Myocardial infarction is a cardiovascular disease (CVD) with high morbidity and mortality, which can trigger a cascade of cardiac pathophysiological changes, including fibrosis, inflammation, ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), and ventricular remodeling, ultimately leading to heart failure (HF). While conventional pharmacological treatments and clinical reperfusion therapy may enhance short-term prognoses and emergency survival rates, both approaches have limitations and adverse effects. Natural products (NPs) are extensively utilized as therapeutics globally, with some demonstrating potentially favorable therapeutic effects in preclinical and clinical pharmacological studies, positioning them as potential alternatives to modern drugs. This review comprehensively elucidates the pathophysiological mechanisms during myocardial infarction and summarizes the mechanisms by which NPs exert cardiac beneficial effects. These include classical mechanisms such as inhibition of inflammation and oxidative stress, alleviation of cardiomyocyte death, attenuation of cardiac fibrosis, improvement of angiogenesis, and emerging mechanisms such as cardiac metabolic regulation and histone modification. Furthermore, the review emphasizes the modulation by NPs of novel targets or signaling pathways in classical mechanisms, including other forms of regulated cell death (RCD), endothelial-mesenchymal transition, non-coding ribonucleic acids (ncRNAs) cascade, and endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) function. Additionally, NPs influencing a particular mechanism are categorized based on their chemical structure, and their relevance is discussed. Finally, the current limitations and prospects of NPs therapy are considered, highlighting their potential for use in myocardial infarction management and identifying issues that require urgent attention.
Humans ; Myocardial Infarction/genetics* ; Biological Products/therapeutic use* ; Animals ; Oxidative Stress/drug effects* ; Signal Transduction/drug effects*

Objective:To explore the relationship between the morphology of the carotid siphon, its related risk factors, and cerebral blood flow perfusion in patients with arteriosclerotic cerebral small vessel disease (aCSVD), and provide imaging evidence for the etiology of aCSVD.Methods:A total of 130 aCSVD patients hospitalized in the Department of Neurology of the First People′s Hospital of Hefei from March 2022 to June 2024, all of whom underwent multimodal imaging assessments, were enrolled. The baseline data were collected, and the morphology of the carotid siphon was visually evaluated using post-processing of head and neck computed tomography angiography (CTA), which was categorized into U-type ( n=63), C-type ( n=32), and V-type ( n=35). Calcification degree was semi-quantitatively assessed based on transverse CTA images. Cerebral perfusion was measured using magnetic resonance arterial spin labeling. The relationship between different siphon segment morphologies, calcification degrees, their risk factors, and cerebral blood flow perfusion was analyzed using analysis of variance and multinomial Logistic regression. Results:Univariate analysis of the 3 siphon types showed significant differences in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [U-type (2.44±0.84) mmol/L,V-type (2.21±0.57) mmol/L, C-type (2.89±1.07) mmol/L, F=5.578, P=0.005], calcification degree [Among the 63 cases in the U-type group, 19 cases (30.15%) had mild calcification, 20 cases (31.75%) had moderate calcification, and 24 cases (38.10%) had severe calcification; among the 35 cases in the V-type group, 20 cases (57.14%) had mild calcification, 10 cases (28.57%) had moderate calcification, and 5 cases (14.29%) had severe calcification; among the 32 cases in the C-type group, 12 cases (37.50%) had mild calcification, 14 cases (43.75%) had moderate calcification, and 6 cases (18.75%) had severe calcification; χ2=13.092, P=0.011], and total aCSVD load [modified aCSVD load score: U-type 4.00(1.00, 4.00),V-type 3.00(1.00, 4.00),C-type 2.00(2.00, 4.00), H=9.997, P=0.007]. Multivariate Logistic regression revealed that patients with U-shaped siphons had a significantly higher overall aCSVD load than those with C-shaped siphons, with a regression coefficient of 0.728, and a statistically significant difference ( OR=2.070 ,95% CI 1.026-4.178, P=0.042). Additionally, total brain and white matter cerebral blood flow were decreased in patients with U-type siphons compared to those with C-type and V-type, primarily involving bilateral superior frontal gyri, left orbital frontal gyrus, and left straight gyrus regions (false discovery rate correction, P<0.05). Conclusions:The imaging manifestations of aCSVD are closely related to the shape of the internal carotid artery siphon.The U type siphon is more likely to lead to hemodynamic changes, resulting in decreased global and regional cerebral blood flow, and demonstrating a higher overall burden of aCSVD, which has certain clinical reference value for assessing the etiology of aCSVD.

