Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis （IPF） is a chronic interstitial lung disease characterized by dyspnea and progressive deterioration of lung function， which significantly impacts patients' quality of life and imposes a major burden on society. Although modern medicine has increasingly enriched the treatment options for pulmonary fibrosis， unfavorable factors such as high costs and significant side effects contribute to the persistently low survival rate of patients. Studies have shown that the occurrence and development of pulmonary fibrosis are closely related to abnormalities in multiple pathways. Among these， Rho/Rho-associated coiled-coil protein kinase （ROCK） plays a key role in the disease progression of IPF by regulating the cytoskeleton. This pathway not only transmits biochemical molecular signals that promote the progress of fibrosis but also responds to the biomechanical environment， such as the increased lung tissue stiffness caused by the deposition of extracellular matrix （ECM） during the process of pulmonary fibrosis. Therefore， research on this pathway is of great significance for the prevention and treatment of IPF. In recent years， traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has shown remarkable effects in preventing and treating IPF. Many TCM compounds and active components can reduce the production of α-smooth muscle actin （α-SMA）， CollagenⅠ （ColⅠ）， ColⅢ， and inflammatory factors in lung tissue by regulating the Rho/ROCK signaling pathway. These compounds inhibit the transformation of fibroblasts （FBs） into myofibroblasts （MyoFBs）， intervening in the process of pulmonary fibrosis. Based on this， the article briefly reviews relevant research from recent years， discusses the key role of the Rho/ROCK pathway in pulmonary fibrosis from an interdisciplinary perspective， and summarizes the mechanisms through which TCM regulates Rho/ROCK to prevent and treat IPF， based on resources from PubMed， CNKI， and other databases， in order to provide important references for the broader clinical application of TCM in the prevention and treatment of IPF.

Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide， ranking as the second leading cause of mortality globally and the primary cause of adult disability. Its pathological process involves complex cascade mechanisms， with high incidence and disability rates， posing a major threat to human health. According to statistics from the World Health Organization， more than 13 million new cases of stroke occur globally each year， resulting in direct medical costs and socioeconomic burdens amounting to hundreds of billions of dollars. In recent years， breakthroughs in the study of programmed cell death mechanisms have provided new insights into stroke treatment. Among them， ferroptosis， a novel form of cell death driven by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation， has attracted widespread attention in the pathological process of stroke. Ferroptosis is closely associated with iron metabolism disorders， oxidative stress， and lipid peroxidation， and exhibits unique regulatory effects in key pathological processes of stroke， such as ischemia-reperfusion injury， disruption of the blood-brain barrier， and neuronal apoptosis. It plays an important role in post-stroke neurological damage. Chinese medicine， as an essential component of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， has demonstrated advantages in modulating ferroptosis and exerting neuroprotective effects. This review systematically summarizes current research on the neuroprotective mechanisms of Chinese medicine compound formulas and monomers through the regulation of ferroptosis pathways in post-stroke conditions， aiming to provide a basis for optimizing clinical treatment strategies and exploring new therapeutic approaches， and to offer new strategies and approaches for stroke treatment.

Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide， ranking as the second leading cause of mortality globally and the primary cause of adult disability. Its pathological process involves complex cascade mechanisms， with high incidence and disability rates， posing a major threat to human health. According to statistics from the World Health Organization， more than 13 million new cases of stroke occur globally each year， resulting in direct medical costs and socioeconomic burdens amounting to hundreds of billions of dollars. In recent years， breakthroughs in the study of programmed cell death mechanisms have provided new insights into stroke treatment. Among them， ferroptosis， a novel form of cell death driven by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation， has attracted widespread attention in the pathological process of stroke. Ferroptosis is closely associated with iron metabolism disorders， oxidative stress， and lipid peroxidation， and exhibits unique regulatory effects in key pathological processes of stroke， such as ischemia-reperfusion injury， disruption of the blood-brain barrier， and neuronal apoptosis. It plays an important role in post-stroke neurological damage. Chinese medicine， as an essential component of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， has demonstrated advantages in modulating ferroptosis and exerting neuroprotective effects. This review systematically summarizes current research on the neuroprotective mechanisms of Chinese medicine compound formulas and monomers through the regulation of ferroptosis pathways in post-stroke conditions， aiming to provide a basis for optimizing clinical treatment strategies and exploring new therapeutic approaches， and to offer new strategies and approaches for stroke treatment.

