Existing emotion recognition research is typically limited to static laboratory settings and has not fully handle the changes in emotional states in dynamic scenarios. To address this problem, this paper proposes a method for dynamic continuous emotion recognition based on electroencephalography (EEG) and eye movement signals. Firstly, an experimental paradigm was designed to cover six dynamic emotion transition scenarios including happy to calm, calm to happy, sad to calm, calm to sad, nervous to calm, and calm to nervous. EEG and eye movement data were collected simultaneously from 20 subjects to fill the gap in current multimodal dynamic continuous emotion datasets. In the valence-arousal two-dimensional space, emotion ratings for stimulus videos were performed every five seconds on a scale of 1 to 9, and dynamic continuous emotion labels were normalized. Subsequently, frequency band features were extracted from the preprocessed EEG and eye movement data. A cascade feature fusion approach was used to effectively combine EEG and eye movement features, generating an information-rich multimodal feature vector. This feature vector was input into four regression models including support vector regression with radial basis function kernel, decision tree, random forest, and K-nearest neighbors, to develop the dynamic continuous emotion recognition model. The results showed that the proposed method achieved the lowest mean square error for valence and arousal across the six dynamic continuous emotions. This approach can accurately recognize various emotion transitions in dynamic situations, offering higher accuracy and robustness compared to using either EEG or eye movement signals alone, making it well-suited for practical applications.
Humans ; Electroencephalography/methods* ; Emotions/physiology* ; Eye Movements/physiology* ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Support Vector Machine ; Algorithms

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the simultaneous determination of flavonoids components in Astragali Ra-dix,and to explore the relationship among flavonoids components,varieties,origins and planting patterns. METHODS:HPLC was performed on the column of Venusil ASB with mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.3% formic acid (gradient elution) at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min,detection wavelength was 260 nm,and column temperature was 25 ℃. Medicinal material quality of Astragalus mem-branaceus (Fisch.) Bge. var. mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao and A. membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge of wild and cultivated from different province was compared. RESULTS:The linear range of the mass concentration was 0.008 9-2.224 mg/ml for calycosin glucoside (r=0.999 5),0.005 2-1.3 mg/ml for ononin(r=0.999 6),0.002 8-0.697 6 mg/ml for calycosin(r=0.999 9)and 0.002-0.5 mg/ml for formononetin (r=0.999 9);RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were lower than 1%;recoveries were 99.52%-100.74%(RSD=0.41%,n=6)for calycosin glucoside,98.84%-100.60%(RSD=0.60%,n=6)for ononin ,98.47%-101.74%(RSD=1.08%,n=6)for calycosin,100.10%-101.59%(RSD=0.32%,n=6)for formononetin. In terms of varieties,the contents of calycosin glycosides,ononin and flavonoids in A. membranaceus(Fisch.)Bge. var. mongholicus(Bge.)Hsiao were higher than those of A. membranaceus (Fisch.)Bge,but the contents of calycosin and formononetin were less than those of A. membranaceus (Fisch.)Bge;in terms of origins,calycosin glycosides and flavonoids of Inner Mongolia and Shanxi held the highest contents,fol-lowed by those of Northeast China and Gansu,and lowest in Shandong,Anhui and Shaanxi;in terms of planting patterns,the con-tents of calycosin glycosides,ononin and flavonoids of wild Astragali Radix were higher than those of cultivated varieties,and the contents of calycosin and formononetin of cultivated varieties were higher than those of wild ones. CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple,stable and reproducible,and can be used for the simultaneous determination of flavonoids components in Astragali Radix. The flavonoids components show great differences in Astragali Radix from different origins,and they are affected by varieties,ori-gins and planting patterns.

Objective To explore the effects of ligustrazine (TMP) on acute drug -induced free radical for-mation in guinea pig cochlear ,and to explore possible mechanisms of TMP on gentamycin(GM)-induced ototoxici-ty .Methods Sixty guinea pigs were randomly divided into four groups ,control group ,GM group ,TMP group and TMP+GM group .GM group were injected with GM 120 mg/kg per day .TMP group were injected with TMP 40 mg/kg per day .TMP+GM group were injected with GM and TMP at the same dosage .Control group were injected with normal saline .All groups were injected for consecutive 10 days .Before injection and one day after the last injec-tion ,ABR thresholds were measured .Biochemical assays of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD1 ,SOD2 ,T -SOD) activity and ma1ondia1dehyde(MDA) content in guinea pig cochlear were detected by TBA .Results After the injection , ABR thresholds in GM group were significantly increased compared with those of in control group (P<0 .01) ,with significant difference between GM +TMP and GM group(P<0 .01) .Before and after the experiment ,ABR thresholds in control group were almost unchanged(P>0 .05) .SOD activity was significantly decreased while MDA content was increased in cochlear tissues after GM injection (P<0 .05) .Co -treatment with TMP evidently enhanced SOD activity and decreased MDA content (P<0 .05) .Conclusion TMP may enhance SOD activity and prevent lipid per-oxidation ,thus alleviate GM ototoxicity ,and improve auditory function .

BACKGROUND: Revascularization of trachea following trachea transplantation needs to be solved.OBJECTIVE: To explore the empirical methods of allogeneil graft of long-segment trachea and its revascularization.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: The animal observation experiment was performed at the Department of Chest Surgery, Shandong Provincial Chest Hospital between June 2007 and June 2008.MATERIALS: Totally 20 healthy, New Zealand rabbits, were provided by animal center of Medical School of Shandong University. Additional 10 rabbits were used as donors, and 10 rabbits were served as recipients.METHODS: The mucosa and smooth muscle in trachea of donor rabbits was removed, and the anular ligaments were shear opened or intensive drilling to obtain tracheal cartilage scaffold with fissure or mesh. A jejunum with vascular pedicle was harvested from recipient rabbits, which was longer than tracheal cartilage scaffold. The cartilages rings were wrapped with greater omentum. Finally, the constructed simulating trachea was replaced in the abdominal cavity. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Growth of retina and tracheal cartilage.RESULTS: Abdominal cavity of recipient rabbit was opened after 2 weeks, and it was observed with gross observation and pathological section: There was no collapse in the lumens of tracheal allografts with good elasticity tracheal wall. The blood of omentum and intestinalmucosa that wrapped tracheal allograft was circulating well; and there was no cellular necrosis and merging in xenogenic cartilagines tracheales. CONCLUSION: The study fulfilled the stage one reconstruction and revascularization of tracheal allograft in abdominal cavity of recipient. Stenopeic tracheal stand wrapped with pedicled omentum and intestinalmucosa of recipient made allograft not restricted by length, which is critical to revascularization of long-segment trachea.