Pinellia ternata， belonging to the Pinellia genus within the Araceae family， is a medicinal plant due to its tubers. There are severe issues with unclear germplasm and mixed varieties in its cultivation， necessitating urgent new variety protection efforts. The distinctness， uniformity， and stability （DUS） testing of the plant variety is the basis for protecting new plant varieties， and the DUS test guidelines are the technical basis for DUS testing. To develop the DUS test guidelines for P. ternata， agronomic traits of 229 germplasm of P. ternata were observed and measured during its two growth stages over the years， and each character was graded and described. A total of 38 traits were selected as the test traits of the DUS test guideline for P. ternata. There were three plant traits， 19 leaf traits， six flower traits， two fruit traits， two tuber traits， five bulbil traits， and one ploidy trait. These traits could be divided into 22 quality characters， 12 quantitative characters， and four pseudo-quantitative characters， as well as seven groups， including plants， leaves， flowers， fruit， tubers， bulbils， and ploidy. By searching for standard traits， 10 standard varieties were ultimately determined. Preparing these guidelines will have great significance for reviewing and protecting P. ternata varieties， safeguarding breeders' rights， and promoting the development of the P. ternata industry.

Acute urinary retention(AUR)occurs frequently among astronauts on orbit.The current treatment is complex and easy to damage the urethra,which seriously affects the life and work of astronauts.In contrast,acupuncture,a traditional Chinese remedy,has shown promising results in managing urinary retention.However,the specific acupoints that could potentially prevent AUR remain uncertain due to the unique physiological conditions experienced by individuals in space compared to those on Earth.To address this gap,our research delved into the mechanisms of AUR and acupuncture within both traditional Chinese medicine and modern medical practices.We conducted a thorough literature review from Pubmed,Web of Science,CNKI,Wanfang database,VIP database and Chinese Medical Code database.A hierarchical evidence-scoring approach was utilized to analyze the included literatures,thus devised acupuncture protocols for the treatment of AUR.The outcomes of our study aim to establish a foundation for the application of acupuncture in managing AUR.

The health problems of operators who are not adapted to the special environment of sailing and diving.Ships and submarines are far away from the coast,medical resources are limited,at present the main use of drugs to prevent and control related diseases,but the actual application of the effect is not ideal,many drugs in the treatment of disease at the same time,it will make the operating personnel to produce drowsiness,decreased concentration or drug allergies and other adverse reactions,affecting the implementation of the mission of long-distance voyage.Traditional Chinese medicine focuses on the overall concept,can mobilize the body's self-repair ability,the ability to adapt to the external environment,in the prevention and treatment of disease at the same time,can regulate the body's internal organs function,safeguard the body's function,to ensure the effectiveness of the operator's work,and many of the interventions of traditional Chinese medicine is simple and easy to carry out,is not confined to the environmental limitations of the navigation and diving medicine has a very strong applicability.In this paper,we discuss the mechanism of Traditional Chinese medicine in the body under the environment of navigation and diving,summarize the current status of the application of Traditional Chinese medicine in navigation and diving medicine,and look forward to the future direction of the application of Traditional Chinese medicine,in order to provide a new way of thinking for the research of navigation and diving medicine with Chinese characteristics.

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with spon-taneous coronary artery dissection(SCAD).Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted in 40 patients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI).All patients were diagnosed with SCAD during hos-pitalization through coronary angiography(CAG)or intravascular ultrasound(IVUS).The clinical characteristics,CAG or IVUS findings,and treatment regimens of the patients were analyzed,and their prognosis was assessed through follow-up.Results Among 40 SCAD patients,there were 11 males and 29 females,with a mean age of(53.04±9.15)years.Twelve patients had identified causative factors,and seven patients presented with chest pain as the initial symptom.CAG or IVUS results showed that a total of 69 SCAD lesions were detected in 40 patients,with 15 patients having a single lesion.The primary treatment approach for the patients was medical therapy.The median fol-low-up duration was 34 months(ranging 2 to 48 months),during which 5 major adverse cardiovascu-lar and cerebrovascular events(MACCE)occurred.The patients were divided into MACCE group(5 patients)and non-MACCE group(35 patients)based on occurrence of MACCE.The mean age and the incidence of regional wall motion abnormalities on echocardiography were higher in the MACCE group than in the non-MACCE group(P＜0.05).Conclusion SCAD has distinct imaging features on CAG,and IVUS can confirm the diagnosis.Most patients are treated with medical therapy and have a generally favorable prognosis.However,patients with older age or regional wall motion abnormali-ties on echocardiography have poorer prognosis.

