Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of the transperineal four-hole prostate puncture with conventional transperineal prostate puncture. Methods A total of 91 patients undergoing transperineal prostate puncture at the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University during Jan. 2024 and Jan. 2025 were enrolled. Based on the puncture methods, the patients were divided into the four-hole group(n=46)and conventional group(n=45). The four-hole group underwent four-hole puncture, while the conventional group received standardized parallel needle insertion. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, pain score, positive biopsy rate, and complications were compared between the two groups. Results The intraoperative blood loss [(7.05±2.48)mL vs.(9.15±3.49)mL] and pain score [(2.33±1.55)vs.(3.02± 1.54)] of the four-hole group were significantly lower than those of the conventional group(P＜0.05). No significant differences were observed in the positive biopsy rate [47.8%(22/46)vs. 46.7%(21/45)] or operation time [(18.83±2.49)min vs.(18.07±1.66)min](P＞0.05). The total complication rate in the four-hole group was significantly lower than that in the conventional group [21.7%(10/46)vs. 42.2%(19/45), P＜0.05]. Conclusion Compared with the conventional parallel needle insertion method, the four-hole puncture technique reduces the intraoperative blood loss, alleviates trauma severity and pain response, and reduces the complication rate.

Fracture of humeral capitellum (FHC) in children is often detected on the coronal plane of the distal humerus.It is an intra-articular fracture, often a Salter-Harris type Ⅲ epiphyseal fracture, which is extremely rare in clinical practice and accounts for only about 1% of elbow fractures in children.This type of fracture tends to extend medially involving the trochlea, so it is also known as capitellar trochlea fracture.The rarity of this fracture makes it difficult to differentiate it from other elbow fractures on X-ray, which finally leads to miss-diagnosis or misdiagnosis as epicondylar humerus fracture or intercondylar fracture, etc.Since FHC is an intra-articular and epiphyseal fracture, inappropriate treatment will results in irreversible consequences, so the diagnosis and treatment of FHC in children are challenging.Currently, there are few studies on FHC in children, and most of related studies are case reports.Therefore, the classification and treatment of FHC in children are performed based on only the experience of FHC treatment in adults.Incisional reduction and internal fixation is the preferred treatment for most FHC children, but the efficacy of this treatment lacks the support of controlled studies with a large sample size.The mechanism of injury, staging, diagnosis, treatment, postoperative rehabilitation, and complications of pediatric FHC were reviewed in this paper to improve clinicians' understanding of pediatric FHC.

Objective:To investigate the effects of anisodamine hydrobromide (654-1), 654-1+ norepinephrine and norepinephrine on early hemodynamic indexes of piglets with septic shock.Methods:A total of 38 healthy Bama pigs were selected as the study subjects, 32 of which were treated with lipopolysaccharide to create septic shock piglet model, and the other 6 were sham operation group. The animals were randomly divided into control group ( n=8), drug treatment group [654-1 group ( n=8), 654-1+ norepinephrine group ( n=8), norepinephrine group ( n=8)]. Hemodynamic parameters were recorded at T 0 (basic state), T 1 (successful shock modeling), T 2 (1 h after successful modeling), T 3 (2 h after successful modeling), T 4 (4 h after successful modeling), T 5 (6 h after successful modeling) and T 6 (8 h after successful modeling) respectively, including: Mean arterial pressure (MAP), cardiac index (CI), whole-heart end-diastolic volume index (GEDI), lactic acid (LAC). Results:Except for the sham operation group, MAP of all treatment groups at T 1 was significantly lower than that at T 0 (all P<0.05). MAP of all treatment groups at T 2-T 6 was significantly higher than that at T 1 (all P<0.05). T 1 MAP of all treatment groups was significantly lower than that of the sham operation group (all P<0.05). MAP at T 2-T 6 in the norepinephrine group and the 654-1+ norepinephrine group was higher than that in the control group (all P<0.05), and MAP at T 2-T 4 in the 654-1 group was significantly lower than that in the 654-1+ norepinephrine group (all P<0.05). LAC of all treatment groups at T 1-T 3 was significantly higher than that at T 0 (all P<0.05) except the sham operation group. LAC in the group 654-1 at T 4 to T 6 was significantly lower than that at T 1 (all P<0.05). LAC in the group 654-1 at T 4-T 6 was significantly lower than that in the norepinephrine group and the control group (all P<0.05). The CI of norepinephrine group at T 2, T 5 and T 6 was lower than that at T 0 (all P<0.05). There was no significant difference in CI between T 2 and T 6 compared with T 1 (all P>0.05). CI of the 654-1+ norepinephrine group at T 4 was significantly lower than that of T 0 ( P<0.05); The CI of the 654-1 group at T 2 was significantly higher than that of T 1 ( P<0.05). CI at T 1 in the 654-1+ norepinephrine group was significantly lower than that in the sham operation group (all P<0.05). The GEDI at T 1 to T 5 in the 654-1 group was significantly lower than that at T 0 in the 6541+ norepinephrine group (all P<0.05), and the GEDI at T 1 to T 2 was significantly lower than that at T 0 in the 6541+ norepinephrine group (all P<0.05), while the GEDI at T 2 and T 4 was higher than that at T 1 (all P<0.05). Conclusions:MAP decreased significantly in septic shock, LAC increased significantly in the early stage of shock. 654-1 can improve MAP in early stage of septic shock, and significantly reduce LAC level in early stage of septic shock.