Natural products (NPs) are an important source of new drugs for the treatment of stroke. Identifying cellular targets for bioactive molecules is a major challenge and critical issue in the development of new drugs for stroke. Small-molecule probes play a unique role in target discovery. However, drawbacks to these probes include non-specificity, unstable activity, and difficulty in synthesis. Small-molecule probes based on NPs at least partially compensate for these shortcomings. NPs feature rich chemical and structural diversity, biocompatibility, and unique biological activities. These features could be exploited to provide new ideas and tools for target discovery. Small-molecule probes based on NPs provide a precise and direct search for interacting protein targets of NPs-active small molecules. This review explores the properties of small-molecule probes based on NPs and their applications in mechanistic studies of stroke and other diseases. We hope that this review will bring new perspectives to the mechanistic study of NPs-active small molecules and accelerate the translation of these ingredients into drug candidates for the treatment of stroke.

Objective: To evaluate the shaping effect of the intraoral welding framework combined with the progressive pressure technique using an ovate pontic on the soft tissue aesthetic contour of implant-supported fixed dental prostheses (ISFDPs). Methods: The Medical Ethics Review Committee of this hospital approved this retrospective study, which was conducted on 32 patients with consecutive partial edentulous in the anterior teeth (20 males, 12 females, aged 40-68 years) who received 3- to 5-unit ISFDPs between August 2022 and March 2024. Titanium frameworks for provisional prostheses were fabricated using the intraoral welding technique and screw-retained to achieve precise passive fit. The pontics were designed into an ovate shape. A progressive pressure technique was applied by selectively adding 0.8-1 mm thick flowable resin to the tissue surface of the pontic, while ensuring the avoidance of tissue blanching. Patients have a follow-up visit every 4 weeks, and the pontics were adjusted 2-3 times as needed, to form an ovate socket in the corresponding soft tissue approximately 3 mm in depth and 2.5-3.0 mm in buccolingual curvature. Definitive restorations were delivered after the conditioning period, and patients were followed up for over 1 year. Outcome measures included mechanical complications, Pink Esthetic Score (PES), Papilla Index Score (PIS), and patient satisfaction assessed using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Results: During the follow-up period, no mechanical complications such as screw loosening or prosthesis fracture were observed in the 32 cases. The soft tissue aesthetic outcomes were favorable, with a mean total PES of 11.97 ± 1.18, and 96.9% of the cases achieving a score ≥ 8. According to the PIS, 93.5% of the proximal sites exhibited ideal papilla fill. VAS results indicated that 90.6% of patients were satisfied with the restorative outcome. Conclusion The technique combining an intraoral welding framework with progressive pressure using an ovate pontic can precisely shape the peri-implant soft tissue contour to mimic physiological morphology, achieving an ideal aesthetic outcome.

Hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） is one of the most common malignant tumors with high incidence and mortality rates worldwide， which brings a huge burden to the physical and mental health and socio-economic life of patients. The adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase （AMPK） signaling pathway serves as the regulatory center of cellular energy metabolism and is closely associated with the biological activities of HCC cells， including autophagy， apoptosis， and angiogenesis， and it has become a hot topic in current cancer research. Traditional Chinese medicine drugs are abundant in natural components such as flavonoids， alkaloids， and phenols and have the characteristics of multiple targets， pathways， components， and hierarchies. By targeting the AMPK signaling pathway， these components can be used alone or in combination with conventional antitumor therapies to exert an anti-tumor effect on HCC from various aspects. This article reviews and summarizes the extracts of traditional Chinese medicine that target the AMPK signaling pathway for the prevention and treatment of HCC， in order to provide a theoretical basis and a reference for the clinical application of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of HCC and the development of related drugs.

Malignant tumors in children are one of the most important diseases that threaten the health and quality of life of children and are the second most common cause of death in children.With the continuous improvement and progress of treatment technology, the long-term survival rate of children with tumor has been significantly improved, but both the disease itself and the treatment can impair the immune function of children, which makes them vulnerable to various infectious diseases and secondary serious complications, and even become a source of infection, endangering the health of others. Vaccination is the most cost-effective measure to prevent infectious diseases. For children with normal immune functions, the benefits of vaccination usually outweigh the disadvantages. However, there is a lack of detailed data on the vaccination situation, efficacy and safety of vaccine use for such immunocompromised tumor survivors, and there are no authoritative and uniform vaccination recommendations. This article reviewed and summarized the literature and consensus of some domestic and foreign scholars on current status of post-treatment vaccination status, efficacy and safety of vaccination for children with tumors after treatment, with the aim of providing a reference for the practice in this field in China.