Background::Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and diameter, stiffness, and wave reflections, are independent and important clinical biomarkers and risk predictors for cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of the present study was to establish nationwide reference values of carotid properties for healthy Chinese adults and to explore potential clinical determinants.Methods::A total of 3053 healthy Han Chinese adults (1922 women) aged 18-79 years were enrolled at 28 collaborating tertiary centers throughout China between April 2021 and July 2022. The real-time tracking of common carotid artery walls was achieved by the radio frequency (RF) ultrasound system. The IMT, diameter, compliance coefficient, β stiffness, local pulse wave velocity (PWV), local systolic blood pressure, augmented pressure (AP), and augmentation index (AIx) were then automatically measured and reported. Data were stratified by age groups and sex. The relationships between age and carotid property parameters were analyzed by Jonckheere-Terpstra test and simple linear regressions. The major clinical determinants of carotid properties were identified by Pearson’s correlation, multiple linear regression, and analyses of covariance.Results::All the parameters of carotid properties demonstrated significantly age-related trajectories. Women showed thinner IMT, smaller carotid diameter, larger AP, and AIx than men. The β stiffness and PWV were significantly higher in men than women before forties, but the differences reversed after that. The increase rate of carotid IMT (5.5 μm/year in women and 5.8 μm/year in men) and diameter (0.03 mm/year in both men and women) were similar between men and women. For the stiffness and wave reflections, women showed significantly larger age-related variations than men as demonstrated by steeper regression slopes (all P for age by sex interaction <0.05). The blood pressures, body mass index (BMI), and triglyceride levels were identified as major clinical determinants of carotid properties with adjustment of age and sex. Conclusions::The age- and sex-specific reference values of carotid properties measured by RF ultrasound for healthy Chinese adults were established. The blood pressures, BMI, and triglyceride levels should be considered for clinical application of corresponding reference values.

Objective:To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy and practicality of the Jaundice color card (JCard) as a screening tool for neonatal jaundice.Methods:Following the standards for reporting of diagnostic accuracy studies (STARD) statement, a multicenter prospective study was conducted in 9 hospitals in China from October 2019 to September 2021. A total of 845 newborns who were admitted to the hospital or outpatient department for liver function testing due to their own diseases. The inclusion criteria were a gestational age of ≥35 weeks, a birth weight of ≥2 000 g, and an age of ≤28 days. The neonate′s parents used the JCard to measure jaundice at the neonate′s cheek. Within 2 hours of the JCard measurement, transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) was measured with a JH20-1B device and total serum bilirubin (TSB) was detected. The Pearson′s correlation analysis, Bland-Altman plots and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were used for statistic analysis.Results:Out of the 854 newborns, 445 were male and 409 were female; 46 were born at 35-36 weeks of gestational age and 808 were born at ≥37 weeks of gestational age. Additionally, 432 cases were aged 0-3 days, 236 cases were aged 4-7 days, and 186 cases were aged 8-28 days. The TSB level was (227.4±89.6) μmol/L, with a range of 23.7-717.0 μmol/L. The JCard level was (221.4±77.0) μmol/L and the TcB level was (252.5±76.0) μmol/L. Both the JCard and TcB values showed good correlation ( r=0.77 and 0.80, respectively) and agreements (96.0% (820/854) and 95.2% (813/854) of samples fell within the 95% limits of agreement, respectively) with TSB. The JCard value of 12 had a sensitivity of 0.93 and specificity of 0.75 for identifying a TSB ≥205.2?μmol/L, and a sensitivity of 1.00 and specificity of 0.35 for identifying a TSB ≥342.0?μmol/L. The TcB value of 205.2?μmol/L had a sensitivity of 0.97 and specificity of 0.60 for identifying TSB levels of 205.2 μmol/L, and a sensitivity of 1.00 and specificity of 0.26 for identifying TSB levels of 342.0 μmol/L. The areas under the ROC curve (AUC) of JCard for identifying TSB levels of 153.9, 205.2, 256.5, and 342.0 μmol/L were 0.96, 0.92, 0.83, and 0.83, respectively. The AUC of TcB were 0.94, 0.91, 0.86, and 0.87, respectively. There were both no significant differences between the AUC of JCard and TcB in identifying TSB levels of 153.9 and 205.2 μmol/L (both P>0.05). However, the AUC of JCard were both lower than those of TcB in identifying TSB levels of 256.5 and 342.0 μmol/L (both P<0.05). Conclusions:JCard can be used to classify different levels of bilirubin, but its diagnostic efficacy decreases with increasing bilirubin levels. When TSB level are ≤205.2 μmol/L, its diagnostic efficacy is equivalent to that of the JH20-1B. To prevent the misdiagnosis of severe jaundice, it is recommended that parents use a low JCard score, such as 12, to identify severe hyperbilirubinemia (TSB ≥342.0 μmol/L).

