Fracture of humeral capitellum (FHC) in children is often detected on the coronal plane of the distal humerus.It is an intra-articular fracture, often a Salter-Harris type Ⅲ epiphyseal fracture, which is extremely rare in clinical practice and accounts for only about 1% of elbow fractures in children.This type of fracture tends to extend medially involving the trochlea, so it is also known as capitellar trochlea fracture.The rarity of this fracture makes it difficult to differentiate it from other elbow fractures on X-ray, which finally leads to miss-diagnosis or misdiagnosis as epicondylar humerus fracture or intercondylar fracture, etc.Since FHC is an intra-articular and epiphyseal fracture, inappropriate treatment will results in irreversible consequences, so the diagnosis and treatment of FHC in children are challenging.Currently, there are few studies on FHC in children, and most of related studies are case reports.Therefore, the classification and treatment of FHC in children are performed based on only the experience of FHC treatment in adults.Incisional reduction and internal fixation is the preferred treatment for most FHC children, but the efficacy of this treatment lacks the support of controlled studies with a large sample size.The mechanism of injury, staging, diagnosis, treatment, postoperative rehabilitation, and complications of pediatric FHC were reviewed in this paper to improve clinicians' understanding of pediatric FHC.

Fracture of humeral capitellum (FHC) in children is often detected on the coronal plane of the distal humerus.It is an intra-articular fracture, often a Salter-Harris type Ⅲ epiphyseal fracture, which is extremely rare in clinical practice and accounts for only about 1% of elbow fractures in children.This type of fracture tends to extend medially involving the trochlea, so it is also known as capitellar trochlea fracture.The rarity of this fracture makes it difficult to differentiate it from other elbow fractures on X-ray, which finally leads to miss-diagnosis or misdiagnosis as epicondylar humerus fracture or intercondylar fracture, etc.Since FHC is an intra-articular and epiphyseal fracture, inappropriate treatment will results in irreversible consequences, so the diagnosis and treatment of FHC in children are challenging.Currently, there are few studies on FHC in children, and most of related studies are case reports.Therefore, the classification and treatment of FHC in children are performed based on only the experience of FHC treatment in adults.Incisional reduction and internal fixation is the preferred treatment for most FHC children, but the efficacy of this treatment lacks the support of controlled studies with a large sample size.The mechanism of injury, staging, diagnosis, treatment, postoperative rehabilitation, and complications of pediatric FHC were reviewed in this paper to improve clinicians' understanding of pediatric FHC.

Screening for diabetes and its complications contributes to slowing the progression of diabetes mellitus. Based on the setting of grass-roots diabetes complication screening workstation with the concept of two stages of screening and three levels of prevention, we proposed a hospital-community-family integrated diabetes management strategy. This article discusses the background, organization structure, operation mechanism and implementation process of this strategy, aiming to provide reference for constructing a suitable and practical grass-roots diabetes management model.

Objective To investigate the application of machine learning to predict the hemodynamic parameters of combined stenotic left coronary artery(LCA)aneurysms.Methods Parameterized modeling and simulation based on the geometric parameter range of combined stenosis LCA aneurysms in clinical statistics were conducted.The obtained simulation data was used as the dataset,and two common machine learning models were constructed and trained for optimization to predict two key hemodynamic parameters:wall shear stress(WSS)and pressure.By comparing and analyzing the performances of these models on the training and testing sets,the accuracy of each model was evaluated,and the effectiveness of the data-driven prediction of hemodynamic parameters for LCA aneurysms with concomitant stenosis was verified.Results The effectiveness of machine learning method in inverting the hemodynamic parameters of aneurysms was determined.For WSS prediction,the trained deep learning model and random forest model achieved mean squared error(MSE),mean absolute error(MAE),and determination coefficient R2 of 0.052 8,0.032 2,0.988 3,and 0.078 2,0.046 3,and 0.976 6,respectively.For pressure prediction,the accuracies of the deep learning models and random forest models were comparable,with MSE,MAE,and R2 of 4.67×10-6,3×10-4,0.999 7,and 1.07×10-5,5×10-4,and 0.999 3,respectively.Conclusions Machine learning methods show high accuracy in predicting the hemodynamic parameters of combined stenotic coronary artery aneurysm models.The predictive accuracy of the model,computational efficiency,and needs of the application scenarios need to be considered in machine learning prediction so that the appropriate model can be selected according to the specific situation.This study has clinical significance,helping doctors to more accurately evaluate a patient's condition and provide new ideas and method for the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.

