The F-Box protein family is one kind of proteins containing the F-Box domain,which are together with S-phase kinase associated protein 1(SKP1),Cullin1,and ring box protein 1(RBX1)to form the SKP1-CUL1-F-Box(SCF)E3 ubiquitin ligase complex;this complex mediates substrate ubiquitination modification and subsequent degradation via the proteasome pathway.The host F-Box protein plays an important role during the whole viral infection.The F-Box protein can regulate the replication of various RNA virus and DNA virus such as human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)and epstein-barrvirus(EB),and the regulation mechanisms are different.After the virus enters the host cells,the host F-Box protein can regulate the stability and degradation of the key proteins during virus replication,enhance the immune response of host cells after virus infection,and inhibit the virus replication.Some F-Box proteins can assist the virus in completing the replication cycle by degrading the host restriction factors and inhibiting the virus activation and the interferon signaling pathway.The viruses also degradade the host factors and promote their own replication by encoding proteins containing the F-Box domain to bind to host SKP1,Cullin1,and RBX1 proteins.There are significant differences in the role of F-Box protein regulation during virus infection;one F-Box protein can regulate the replication of multiple viruses,and one virus can also be regulated by multiple F-Box proteins.This study systematically reviews the role of F-Box proteins in the process of viral infection from the perspectives of host F-Box proteins and viral F-Box proteins,and further explores the significance and potential value of F-Box proteins as targets for developing novel antiviral drugs.

Objective:To evaluate the perioperative and follow-up data of carotid artery stenting (CAS)+ coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and CABG alone, and to assess the safety and efficacy of CAS in the treatment of severe stenosis of the carotid artery in combination with asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis.Methods:A retrospective analysis of 700 CABG patients combined asymptomatic carotid artery severe stenosis at Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, and Beijing Tiantan Hospital from January 2018 to December 2022 was performed. According to whether or not underwent CAS treatment, they were divided into the CAS-CABG group(116 cases)and the CABG-only group(584 cases). The mean age of the CAS-CABG group was (64.8±7.3) years, and all of them underwent unilateral CAS surgery only; the mean age of the CABG only group was (65.5±7.6) years. The main results of the patients in the two groups were compared at 30 days after the operation and follow-up period.Results:The early postoperative stroke rate was significantly lower in the CAS-CABG group(2.6% vs. 9.1%, P=0.02), while the combined procedure did not increase the rates of mortality and adverse events during follow-up. Subgroup analysis revealed that there was no significant difference in stroke rates between the two procedures for asymptomatic unilateral carotid artery stenosis, advanced age, history of atrial fibrillation, and history of stroke were independent risk factors for early stroke in CABG for asymptomatic unilateral carotid artery stenosis. Conclusion:CAS-CABG is safe and effective in the treatment of coronary artery disease combined with asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis, and can reduce the incidence of early postoperative stroke in patients. CABG patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis should be rationally screened for prophylactic CAS to reduce the risk of postoperative stroke in these patients.

Objectives:To investigate the metabolism of riboflavin in type 2 of diabetes mellitus(DM) patient. Methods:The content of riboflavin in the urine in type 2 of DM patient was detected and the complication related to DM was examined. Results:The average content of urine riboflavin in DM patients was lower than that of normal people, and the prevalence rate of cataract, hypertension and coronary heart disease was higher in the low content group of urine riboflavin than that in the normal group( P