Objective:To investigate the effects of anisodamine hydrobromide (654-1), 654-1+ norepinephrine and norepinephrine on early hemodynamic indexes of piglets with septic shock.Methods:A total of 38 healthy Bama pigs were selected as the study subjects, 32 of which were treated with lipopolysaccharide to create septic shock piglet model, and the other 6 were sham operation group. The animals were randomly divided into control group ( n=8), drug treatment group [654-1 group ( n=8), 654-1+ norepinephrine group ( n=8), norepinephrine group ( n=8)]. Hemodynamic parameters were recorded at T 0 (basic state), T 1 (successful shock modeling), T 2 (1 h after successful modeling), T 3 (2 h after successful modeling), T 4 (4 h after successful modeling), T 5 (6 h after successful modeling) and T 6 (8 h after successful modeling) respectively, including: Mean arterial pressure (MAP), cardiac index (CI), whole-heart end-diastolic volume index (GEDI), lactic acid (LAC). Results:Except for the sham operation group, MAP of all treatment groups at T 1 was significantly lower than that at T 0 (all P<0.05). MAP of all treatment groups at T 2-T 6 was significantly higher than that at T 1 (all P<0.05). T 1 MAP of all treatment groups was significantly lower than that of the sham operation group (all P<0.05). MAP at T 2-T 6 in the norepinephrine group and the 654-1+ norepinephrine group was higher than that in the control group (all P<0.05), and MAP at T 2-T 4 in the 654-1 group was significantly lower than that in the 654-1+ norepinephrine group (all P<0.05). LAC of all treatment groups at T 1-T 3 was significantly higher than that at T 0 (all P<0.05) except the sham operation group. LAC in the group 654-1 at T 4 to T 6 was significantly lower than that at T 1 (all P<0.05). LAC in the group 654-1 at T 4-T 6 was significantly lower than that in the norepinephrine group and the control group (all P<0.05). The CI of norepinephrine group at T 2, T 5 and T 6 was lower than that at T 0 (all P<0.05). There was no significant difference in CI between T 2 and T 6 compared with T 1 (all P>0.05). CI of the 654-1+ norepinephrine group at T 4 was significantly lower than that of T 0 ( P<0.05); The CI of the 654-1 group at T 2 was significantly higher than that of T 1 ( P<0.05). CI at T 1 in the 654-1+ norepinephrine group was significantly lower than that in the sham operation group (all P<0.05). The GEDI at T 1 to T 5 in the 654-1 group was significantly lower than that at T 0 in the 6541+ norepinephrine group (all P<0.05), and the GEDI at T 1 to T 2 was significantly lower than that at T 0 in the 6541+ norepinephrine group (all P<0.05), while the GEDI at T 2 and T 4 was higher than that at T 1 (all P<0.05). Conclusions:MAP decreased significantly in septic shock, LAC increased significantly in the early stage of shock. 654-1 can improve MAP in early stage of septic shock, and significantly reduce LAC level in early stage of septic shock.

