BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Very low birth weight (VLBW) preterm infants face significant nutritional challenges, and the selection of an appropriate enteral nutrition protocol is critical for promoting growth and development while minimizing the risk of complications.This study aimed to analyze the impact of early administration of total enteral feeding with various nutritional preparations on the growth status of VLBW preterm infants. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on 79 cases of VLBW preterm infants. The subjects were categorized into 3 groups based on the differences in nutritional intervention: the breastfeeding group (BF group, n = 28), the standard preterm formula group (SPF group, n = 25), and the extensively hydrolyzed protein formula group (EHF group, n = 26). RESULTS: The discharge weight, weight gain, and growth rate of infants in the EHF group were significantly higher than those in the SPF and BF groups, and the growth rate in the SPF group was higher than that in the BF group. Upon discharge, the SPF group exhibited greater length and head circumference compared to the BF and EHF groups. The incidence of diarrhea in the SPF group was higher than that in the BF and EHF groups. Upon discharge, the uric acid level in the EHF group was higher than that in the SPF group. The hospital stay for infants in the SPF and EHF groups was shorter than that in the BF group. The EHF group had a significantly higher mean daily protein intake compared to the SPF and BF groups, while the SPF group exhibited a higher carbohydrate intake than the other 2 groups. CONCLUSION While SPF feeding is effective in improving the head circumference and body length of VLBW preterm infants, it is associated with a higher incidence of diarrhea.In contrast, EHF feeding yields better weight gain outcomes and demonstrates superior safety.

Objective:To explore the surgical efficacy of high position dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) under nasal endoscopy in patients with chronic dacryocystitis secondary to failure of nasolacrimal duct stent implantation.Methods:A total of 101 patients with chronic dacryocystitis who were treated at People′s Hospital of Peking University from 2013 to 2024 were retrospectively selected, including 14 males and 87 females, aged (56.82±13.00) years (Mean±SD). The patients were divided into control group (53 cases, 59 eyes) and stent group (48 cases, 60 eyes). The control group consisted of randomly selected patients with simple dacryocystitis, while, the stent group included patients with secondary dacryocystitis after failure of nasolacrimal duct stent implantation. All patients underwent endoscopic high DCR with exposed the Rosenmüller valve, combined with intraoperative lacrimal silicone tube implantation. After the operation, the surgical efficacy was evaluated by methods such as Munk score, endoscopic observation of intranasal ostia, lacrimal duct irrigation, and fluorescein test. SPSS 27.0 software was used for data statistics.Results:All 101 patients were followed up for at least one year after DCR surgery. In the control group, one patient (two eyes) was lost to follow-up; while, in the stent group, three patients (three eyes) were lost to follow-up, with one case diagnosed with lacrimal sac cancer. Excluding the lost-to-follow-up cases and the patient with lacrimal sac cancer, anatomical success was achieved in 54 eyes (96.4%, 54/56) in the stent group, and both anatomical and functional success in 53 eyes (94.6%, 53/56); in the control group, 55 eyes (96.5%, 55/57) achieved both anatomical and functional success. No statistically significant difference was found in postoperative effectiveness efficacy between the two groups ( χ2=0.000, P=0.984). Conclusion:For patients with secondary dacryocystitis after nasolacrimal duct stent implantation, high position DCR with exposure of Rosenmüller valve combined with lacrimal duct silicone intubation can achieve better long-term efficacy.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of free medial femoral condyle (MFC) functional chimeric perforator flap (FCPF) transplantation in reconstructing joint function by repairing concomitant osteochondral defects and soft tissue defect in hand and foot joints. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on 6 patients (5 males, 1 female; mean age of 33.4 years, range 21-56 years) with traumatic osteochondral joint defects and associated tendon, nerve, and soft tissue defects treated between January 2019 and November 2024. Defect locations included metacarpal heads (n=2), metacarpophalangeal joint (n=1), first metatarsal head (n=1), base of first proximal phalanx (n=1), and talar head (n=1), with soft tissue defects in all cases. Osteochondral defect sizes ranged from 1.5 cm×1.2 cm×0.7 cm to 4.0 cm×0.6 cm×0.6 cm, and skin defects ranged from 4 cm×3 cm to 13 cm×4 cm. The stage Ⅰ treatment included debridement, antibiotic-loaded bone cement filling of bone-cartilage defects, fracture internal fixation, and coverage with vacuum sealing drainage. Stage Ⅱ involved harvesting a free MFC- FCPF included an osteochondral flap (range of 1.5 cm×1.2 cm×0.7 cm to 4.0 cm×0.6 cm×0.6 cm), gracilis