatory role in the growth， differentiation， apoptosis， and autophagy of colorectal cancer cells， and is widely involved in the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer. It is considered an important target for colorectal cancer treatment. Traditional Chinese medicine has unique advantages in the treatment of colorectal cancer， as it can exert its effects through multiple mechanisms and pathways. It can prevent postoperative recurrence and metastasis， reduce adverse reactions to radiotherapy and chemotherapy， and improve patients' quality of life. It has become a key means of treating colorectal cancer. Research has shown that active ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine such as flavonoids， polyphenols， terpenes， and esters， as well as traditional Chinese medicine compounds such as Qingjie Fuzheng Granules and some traditional Chinese medicine extracts， have significant regulatory effects on AMPK and its interaction signaling pathways. They exert their anti-colorectal cancer effects by inducing autophagy and apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells， promoting ferroptosis， inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition， reversing drug resistance， and arresting the cell cycle. This article reviewed and summarized the relevant research on traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of colorectal cancer in recent years， with a focus on the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine in regulating the AMPK signaling pathway for the treatment of colorectal cancer. It is expected to provide ideas and references for the development of new drugs for clinical anti-colorectal cancer treatment.

Hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） is one of the most common malignant tumors with high incidence and mortality rates worldwide， which brings a huge burden to the physical and mental health and socio-economic life of patients. The adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase （AMPK） signaling pathway serves as the regulatory center of cellular energy metabolism and is closely associated with the biological activities of HCC cells， including autophagy， apoptosis， and angiogenesis， and it has become a hot topic in current cancer research. Traditional Chinese medicine drugs are abundant in natural components such as flavonoids， alkaloids， and phenols and have the characteristics of multiple targets， pathways， components， and hierarchies. By targeting the AMPK signaling pathway， these components can be used alone or in combination with conventional antitumor therapies to exert an anti-tumor effect on HCC from various aspects. This article reviews and summarizes the extracts of traditional Chinese medicine that target the AMPK signaling pathway for the prevention and treatment of HCC， in order to provide a theoretical basis and a reference for the clinical application of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of HCC and the development of related drugs.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for the treatment of ileocecal valve lipoma.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was performed on data of ileocecal lipoma patients who underwent ESD at the Endoscopy Center of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University from December 2013 to June 2023. According to the lesion location, the patients were divided into ileocecal valve group and cecum group. The operation time, operation speed, en bloc resection rate, complications, and follow-up outcomes between the two groups were compared.Results:A total of 59 patients with ileocecal lipoma were enrolled, including 31 patients in the ileocecal valve group and 28 patients in the cecum group.There were no significant differences in gender, age, specimen size, or lesion size between the two groups ( P>0.05). Lipomas in both the ileocecal valve group and the cecum group were successfully resected by ESD. The en bloc resection rates were 100.0% (31/31) and 92.9% (26/28) respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant ( χ2=0.033, P=0.133). Median operative duration significantly differed between the two groups ( ileocecal valve group 26 min VS cecum group 20 min, Z=-0.136, P=0.027), as did resection speed (ileocecal valve group 0.14 cm2/min VS cecum group 0.24 cm2/min, Z=-0.223, P=0.022). Adverse events included one postoperative fever in the ileocecal valve group and one delayed bleeding in the cecum group. During the median follow-up of 38 months (7-106 months), there was no case of residual tumor or recurrence. Conclusion:Despite technical challenges in ESD of ileocecal valve lipoma, it is still a safe, feasible and effective treatment method.