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and further analyze the application prospects of the combined multitarget fecal FIT-DNA assay in the early screening of colorectal cancer.Methods Subjects were selected from a population attending the Inner Mongolia Medical University Hospital.Each subject underwent a combined multi-target fecal FIT-DNA test(experimental group),a serum tumor marker test and enteroscopy(control group).The pathological results were used as the gold standard to evaluate the efficacy of novel fecal molecular testing techniques for colorectal cancer screening with timely intervention given to screen positive individuals.Results The data of 115 individuals were analyzed.Serum tumor markers test had a sensitivity of 63.2%(43/68)and a specificity of 74.5%(35/47).The enteroscopy had a sensitivity of 97.1%(66/68)and a specificity of 80.7%(38/47);the combined multitarget fecal FIT-DNA test had a sensitivity of 89.7%(61/68)and a specificity of 87.2%(41/47).Conclusion The sensitivity and specificity of multitarget fecal FIT-DNA combined detection are better than those of serum tumor marker detection.Although its sensitivity is lower than enteroscopy,its operation is simpler and can be tested at home.

Objective:To evaluate the value of ultrasonography in the differential diagnosis of cystic biliary atresia (CBA) and choledochal cyst (CC) in infants.Methods:CBA or CC children <3 months of age diagnosed by surgery in Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology from 2015 to 2023 were collected, and the differences in general conditions and ultrasound manifestations between CBA group and CC group were retrospectively analyzed.Results:Among the 55 children, 30 were in CBA group and 25 were in CC group. The mean length diameter and width diameter of cysts in the CBA group were about (1.45±1.05)cm and (1.04±0.73)cm, respectively, which were significantly smaller than those in the CC group (5.41±2.98)cm and (3.21±2.90)cm ( P<0.001). The incidence of fibrous plaque (50.0%, 15/30) and abnormal gallbladder morphology (73.3%, 22/30) in the CBA group was significantly higher than that in the CC group [4.0%(1/25) and 16.0%(4/25), respectively]. The incidence of intrahepatic biliary mud deposition (52.0%, 13/25) and intrahepatic biliary duct dilation (64.0%, 16/25) in the CC group was significantly higher than that in the CBA group [0, 3.3%(1/30), respectively]. Conclusions:There are some differences in ultrasonography between CBA and CC children. The length and width of cysts in children with CC are significantly larger than those in children with CBA, and biliary mud deposits or intrahepatic bile duct dilatation are seen in the cysts. The incidence of fibrous plaque and abnormal gallbladder morphology in CBA children is significantly higher than that in CC children.

Objective To observe the value of deep learning(DL)models for automatic classification of echocardiographic views.Methods Totally 100 patients after heart transplantation were retrospectively enrolled and divided into training set,validation set and test set at a ratio of 7∶2∶1.ResNet18,ResNet34,Swin Transformer and Swin Transformer V2 models were established based on 2D apical two chamber view,2D apical three chamber view,2D apical four chamber view,2D subcostal view,parasternal long-axis view of left ventricle,short-axis view of great arteries,short-axis view of apex of left ventricle,short-axis view of papillary muscle of left ventricle,short-axis view of mitral valve of left ventricle,also 3D and CDFI views of echocardiography.The accuracy,precision,recall,F1 score and confusion matrix were used to evaluate the performance of each model for automatically classifying echocardiographic views.The interactive interface was designed based on Qt Designer software and deployed on the desktop.Results The performance of models for automatically classifying echocardiographic views in test set were all good,with relatively poor performance for 2D short-axis view of left ventricle and superior performance for 3D and CDFI views.Swin Transformer V2 was the optimal model for automatically classifying echocardiographic views,with high accuracy,precision,recall and F1 score was 92.56％,89.01％,89.97％and 89.31％,respectively,which also had the highest diagonal value in confusion matrix and showed the best classification effect on various views in t-SNE figure.Conclusion DL model had good performance for automatically classifying echocardiographic views,especially Swin Transformer V2 model had the best performance.Using interactive classification interface could improve the interpretability of prediction results to some extent.

IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is one common type of glomerulonephritis caused by a deposition of immune complexes in mesangium and partial capillary loops. It is also an important risk factor for end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Kidney transplantation (KT) has been an ultimate treatment for IgAN patients progressing into ESRD. However, there is still a high risk of recurrence after transplantation. Currently no effective treatment is available for recurrent IgAN. This review summarized the latest researches of managing IgAN recurrence after KT, such as optimal treatment, immunosuppression, complement therapy and surgery.