and/or semitendinosus tendon grafts (length of 4-13 cm), saphenous nerve graft (length of 3.5-4.0 cm), and a perforator skin flap (range of 6 cm×4 cm to 14 cm×6 cm), each with independent vascular supply. The flap was transplanted to reconstruct joint function. Donor sites were closed primarily or with skin grafting. Flap survival was monitored postoperatively. Radiographic assessment was used to evaluate bone/joint healing. At last follow-up, the joint function recovery was assessed. RESULTS: All 6 MFC-FCPF survived completely, with primary healing of wounds and donor sites. All patients were followed up 6-44 months (mean, 23.5 months). The flaps at metacarpophalangeal joint in 1 case and at ankle joint in 1 case were treated with degreasing repair because of their bulky appearance, while the other flaps had good appearance and texture. At 3 months after operation, the visual analogue scale (VAS) score for pain during joint movement of recipient site was 0-2, with an average of 0.7; at last follow-up, the VAS score of the donor site was 0-1, with an average of 0.3. According to the Paley fracture healing scoring system, the osteochondral healing of all the 6 patients was excellent. The range of motion of the metacarpophalangeal joint in 3 cases was 75%, 90%, and 100% of contralateral side respectively, the range of motion of the metatarsophalangeal joint in 2 cases was 65% and 95% of contralateral side respectively, and the range of motion of the ankle joint in 1 case was 90% of contralateral side. The hand function was evaluated as excellent in 2 cases and good in 1 case according to the upper limb function evaluation standard of the Chinese Medical Association Hand Surgery Society, and the foot function was evaluated as excellent in 2 cases and fair in 1 case according to the Maryland foot function score of 93, 91, and 69, respectively. The International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score of 6 knees was 91-99, with an average of 95.2. CONCLUSION The free MFC-FCPF enables precise anatomical joint reconstruction with three-dimensional restoration of tendon, nerve, capsule, and soft tissue defects, effectively restoring joint function and improving quality of life.
Humans ; Male ; Adult ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Plastic Surgery Procedures/methods* ; Soft Tissue Injuries/surgery* ; Perforator Flap/blood supply* ; Femur/surgery* ; Young Adult ; Foot Joints/injuries* ; Treatment Outcome

Objective:To investigate the value of auditory evoked potential(BAEP)parameters of brainstem in assessing damage of auditory pathway of preterm infants after they occurred intracranial hemorrhage,and the correlation between the damage and long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes.Methods:This study adopted a prospective cohort study design.A total of 158 preterm infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of Anhui Provincial Hospital between June 2021 and December 2023 were included.According to whether occurred intracranial hemorrhage,they were divided into observation group(n=78,with intracranial hemorrhage)and the control group(n=80,without intracranial hemorrhage).The standardized BAEP test were used to obtain a series of parameters including the Ⅲ～Ⅴ wave interval,Ⅴ wave incubation period,and amplitude.The Papile grading system was combined to assess the severity of hemorrhage.The Gesell Developmental Scale was adopted to assess neurodevelopmental levels when follow-up was conducted until the corrected age of 12 months.The multifactorial logistic regression analysis was used to screen and identify independent risk factors.Results:Compared to the indicators of control group,the observation group significantly prolonged Ⅲ～Ⅴ wave interval and Ⅴ wave incubation period,and decreased Ⅴ wave amplitude,and the differences of them between two groups were statistical significance(t=5.038,5.642,-5.476,P<0.05).With aggravating of bleeding degree,the Ⅲ～Ⅴ wave interval appeared gradient prolonging,and with the grading change,the Ⅴ wave amplitude decreased progressively,and the differences were significant(F=18.326,F=7.894,P<0.001).There was not significant difference in Ⅲ～Ⅴ wave interval among different grading(P>0.05).The correlation analysis revealed that there was a strong negative correlation between Ⅲ～Ⅴ wave interval and the Gesell total score,with the strongest correlation between that and the dimension of language communication.Ⅴ wave amplitude was positively correlated with the Gesell total score,which had the highest correlation with the dimension of language communication,and all correlation coefficients reached to the biggest significant level(r=-0.632,-0.634,0.549,P<0.05).Multifactorial model confirmed that prolonging Ⅲ～Ⅴwave interval,increasing Papile grading,and reducing Ⅴ wave amplitude were independent predictors of neurodevelopmental abnormalities(OR=3.214,2.441,0.133,P<0.001).Conclusion:In the BAEP parameters,the Ⅲ～Ⅴ wave interval and Ⅴ wave amplitude can be used as sensitive indicators for functional damage of brainstem conduction in preterm infants with intracranial hemorrhage,which dynamic changes show significant correlation with long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes.