Objective:To assess the preliminary efficacy and safety of modified Société Internationale d′Oncologie Pédiatrique Epithelial Liver Tumor Study Group (SIOPEL)-4 protocol for pediatric hepatoblastoma (HB) with lung metastases.Methods:This prospective cohort study enrolled 27 newly diagnosed pediatric HB with lung metastases who received the modified SIOPEL-4 protocol at Shanghai Children′s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, and Shanghai Children′s Hospital between January 2020 to December 2023. Clinical characteristics, lung response rates to induction chemotherapy, treatment outcomes, prognostic factors and sever chemotherapy toxicities at different stages were analyzed. Survival analysis was performed by Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate prognostic analysis was conducted by Log-Rank test.Results:Of the 27 patients, there were 17 males and 10 females, with the age of 21 (15, 33) months. During the follow-up of 31 (12, 45) months for 17 continuous complete remission patients, 4 cases disease progression (2 cases death) and 6 cases relapse were observed. The 2-year event free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) rate was (58±11)% and (89±7)%, respectively. All the 27 patients had response to block 1-3 induction chemotherapy (cisplatin+doxorubicin), with 14 cases (52%) achieving complete response and 13 cases (48%) achieving partial response of lung metastatic lesions, the 2-year EFS rate was (81±12)% and (34±14)%, respectively ( χ 2=6.76, P=0.009), the 2-year OS rate was 100% and (79±13)%, respectively ( χ2=2.12, P=0.145). Patients with caudate lobe tumors or ≥10 pulmonary metastatic nodules had significantly lower EFS rates ( χ2=5.36, 7.84, P=0.021, 0.005, respectively). The incidence of grade 3/4 neutropenia after block 1-3 induction chemotherapy, CD (carboplatin+doxorubicin), and VI (vincristine+irinotecan) consolidation chemotherapy was 90% (73/81), 75% (58/77), and 31% (11/35), respectively. The incidence of grade 3/4 thrombocytopenia was 77% (62/81), 69% (53/77), and 14% (5/35), respectively. The incidence of grade 3/4 infections was 64% (52/81), 25% (19/77), and 20% (7/35), respectively. The differences between the groups were statistically significant ( χ2=43.51, 42.69, 33.00, all P<0.001). Two patients (10%) of the 20 evaluable patients for ototoxicity occurred grade 3 and higher hearing impairment, with 1 patient requiring a hearing aid. Conclusions:The modified SIOPEL-4 regimen shows good preliminary efficacy and safety in treating pediatric HB with lung metastases. The prognosis for patients with residual lesions in the lungs after induction chemotherapy needs to be improved. Attention should be given to the ototoxicity induced by high-dose cisplatin chemotherapy.

Based on a letrozole-induced rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), serum metabolomics was employed to characterize metabolic abnormalities, identify potential biomarkers, and investigate their roles in the pathogenesis and progression of PCOS. Metabolomic analyses revealed significantly decreased levels of cholesterol, pregnenolone, leucine, and citrate in the serum of model rats, accompanied by elevated levels of androsterone glucuronide (ADTG) and linoleic acid, indicating dysregulation of key pathways including steroid biosynthesis, branched-chain amino acid metabolism, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and lipid metabolism. To elucidate the tissue origins and molecular mechanisms underlying these metabolic alterations, ovarian proteomics and qRT-PCR analyses were further integrated. The results confirmed the upregulation of key enzymes involved in the related metabolic pathways, such as 17α-hydroxylase (CYP17A1), 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD11B1), branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase (BCAT2), fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2), and oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (OGDH). These findings suggest that both “cholesterol precursor depletion-androgen accumulation” and “energy/lipid metabolic reprogramming” constitute core features of metabolic disturbances in PCOS. Through multi-omic cross-validation, six serum metabolites with high stability and clinical translational potential were identified as promising combinational biomarkers for the auxiliary diagnosis of PCOS. This study employed a metabolomics-guided strategy, supported by proteomic and transcriptomic validation, which has not only deepened our understanding of PCOS metabolic mechanisms but also provided us with a theoretical foundation for its auxiliary diagnosis.