Objective:To explore the relationship between the morphology of the carotid siphon, its related risk factors, and cerebral blood flow perfusion in patients with arteriosclerotic cerebral small vessel disease (aCSVD), and provide imaging evidence for the etiology of aCSVD.Methods:A total of 130 aCSVD patients hospitalized in the Department of Neurology of the First People′s Hospital of Hefei from March 2022 to June 2024, all of whom underwent multimodal imaging assessments, were enrolled. The baseline data were collected, and the morphology of the carotid siphon was visually evaluated using post-processing of head and neck computed tomography angiography (CTA), which was categorized into U-type ( n=63), C-type ( n=32), and V-type ( n=35). Calcification degree was semi-quantitatively assessed based on transverse CTA images. Cerebral perfusion was measured using magnetic resonance arterial spin labeling. The relationship between different siphon segment morphologies, calcification degrees, their risk factors, and cerebral blood flow perfusion was analyzed using analysis of variance and multinomial Logistic regression. Results:Univariate analysis of the 3 siphon types showed significant differences in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [U-type (2.44±0.84) mmol/L,V-type (2.21±0.57) mmol/L, C-type (2.89±1.07) mmol/L, F=5.578, P=0.005], calcification degree [Among the 63 cases in the U-type group, 19 cases (30.15%) had mild calcification, 20 cases (31.75%) had moderate calcification, and 24 cases (38.10%) had severe calcification; among the 35 cases in the V-type group, 20 cases (57.14%) had mild calcification, 10 cases (28.57%) had moderate calcification, and 5 cases (14.29%) had severe calcification; among the 32 cases in the C-type group, 12 cases (37.50%) had mild calcification, 14 cases (43.75%) had moderate calcification, and 6 cases (18.75%) had severe calcification; χ2=13.092, P=0.011], and total aCSVD load [modified aCSVD load score: U-type 4.00(1.00, 4.00),V-type 3.00(1.00, 4.00),C-type 2.00(2.00, 4.00), H=9.997, P=0.007]. Multivariate Logistic regression revealed that patients with U-shaped siphons had a significantly higher overall aCSVD load than those with C-shaped siphons, with a regression coefficient of 0.728, and a statistically significant difference ( OR=2.070 ,95% CI 1.026-4.178, P=0.042). Additionally, total brain and white matter cerebral blood flow were decreased in patients with U-type siphons compared to those with C-type and V-type, primarily involving bilateral superior frontal gyri, left orbital frontal gyrus, and left straight gyrus regions (false discovery rate correction, P<0.05). Conclusions:The imaging manifestations of aCSVD are closely related to the shape of the internal carotid artery siphon.The U type siphon is more likely to lead to hemodynamic changes, resulting in decreased global and regional cerebral blood flow, and demonstrating a higher overall burden of aCSVD, which has certain clinical reference value for assessing the etiology of aCSVD.

The optic nerve is the only pathway that transduct visual signals into visual centers, and is consisted of retinal ganglion cells and glial cells. Astrocytes, the most abundant neuroglia in center nerve system (CNS), are considered as structural supporter and carrier of metabolic components of neurons. In recent years, astrocytes have become treasure of neurological study due to their dual effects after nerve injury. The neurotoxic reactive astrocytes are termed as A1-type, and the neuroprotective ones are termed as A2-type. For the purpose of reducing neuron loss after optic nerve injury, it is critical to find out proper management methods of astrocyte reactivity. In this paper, we will concentrate on the inducers, mechanisms and influences of astrocyte reactivity in optic nerve and CNS, and then, summarize present possible interference ways to a neuroprotective outcome.