Objective:To investigate the value of auditory evoked potential(BAEP)parameters of brainstem in assessing damage of auditory pathway of preterm infants after they occurred intracranial hemorrhage,and the correlation between the damage and long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes.Methods:This study adopted a prospective cohort study design.A total of 158 preterm infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of Anhui Provincial Hospital between June 2021 and December 2023 were included.According to whether occurred intracranial hemorrhage,they were divided into observation group(n=78,with intracranial hemorrhage)and the control group(n=80,without intracranial hemorrhage).The standardized BAEP test were used to obtain a series of parameters including the Ⅲ～Ⅴ wave interval,Ⅴ wave incubation period,and amplitude.The Papile grading system was combined to assess the severity of hemorrhage.The Gesell Developmental Scale was adopted to assess neurodevelopmental levels when follow-up was conducted until the corrected age of 12 months.The multifactorial logistic regression analysis was used to screen and identify independent risk factors.Results:Compared to the indicators of control group,the observation group significantly prolonged Ⅲ～Ⅴ wave interval and Ⅴ wave incubation period,and decreased Ⅴ wave amplitude,and the differences of them between two groups were statistical significance(t=5.038,5.642,-5.476,P<0.05).With aggravating of bleeding degree,the Ⅲ～Ⅴ wave interval appeared gradient prolonging,and with the grading change,the Ⅴ wave amplitude decreased progressively,and the differences were significant(F=18.326,F=7.894,P<0.001).There was not significant difference in Ⅲ～Ⅴ wave interval among different grading(P>0.05).The correlation analysis revealed that there was a strong negative correlation between Ⅲ～Ⅴ wave interval and the Gesell total score,with the strongest correlation between that and the dimension of language communication.Ⅴ wave amplitude was positively correlated with the Gesell total score,which had the highest correlation with the dimension of language communication,and all correlation coefficients reached to the biggest significant level(r=-0.632,-0.634,0.549,P<0.05).Multifactorial model confirmed that prolonging Ⅲ～Ⅴwave interval,increasing Papile grading,and reducing Ⅴ wave amplitude were independent predictors of neurodevelopmental abnormalities(OR=3.214,2.441,0.133,P<0.001).Conclusion:In the BAEP parameters,the Ⅲ～Ⅴ wave interval and Ⅴ wave amplitude can be used as sensitive indicators for functional damage of brainstem conduction in preterm infants with intracranial hemorrhage,which dynamic changes show significant correlation with long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes.