Fracture of humeral capitellum (FHC) in children is often detected on the coronal plane of the distal humerus.It is an intra-articular fracture, often a Salter-Harris type Ⅲ epiphyseal fracture, which is extremely rare in clinical practice and accounts for only about 1% of elbow fractures in children.This type of fracture tends to extend medially involving the trochlea, so it is also known as capitellar trochlea fracture.The rarity of this fracture makes it difficult to differentiate it from other elbow fractures on X-ray, which finally leads to miss-diagnosis or misdiagnosis as epicondylar humerus fracture or intercondylar fracture, etc.Since FHC is an intra-articular and epiphyseal fracture, inappropriate treatment will results in irreversible consequences, so the diagnosis and treatment of FHC in children are challenging.Currently, there are few studies on FHC in children, and most of related studies are case reports.Therefore, the classification and treatment of FHC in children are performed based on only the experience of FHC treatment in adults.Incisional reduction and internal fixation is the preferred treatment for most FHC children, but the efficacy of this treatment lacks the support of controlled studies with a large sample size.The mechanism of injury, staging, diagnosis, treatment, postoperative rehabilitation, and complications of pediatric FHC were reviewed in this paper to improve clinicians' understanding of pediatric FHC.

Objective:To assess the preliminary efficacy and safety of modified Société Internationale d′Oncologie Pédiatrique Epithelial Liver Tumor Study Group (SIOPEL)-4 protocol for pediatric hepatoblastoma (HB) with lung metastases.Methods:This prospective cohort study enrolled 27 newly diagnosed pediatric HB with lung metastases who received the modified SIOPEL-4 protocol at Shanghai Children′s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, and Shanghai Children′s Hospital between January 2020 to December 2023. Clinical characteristics, lung response rates to induction chemotherapy, treatment outcomes, prognostic factors and sever chemotherapy toxicities at different stages were analyzed. Survival analysis was performed by Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate prognostic analysis was conducted by Log-Rank test.Results:Of the 27 patients, there were 17 males and 10 females, with the age of 21 (15, 33) months. During the follow-up of 31 (12, 45) months for 17 continuous complete remission patients, 4 cases disease progression (2 cases death) and 6 cases relapse were observed. The 2-year event free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) rate was (58±11)% and (89±7)%, respectively. All the 27 patients had response to block 1-3 induction chemotherapy (cisplatin+doxorubicin), with 14 cases (52%) achieving complete response and 13 cases (48%) achieving partial response of lung metastatic lesions, the 2-year EFS rate was (81±12)% and (34±14)%, respectively ( χ 2=6.76, P=0.009), the 2-year OS rate was 100% and (79±13)%, respectively ( χ2=2.12, P=0.145). Patients with caudate lobe tumors or ≥10 pulmonary metastatic nodules had significantly lower EFS rates ( χ2=5.36, 7.84, P=0.021, 0.005, respectively). The incidence of grade 3/4 neutropenia after block 1-3 induction chemotherapy, CD (carboplatin+doxorubicin), and VI (vincristine+irinotecan) consolidation chemotherapy was 90% (73/81), 75% (58/77), and 31% (11/35), respectively. The incidence of grade 3/4 thrombocytopenia was 77% (62/81), 69% (53/77), and 14% (5/35), respectively. The incidence of grade 3/4 infections was 64% (52/81), 25% (19/77), and 20% (7/35), respectively. The differences between the groups were statistically significant ( χ2=43.51, 42.69, 33.00, all P<0.001). Two patients (10%) of the 20 evaluable patients for ototoxicity occurred grade 3 and higher hearing impairment, with 1 patient requiring a hearing aid. Conclusions:The modified SIOPEL-4 regimen shows good preliminary efficacy and safety in treating pediatric HB with lung metastases. The prognosis for patients with residual lesions in the lungs after induction chemotherapy needs to be improved. Attention should be given to the ototoxicity induced by high-dose cisplatin chemotherapy.