Objective:To characterize the complete genome sequence of Coxsackievirus B5 (CVB5) isolate from one influenza-like case in Qinghai province in 2018.Methods:Whole genome of QH/CVB5/2018 strain was sequenced by next-generation sequencing. The genome sequence splicing, genetic evolution, gene recombination and amino acid mutation analysis were performed by using SPAdes, DNAStar 7.1, MEGA6.0, Simplot 3.5.1 and RDP4 software respectively.Results:The whole genome of QH/CVB5/2018 had 7 369 nucleotides in length, encoding a 2 185 aa polyprotein, which showed a highly homology with CVB5 isolates through BLAST analysis, with the highest homology of 96.9% in nucleotide and 99.5% in amino acid to 417/JS/CHN/2013. The phylogenetic tree, constructed on the complete VP1 region, indicated that QH/CVB5/2018 can be classified into CVB5-C genotypes. Recombination analysis indicated recombinant event appeared with beginning breakpoint at around 6114 and ending breakpoint at around 7 199, with major parent strain of CHN_SH/CVB5/2008 and minor parent strain of CHN_YN-CVB3/2009. Compared with other CVB5 isolates, amino acid substitution of 139S, 864S, 1086R, 1693C, 1814D and 1819N are specific for QH/CVB5/2018.Conclusions:QH/CVB5/2018 belongs to genotype C of Coxsackievirus B5, which possibly be a recombinant strain.

Objective:To explore the incidence and epidemiological features of workplace violence among medi-cal staffs in a Third - grade Class - A hospital in Xi'an,and to provide scientific basis for the hospital and relevant health management departments to make workplace violence prevention and control measures. Methods: Using Hospital Workplace Violence Questionnaire, a survey was conducted among medical staffs in a Third - grade Class - A hospital in Xi'an to investigate the occurrence of workplace violence over the past one year. Results:A-mong the 1174 respondents,655 suffered workplace violence in the past one year,with a rate of 55. 79％ ;the vio-lence occurred mainly in day shift and wards;the perpetrators were mainly middle - aged,male and the families of patients;69. 42％ of the respondents thought the workplace violence were unavoidable and 87. 31％ of the respond-ents considered that the top measures that can be taken to prevent the workplace violence was "the correct media o-rientation";the main coping methods of medical staffs were patience explanation and forbearance,and after suffering workplace violence,the medical staffs would feel grievances,anger,declining enthusiasm for work and even didn't want to do medical care. The main measures that the hospital had taken to prevent workplace violence mainly in-cluded the security patrol,installing cameras in wards and keeping light bright at night in working area. Conclu-sions:Workplace violence is common among medical staffs. To prevent and control hospital workplace violence,it is recommended that:① Hospital employ more security personals and should particularly strengthen security work in high - risk period,high - risk departments;②it should strengthen the training of medical staff on the prevention and control of workplace violence and strengthen popularization of the relevant legal knowledge to the client;③it should strengthen the communication and cooperation with media and promote the correct media orientation;④it should smooth the patient feedback channels and timely correct the existing problems.

Objective To investigate the current status of workplace violence among Nursing Staff. Methods The Modified Version of Hospital Workplace Violence Questionnaire was used to investigate 792 nursing staff about their experiences of workplace violence over the past one year in a third-grade Class-A comprehensive hospital in Xi′an city. Results The prevalence of workplace violence among 792 participants was 58.08%(460/792), Outpatient department, Emergency department, Obstetrics and Gynecology department, Pediatrics department were the high-risk areas of workplace violence. Day-shift was the main period of workplace violence occurred. The families of patients, middle-aged, male were the main perpetrators. 72.60%(575/792) of the respondents thought the workplace violence were unavoidable. Correct media orientation (89.33%, 707/792) was considered as the primary measure for preventing workplace violence. Patience explanation (74.13%, 341/460), forbearance (53.04%, 244/460) were the main methods for coping with hospital workplace violence. Grievances (75.38%, 347/460), anger (65.65%, 302/460), part of them even wanted to resign (21.84%, 100/460) after experiencing workplace violence were their feelings. Security patrols (81.63%, 647/792), wards installed cameras (77.43%, 613/792) and bright lights (53.42%, 423/792) in the night work areas were the main measures to prevent workplace violence that the hospital had taken to prevent workplace violence. Conclusions Workplace violence among nursing staff is common. It is suggested that hospitals and the relevant government departments should conduct further intervention research, to formulate feasible administrative riot guiding for reducing the incidence of workplace violence.