According to TCM, the main pathogenesis of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is stomach disharmony and descending, and stomach qi ascending. Phlegm dampness and blood stasis are also important pathological factors of this disease. TCM treatment for GERD mainly starts from the liver, spleen and stomach. The basic treatment is to harmonize the stomach and lower the adverse, and to soothe the liver and relieve depression, invigorate the spleen and resolve dampness, promote qi and blood circulation, and clear heat and inhibit acid. Clinical treatment of GERD is mostly in the form of TCM compounds, often combined with Western medicine, which can improve symptoms, reduce recurrence rate and reduce adverse reactions. The mechanism is to inhibit gastric acid secretion, enhance lower esophageal sphincter pressure, promote gastrointestinal motility, inhibit inflammation, regulate esophageal visceral sensitivity and regulate intestinal flora.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for hypopharyngeal hemangioma.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on data of patients with hypopharyngeal hemangioma who were treated with ESD at the endoscopy center of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University from October 2023 to February 2024. The en bloc resection rate, complete resection rate, procedure time, length of hospital stay, and incidence of adverse events were recorded.Results:A total of five patients were included, aged 28-78, four females and one male, with a median tumor long diameter of 1.5 cm (1.0-4.0 cm). All ESD procedures were successfully performed for hypopharyngeal hemangioma, and the rate of en bloc resection was 80.0% (4/5). Complete resection rate was 100.0% (5/5). The median procedure time was 35 minutes (18-60 minutes). None of them underwent prophylactic tracheotomy, and all of them were confirmed as hemangiomas by postoperative pathology. Open diet 1 day postoperatively, and the median length of hospital stay was 6 days (3-8 days). There were no serious adverse events related to ESD during or after the procedure.Conclusion:ESD can be a potential new method for the treatment of hypopharyngeal hemangioma, demonstrating satisfactory effectiveness and safety.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for hypopharyngeal hemangioma.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on data of patients with hypopharyngeal hemangioma who were treated with ESD at the endoscopy center of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University from October 2023 to February 2024. The en bloc resection rate, complete resection rate, procedure time, length of hospital stay, and incidence of adverse events were recorded.Results:A total of five patients were included, aged 28-78, four females and one male, with a median tumor long diameter of 1.5 cm (1.0-4.0 cm). All ESD procedures were successfully performed for hypopharyngeal hemangioma, and the rate of en bloc resection was 80.0% (4/5). Complete resection rate was 100.0% (5/5). The median procedure time was 35 minutes (18-60 minutes). None of them underwent prophylactic tracheotomy, and all of them were confirmed as hemangiomas by postoperative pathology. Open diet 1 day postoperatively, and the median length of hospital stay was 6 days (3-8 days). There were no serious adverse events related to ESD during or after the procedure.Conclusion:ESD can be a potential new method for the treatment of hypopharyngeal hemangioma, demonstrating satisfactory effectiveness and safety.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for the treatment of ileocecal valve lipoma.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was performed on data of ileocecal lipoma patients who underwent ESD at the Endoscopy Center of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University from December 2013 to June 2023. According to the lesion location, the patients were divided into ileocecal valve group and cecum group. The operation time, operation speed, en bloc resection rate, complications, and follow-up outcomes between the two groups were compared.Results:A total of 59 patients with ileocecal lipoma were enrolled, including 31 patients in the ileocecal valve group and 28 patients in the cecum group.There were no significant differences in gender, age, specimen size, or lesion size between the two groups ( P>0.05). Lipomas in both the ileocecal valve group and the cecum group were successfully resected by ESD. The en bloc resection rates were 100.0% (31/31) and 92.9% (26/28) respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant ( χ2=0.033, P=0.133). Median operative duration significantly differed between the two groups ( ileocecal valve group 26 min VS cecum group 20 min, Z=-0.136, P=0.027), as did resection speed (ileocecal valve group 0.14 cm2/min VS cecum group 0.24 cm2/min, Z=-0.223, P=0.022). Adverse events included one postoperative fever in the ileocecal valve group and one delayed bleeding in the cecum group. During the median follow-up of 38 months (7-106 months), there was no case of residual tumor or recurrence. Conclusion:Despite technical challenges in ESD of ileocecal valve lipoma, it is still a safe, feasible and effective treatment method.

Objectives:To investigate the rate and risk factors of tip displacement of umbilical venous catheterization (UVC) in preterm infants.Methods:This was a multicenter cohort study. Study population were preterm infants admitted to 44 tertiary hospitals in China between October 2019 and August 2021. Demographic information, general clinical data, UVC indwelling conditions and related complications were collected. The primary outcome was the rate of UVC tip displacement. The observation time points were 2 d and 7 d after UVC. They were grouped according to UVC displacement, gestational age, and birth weight. Binary Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors of UVC tip displacement.Results:The 2 086 preterm infants had a gestational age of (29.9±2.3) weeks and a birth weight of (1 248±298) g. There were 1 106 male preterm infants (53.0%). The rate of UVC displacement at 2 d and 7 d were 34.6% (721/2 086) and 33.6% (494/1 470), respectively, with no statistically significant difference ( χ2=0.35, P=0.533). Univariate analysis indicated that male infants, small gestational age, low birth weight and small catheter diameter were all risk factors for UVC tip displacement at the 2 d time point (all P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that small catheter diameter was an independent risk factor for tip displacement at both 2 d ( OR=0.47, 95% CI 0.34-0.66) and 7 d ( OR=0.39, 95% CI 0.25-0.59) time points (both P<0.001). Conclusions:The rate of UVC tip displacement is high in preterm infants. It should be avoided to deliberately select a small diameter catheter for UVC, and pay attention to the imaging monitoring of the tip position after UVC.