Objective:To investigate the types and number of symptom clusters in patients undergoing sphincter-preserving surgery for rectal cancer and explore the influencing factors of these symptom clusters.Methods:Totally 192 patients who underwent sphincter-preserving surgery for rectal cancer in the Department of General Surgery at Peking University Third Hospital between January 2021 and January 2023 were selected by convenience sampling. A general information questionnaire, Post-sphincter-preserving Surgery Symptom Questionnaire, and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF) were used for data collection.Results:A total of 192 questionnaires were distributed, with 159 valid questionnaires returned. Exploratory factor analysis on 18 symptoms with an incidence rate of over 10.0% identified five primary symptom clusters: the psychological symptom cluster, increased defecation cluster, fatigue-pain cluster, sleep disturbance cluster, and constipation-related cluster. Logistic regression analysis showed that postoperative duration was an influencing factor for the psychological symptom cluster ( P<0.05) ; preoperative radiotherapy and postoperative duration were influencing factors for the increased defecation cluster ( P<0.05) ; postoperative chemotherapy was an influencing factor for the fatigue-pain cluster ( P<0.05) ; and weekly sedentary time was an influencing factor for the sleep disturbance cluster ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:Patients undergoing sphincter-preserving surgery for rectal cancer experience multiple symptom clusters. Preoperative radiotherapy and prolonged sedentary behavior increase the risk of symptom clusters, and different postoperative periods are associated with varying risks for different symptom clusters. However, physical activity levels do not appear to influence the occurrence of symptom clusters. Healthcare providers should implement targeted interventions based on the symptom clusters and their influencing factors to reduce the incidence of symptoms in patients.

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of Dahuang Fuzi decoction(DHFZT)on the killing effect of natural killer(NK)cells and the growth of lung cancer xenografts in mice.Lewis lung cancer xenograft model was constructed,and the mice were randomly divided to the normal saline group,low and high concentrations of DHFZT groups.The growth of lung cancer xenografts in mice in the control group,low and high concentration of DHFZT treatment groups was detected.The levels of IFN-y,IL-2 and IL-10 were detected by ELISA.The killing effect of NK cells was detected by calcein release assay.The release of CD107α was detected by flow cytometry.The expression of activated receptors and the tumor cell surface ligands were detected in the con-trol group and DHFZT treatment groups.The results showed that the xenografts of Lewis mice in the DHFZT treatment groups were grown slower than that in the control group in a dose depend-ent manner(P＜0.05).Compared with the control groups,the levels of IL-2 and IFN-y in tumor tissues were increased in DHFZT treatment groups(P＜0.05),but no significant changes in IL-10.Calcein release assay showed that the killing efficiency of NK cells in the DHFZT treatment groups was increased(P＜0.05).The secretion level of IFN-y in the culture supernatant was increased by DHFZT treatment(P＜0.05).DHFZT treatment increased the expression level of CD107α of NK cells.The expression of MIC A/B on the surface of A549 and H1299 cells was up-regulated by DHFZT treatment,but not the expression of inhibitory ligand HLA-ABC.The results showed that DHFZT enhanced the killing effect of NK cells on mouse lung cancer cells by up-reg-ulating the expression of MIC A/B,increasing the secretion of IFN-y and CD107α.Hence,these re-sults indicated that DHFZT suppresses the lung cancer growth potential through regulating the killing effect of NK cells.