Objective To investigate the core competence of nurses in class Ⅲ grade A level hospitals in Xi′an City and its influencing factors so as to provide evidences for managers to enhance the core competence of clinical nurses and promote the quality and safety of nursing.Methods A total of 890 registered nurses from class Ⅲ grade A hospitals in Xi′an city were investigated using "the competency inventory for registered nurse scale" (CIRN) from July to September 2015. Statistical software SPSS 19.0 was used to analyze the data. Influencing factors of the core competence of nurses were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis. Results The total score of core competences of clinical registered nurses was (159.12±33.21). The dimension with highest score was ethical/legal practice ability with an average score of (3.01±0.64). The dimension with lowest score was critical thinking/scientific research ability with an average score of (2.70±0.67). The scores of nurses from emergency and critical care were higher than those of nurses from general departments in the dimensions including clinical nursing,interpersonal relationship,ethical/legal practice, professional development and critical thinking/research ability. The differences were statistically significant (Z=-3.496, -2.688,-3.727,-2.969,-3.911;P＜0.05). Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that technical title, age, department training, and professional qualification were influencing factors of the nurses′ core competence (P＜0.05).Conclusions The core competence of registered nurses in class Ⅲ grade A hospitals in Xi′an city is at above medium level. The scores of nurses from emergency and critical care are higher than nurses from general departments in several dimensions. Age, technical title, department training and professional qualification are main influencing factors of core competence of nurses. Interventions to improve the core competency of nurses with low grade, low technical title and non-specialist qualification are necessary.

Objective To explore the group-generalization first aid modeling drilling and its effects on training of first aid skills for nurses. Methods Training scheme of group-generalization first aid modeling drilling was designed. A total of 240 nurses with 2 to 5 years of service were selected to be trained in first-aid skills for 8 months. We compared the knowledge of first aid theory, manipulative skill of first-aid, the score of group-generalization first aid modeling drilling before and after training. The score of group-generalization first aid modeling drilling included 65% for personal operation and 35% for comprehensive evaluation through group ( ability to judge the change of the condition, emergency response capability, teamwork ability, communication ability, ability of writing nursing records, accident during rescue process, other abilities including medical waste handling and so on). We also compared the score of group comprehensive evaluation, the time of simulation drilling, the problem frequencies before and after group-generalization first aid modeling drilling. T test and chi square test were used for statistical analysis according to the data type. Results After training, scores of knowledge of first aid theory, manipulative skill of first-aid and personal of group-generalization first aid modeling drilling were (83. 20 ± 4. 80), (81. 96 ± 4. 89) and (86. 95 ± 6. 06) significantly higher than those before training [(78. 10 ± 8. 46), (80. 20 ± 7. 72), (76. 37 ± 10. 79)] with statistically significant differences (t= 8. 84, 2. 59, 9. 61; P < 0. 05). The score of comprehensive evaluation through group of group-generalization first aid modeling drilling was (16. 68 ± 2. 51) before training compared (22. 06 ± 2. 81) after training with a significant difference (t=13. 22, P<0. 01). The time of simulation drilling decreased from 11 minutes to 7 minutes. There was a significant decrease in the incidence of problems with significant differences (P<0. 05). Conclusions The group-generalization first aid modeling drilling effectively improves the knowledge level of first aid theory and manipulative skill of first-aid and is helpful to comprehensively enhance the ability of comprehensive first aid so as to improve the quality of emergency treatment and nursing.

Objective To explore the morbidity of hyperuricemia ( HUA ) and kidney injury ( KI ) among shipboard personnel of a certain naval unit during prolonged deployment at sea and analysis of related risk factors, so as to provide evidence for the development of related prevention and treatment measures . Methods Medical detections were made on 356 male shipboard personnel , who received physical check-ups from June to August , 2013 in the hospital .The physical check-up items included: serum uric acid ( SUA ) , blood lipids (TC, TG, HDL and LDL), blood sugar(FPG, FINS), hepatic function(ALT, GGT, ALP, TP, ALB, TBILI and DBILI), renal function(Scr, BUN) and serum ferritin (SF).Data were analyzed by bivariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression models , to explore the correlation between HUA , KI and nutritional status and the above data .Results Results indicated that there were respectively 221 cases of HUA and KI , with a morbidity rate of 62% ( 221/356 ) , and there were 166 cases that had both HUA and KI .The HUA patients with SUA levels between 417-467μmol/L had the highest morbidity .Bivariate analysis revealed that SUA was closely associated with the levels of TG , HDL, TP, TBILI, DBILI, BUN, eGFR and BG. Multivariate logistic regression further indicated SUA was uniquely related to TP and eGFR (P <0.05). Conclusions The HUA in the shipboard naval personnel seemed to have its epidemiological features , with the morbidity being much higher than that of the normal people , which might be associated with kidney injury . Measures should be taken for early prevention and timely treatment of the disorder clinically .