Objective:To explore the surgical efficacy of high position dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) under nasal endoscopy in patients with chronic dacryocystitis secondary to failure of nasolacrimal duct stent implantation.Methods:A total of 101 patients with chronic dacryocystitis who were treated at People′s Hospital of Peking University from 2013 to 2024 were retrospectively selected, including 14 males and 87 females, aged (56.82±13.00) years (Mean±SD). The patients were divided into control group (53 cases, 59 eyes) and stent group (48 cases, 60 eyes). The control group consisted of randomly selected patients with simple dacryocystitis, while, the stent group included patients with secondary dacryocystitis after failure of nasolacrimal duct stent implantation. All patients underwent endoscopic high DCR with exposed the Rosenmüller valve, combined with intraoperative lacrimal silicone tube implantation. After the operation, the surgical efficacy was evaluated by methods such as Munk score, endoscopic observation of intranasal ostia, lacrimal duct irrigation, and fluorescein test. SPSS 27.0 software was used for data statistics.Results:All 101 patients were followed up for at least one year after DCR surgery. In the control group, one patient (two eyes) was lost to follow-up; while, in the stent group, three patients (three eyes) were lost to follow-up, with one case diagnosed with lacrimal sac cancer. Excluding the lost-to-follow-up cases and the patient with lacrimal sac cancer, anatomical success was achieved in 54 eyes (96.4%, 54/56) in the stent group, and both anatomical and functional success in 53 eyes (94.6%, 53/56); in the control group, 55 eyes (96.5%, 55/57) achieved both anatomical and functional success. No statistically significant difference was found in postoperative effectiveness efficacy between the two groups ( χ2=0.000, P=0.984). Conclusion:For patients with secondary dacryocystitis after nasolacrimal duct stent implantation, high position DCR with exposure of Rosenmüller valve combined with lacrimal duct silicone intubation can achieve better long-term efficacy.

Acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE) is a rare but deadly complication with an unclear pathogenesis. We aimed to elucidate the immune characteristics of H1N1 influenza virusassociated ANE (IANE) and provide a potential therapeutic approach for IANE. Seven pediatric cases from a concentrated outbreak of H1N1 influenza were included in this study. The patients’ CD4+T cells from peripheral blood decreased sharply in number but highly expressed Eomesodermin (Eomes), CD69 and PD-1, companied with extremely high levels of IL-6, IL-8 in the cerebrospinal fluid and plasma. Patient 2, who showed high fever and seizures and was admitted to the hospital very early in the disease course, received intravenous tocilizumab and subsequently showed a reduction in temperature and a stable conscious state 24 h later. In conclusion, a proinflammatory cytokine storm associated with activated CD4+T cells may cause severe brain pathology in IANE. Tocilizumab may be helpful in treating IANE.

Objective:To explore the clinical efficacy of Masquelet technique combined with tissue flap transfer in the treatment of infectious composite bone and soft tissue defects in the early and middle stages after internal fixation for tibial fractures.Methods:From October 2017 to November 2020, 12 patients (13 tibial fractures) with infectious bone and soft tissue defects in the early and middle stages after internal fixation were treated in the Department of Orthopaedics, 988th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of CPLA by two-phased surgery with retaining internal fixation. Phase I procedures were thoroughly removal of the infected lesions and failed screws, preserving internal implants as many as possible, implantation of absorbable calcium sulphate and an antibiotics blended string of beads into the distal and proximal medullary cavity of the fractured bones, filling the bone defect and wrapping the internal implants with antibiotics loaded bone cement. The size of defects was 3.5 cm × 5.0 cm-7.5 cm × 14.5 cm, and the flaps for wound coverage sized 4.0 cm × 5.5 cm-8.0 cm × 15.0 cm. As for the repair of donor site, 8 limbs were sutured directly, 5 limbs could not be closed completely, and the remaining wounds were covered by skin grafting after suture. Based on well control of infection and stable clinical signs, fillings of bone cement were then removed in Phase II surgery, or 6-9 weeks after primary surgery. Autologous cancellous bone pieces or composite allogeneic bone were fully implanted around the induction membrane formed by Masquelet technique, and auxiliary steel plates were implanted for internal fixation of unstable fractures. After discharge, the patients visited the outpatient clinic regularly, and combined with Wechat follow-up. The texture, colour and bone healing were observed. At the last follow-up, the function of the affected limbs were assessed according to Johner-Wruhs evaluation standard.Results:After Phase I surgery, 13 flaps survived smoothly without vascular compromise. The wounds healed in Phase I. Two patients (2 sides) had recurrent infections. Re-debridement was performed and external fixation was applied after removal of internal fixation. After Phase II surgery, all patients were included in 12-26 months of follow-up, with an average of 18 months. Thirteen lower leg fractures healed well, and the time of bone healing was 16-25 (average 19.5) weeks. The Johner Wruhs criteria was used in evaluation of the function of affected limbs, and it was found that 6 patients were in excellent, 5 in good and 2 in fair.Conclusion:It is feasible while preserving the internal implants, to use membrane induction technique (Masquelet technique) combined with flap transfer, together with the absorbable calcium sulphate antibiotic sustained-release beads as a carrier in the phased treatment of infectious bone defects and bone exposure in the early and middle stages after the surgery of tibial internal fixation. It also gives a higher rate of excellence in surgical outcome. This study explores a treatment procedure for traumatic bone infection combined with composite soft tissue defects.