Glioblastoma is a common malignant tumor in the central nervous system,often exhibiting radiation resistance.Drug delivery systems can help to overcome the blood-brain barrier and targeted delivery of radiation sensitizers to glioblastoma,thereby enhancing the efficacy of radiation therapy,which has received increasing attention.This review focuses on the relationship between radiation resistance and the intrinsic DNA damage repair mechanism,the clearance of reactive oxygen species with DNA and membrane attack,and the rapid proliferation of glioblastoma stem cells.It also discusses the performance of inorganic nanomaterials,organic composite materials,and bionic drug delivery systems in solving the problem of trans-barrier delivery,and summarizes the design method of drug delivery systems for crossing the blood-brain barrier and targeted delivery of radiation sensitizers to glioblastoma,to provide some possible direction for solving the clinical translation problems of nano delivery systems.

Objective: To investigate the ameliorative effects of Mushroom on adipose tissue inflammation and glucolipid metabolism in mice fed a high-fat diet, and to provide a theoretical basis for the mechanisms of Mushroom regulating glucolipid metabolism and inflammatory responses. Methods: C57 BL/6 J mice were fed with normal diet(LF) group, high-fat diet(HF)group and high-fat diet + Mushroom(HF+Mushroom) group for 15 weeks.Then, body weight subcutaneous and epididymal white adipose tissue weight were measured. The morphological changes of adipose tissues were compared by HE staining, and the expression of genes related to inflamation, glycolysis and fatty acid oxidation pathways were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. Results: Compared with the LF group, the HF group had increased body weight, increased subcutaneous and epididymal white fat weight and adipocyte size, and upregulated expression of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-6(IL-6), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1), CD68, inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS), pyruvate kinase(PK), phosphofructokinase(PFK), hypoxia inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α) and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha(PPARα) in adipose tissues, while the expression of carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1 A(CPT-1 A), cytochrome P450 4 a10(CYP4 a10) and medium-chain acyl-coenzyme a dehydrogenase(MCAD) were downregulated(P<0.05). Compared with the HF group, Mushroom supplementation reduced body weight, adipose tissue weight and adipocyte size, and downregulated the expression of pro-inflammatory factors and glycolytic pathway-related factors in adipose tissues, while the expression of fatty acid oxidation pathway-related factors were upregulated(P<0.05). Conclusion Mushroom can ameliorate inflammation and disorders of glycolipid metabolism in adipose tissues of obese mice.

Objective: To establish the functional occlusal morphology of fixed prostheses by using functional generated path (FGP) technology on a three-dimensional-printed diagnostic crown in order to decrease the chance of occlusal adjustment during try-in procedure of the complete crown, and to avoid the risk of occlusal interference after cementation of prosthesis. Methods: A double-blind clinical trial was performed. Ten subjects (4 males, 6 females) who needed a first molar complete crown restoration were enrolled in Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology from July 2018 to December 2018. The working models with the abutment teeth of the ten participants were scanned to obtain the digital models, then the occlusal surfaces of crown were formed by either FGP technology on a three-dimensional (3D) printed diagnostic crown and then were scanned directly for computer aided design and computer aided manufacture (CAD/CAM) crown fabrication as experiment group, or conventional technology based on database as control group. Then zirconia crowns were fabricated for two groups. During crown try-in of the two groups, preferred crowns of subjects were recorded, the occlusal contact criteria including the occlusal contact area (mm²), the heights of occlusal high spot (mm) before and after the adjustment of crowns were digitally analyzed, and the amount of adjustment (mm and mm³) were calculated on digital models by using a reverse engineering software (Giomagic Sudio & Quality). Differences of values were compared statistically with paired t-test (α=0.05). Results: The amount for occlusal adjustment for crowns in the experiment group [(7.320±4.238) mm³] was statistically less than that in the control group [(20.178±9.650) mm³] (P<0.05), the occlusal contact area of experiment group [(11.430±4.102) mm²] was statistically bigger than that of the control group [(4.808±3.223) mm²] (P<0.05), the heights of occlusal high spots for crowns in the experiment group was (0.043±0.019) mm while it was (0.594±0.201) mm in the control group with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). Conclusions This method could lead to a crown with less adjustment of occlusion, less occlusal high spot and less risk of occlusal interferences.