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and temporal spatial clustering of hand, foot, and mouth disease in Hubei Province from 2010 to 2023, and to provide evidence for formulating prevention and control measures. Methods Descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the surveillance data of hand, foot, and mouth disease of Hubei Province from 2010 to 2023, and spatial clustering analysis was conducted at the district/county level using ArcGIS 10.5 software. Results A total of 1 007 600 cases of hand, foot, and mouth disease were reported from 2010 to 2023, and the average annual incidence rate was 123.60/100 000. Overall , it exhibited a cyclical pattern of high incidence every other year. Except for a few years, two peaks of incidence were observed each year, , with the first peak occurring between April to July and the second occurring in October to December, and the popular season was concentrated from April to July. Children aged < 5 years were primarily affected, with a high incidence in male patients (1.53:1). The incidence of hand, foot, and mouth disease showed a positive spatial autocorrelation（Moran's I was between 0.15 to 0.76, P<0.05）at the district/county level. The hot spots were concentrated in the northwest and southeast of Hubei Province, and the cool spots were concentrated in the east of central Hubei Province. Conclusion The incidence of hand, foot, and mouth disease has obvious seasonality and spatial clustering in Hubei Province. The key prevention and control areas are concentrated in the northwest and southeast of Hubei. Enhanced prevention and control measures should be targeted on children under 5 years old and key areas to effectively reduce the occurrence of cases.

Objective:To carry out genetic analysis on two families with carriers of small terminal translocations using karyotyping analysis and genomic copy number variation sequencing (CNV-seq).Methods:Two couples undergoing prenatal diagnosis at the Tianjin Central Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology respectively on April 12, 2020 and December 17, 2021 were selected as the study subjects. With informed consent, amniotic fluid and peripheral blood samples were collected and subjected to conventional karyotyping and CNV-seq analysis for the detection of chromosomal microdeletion/duplications.Results:Both couples had given births to children with chromosomal aberrations previously, and both fetuses were found to have abnormal karyotypes. CNV-seq showed that they had harbored microdeletion/duplications, and their mothers had both carried balanced translocations involving terminal fragments of chromosomes.Conclusion:For fetuses with small chromosomal segmental abnormalities, their parental origin should be traced, and the diagnosis should be confirmed with combined genetic techniques.

Aim To explore the related influencing factors of stroke in middle-aged and elderly population in China,and to construct a nomogram prediction model to provide more personalized reference for the prevention and treat-ment of stroke.Methods This study included 13 063 participants from the China Health and Retirement Tracking Survey project.This project conducted a cross-sectional survey in 2011 using a multi-stage sampling method,targeting in-dividuals aged 45 and above from 150 counties and 450 communities(villages)in 28 provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities).Detailed data were collected on participants'socio-demographic characteristics,physical measurements,health status,healthcare utilization,household income,and expenditure.The study participants were followed up to as-sess stroke in 2013,2015,and 2018.Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were employed to identify the factors associated with stroke incidence and to construct a nomogram predictive model.Results During the follow-up,774 participants developed to stroke.Multivariate Cox regression results showed that older age(HR=1.028,95％CI:1.019-1.038),being single(HR=1.295,95％CI:1.031-1.626),smoking(HR=1.264,95％CI:1.074-1.489),abnormal body mass index(HR=1.204,95％CI:1.020-1.420),hypertension(HR=2.200,95％CI:1.855-2.609)and diabetes(HR=1.483,95％CI:1.117～1.970)were the risk factors affecting the incidence of stroke,high levels of annual per capita expenditure(HR=0.783,95％CI:0.642-0.953)are antagonistic factors in the incidence of stroke.The nomogram constructed based on the above factors had good predictive performance,and its area under the curve(AUC)was about 0.700.Conclusion Old age,being single,smoking,abnormal body mass index,history of hypertension and diabetes are independent risk factors for stroke,the nomogram constructed based on these factors can help predict the incidence rate of stroke.