Objective:To explore a surgical technique and treatment outcomes of the segmentle bridging reconstruction for severed fingers with single segmentle defect by using the free second toe bone-joint composite tissue combined with the great toe flap.Methods:From June 2010 to September 2017, 5 patients suffered from severed segmental defect of finger were treated. According to the defects of bone-joints, blood vessels, nerves, tendons and other soft tissues, the reconstruction surgery was designed to create a Flow-through bridging composite flap pedicled with the first dorsal metatarsal artery or the plantar artery. The blood vessles carried by the pedicle were anastomosed with the vessels in the finger to restore the blood supply to the distal finger while having the defected finger segment reconstructed. A Flow-through bridging composite flap was created by taking the second toe bone-joint composite tissue combined with a C-shaped or half-moon shaped flap from the fibular side of the great toe. Skin graft, retrograde lateral tarsal flap or free perforator flaps were used in 3 cases to repair the donor sites of the great and second toes. Iliac strip was implanted in 2 cases for toe salvage. Kirschner wires were removed 4-6 weeks after surgery followed by functional exercise.Results:All of the 5 reconstructed distal segments of the fingers survived with the healing of fractures in 8-12 week after surgery. The postoperative follow-up lasted 6-36 months and all the patients had the follow-ups at the outpatient clinic. It was found that the maximum flexion of the reconstructed interphalangel joint was 60 degrees together with dorsiflezion. According to the evaluation standard of the reconstructed function for thumb and finger issued by the Hand Surgery Society of the Chinese Medical Association, 3 fingers were in excellent and 2 in good. No obviouse affect on walking was found in all the patients.Conclusion:The free second toe joint composite tissue together with the great toe flap can be used to bridge the single segmental defect of a finger. It restores the blood supply to as well as the appearance of the distal finger, helps the recovery of the reconstructed distal finger. It is an ideal technique in the treatment of a severed distal segment of the finger.

Objective: To evaluate risk factors for NEC in in term infant. Methods: Risk factors associated with NEC were investigated using a retrospective case-control design.43 patients with Bell's stage NEC≥Ⅱ were identified.Each case was paired with two GA-and weight-matched controls.Data were collected from medical records, including oligohydramnios, ICP,neonatal asphyxia, MAS,neonatal septicemia, CHD,neonatal shock, gestational diabetes, PROM,fetal distress, hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, and univariate/logistic regression analysis was employed. Results: A total of 43 cases and 86 controls were enrolled.The demographic characteristics of the two groups were not statistically significant.The onset time of 43 cases was 2～17 d after birth and the average time was 6.3 d.The single factor analysis indicated that the two group had statistical significance in oligohydramnios, MAS,CHD,neonatal septicemia, neonatal asphyxia, gestational diabetes, neonatal shock, PROM,fetal distress and hypertensive disorders in pregnancy.Logistic regression analysis suggested that CHD(OR=4.27,P=0.029),neonatal septicemia(OR=2.77,P=0.007),Oligohydramnios(OR=2.42,P=0.010),PROM(OR=2.11,P=0.013),neonatal asphyxia(OR=2.06,P=0.031),MAS(OR=1.89,P=0.017),hypertensive disorders in pregnancy(OR=1.86,P=0.015),gestational diabetes(OR=1.75,P=0.032),neonatal shock(OR=1.65,P=0.024)and fetal distress(OR=1.35,P=0.021) were significantly associated with NEC. Conclusion Oligohydramnios, MAS,CHD,neonatal asphyxia, neonatal septicemia, neonatal shock, PROM,fetal distress, hypertensive disorders in pregnancy and gestational diabetes may be associated with an increased risk of NEC in term infant.