Objective:To explore the protective effect and safety of RotaTeq vaccine on children with rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE) in high mortality areas in the world and guide the correct use of RotaTeq vaccine.Methods:The literature on RotaTeq vaccine in high mortality areas in the world published from February 2006 to December 2021 was searched, screened and sorted out according to the exclusion and inclusion criteria, and the data were analyzed by RevMan 5.3, Stata 14.0 and SPSS 26.0 softwares.Results:A total of 5 reports were enrolled, including 63 974 subjects, including 32 092 subjects in the vaccine group and 31 882 subjects in the placebo group. In high mortality areas, the protection rates of RotaTeq vaccine against RVGE, severe rotavirus gastroenteritis (SRVGE) and very severe rotavirus gastroenteritis (VSRVGE) were VE RVGE=35% (95% CI: 28%-41%), VE SRVGE=51% (95% CI: 33%-65%) and VE VSRVGE=64% (95% CI: 41%-78%). The protection rates of SRVGE in Asia and Africa are VE SRVGE=43% (95% CI: 28%-55%) and VE SRVGE=57% (95% CI: 17%-77%), respectively. There was no significant difference in the incidences of serious adverse events (SAEs) between RotaTeq vaccine group and placebo group ( χ2=2.05, P=0.152). Conclusions:RotaTeq vaccine has a certain protective effect on severe and above RVGE with good safety in high mortality areas in the world.

Dental Caries is a kind of chronic oral disease that greatly threaten human being's health. Though dentists and researchers struggled for decades to combat this oral disease, the incidence and prevalence of dental caries remain quite high. Therefore, improving the disease management is a key issue for the whole population and life cycle management of dental caries. So clinical difficulty assessment system of caries prevention and management is established based on dental caries diagnosis and classification. Dentists should perform oral examination and establish dental records at each visit. When treatment plan is made on the base of caries risk assessment and carious lesion activity, we need to work out patient‑centered and personalized treatment planning to regain oral microecological balance, to control caries progression and to restore the structure and function of the carious teeth. And the follow-up visits are made based on personalized caries management. This expert consensus mainly discusses caries risk assessment, caries treatment difficulty assessment and dental caries treatment plan, which are the most important parts of caries management in the whole life cycle.
Consensus ; Dental Care ; Dental Caries/prevention & control* ; Humans ; Prevalence

Objective To explore the preparation and quality control of As2 O3 nanoparticle .Methods PEG‐PLA was used as the vector material to prepare As2 O3 nanoparticle with ultrasonic emulsification method ,and the VEGFR‐2 was coupled to obtain VEGFR‐2/As2 O3‐PEG‐PLA nanoparticle .The particle size distribution ,Zata potential ,loading efficiency (LE) ,encapsulation effi‐ciency(EE) ,drug release in vitro and stability was determined ,and morphological characteristics was observed by transmission elec‐tron microscope(TEM) .Tweety‐four hepatocellular carcinoma nude mices were randomly divided into VEGFR‐2/As2O3‐PEG‐PLA nanoparticles group and As2 O3‐PEG‐PLA nanoparticles group ,by tail vein injection of nanoparticles .High performance liquid chro‐matography was used to determine content of As2 O3 .After 21 d ,six nude mices in each group were killed ,and the immunohisto‐chemistry and western blot method was used to detect the expression of VEGFR‐2 .Results The particle size of VEGFR‐2/As2 O3‐PEG‐PLA was determined to be (141 .9 ± 13 .2)nm ,Zata potential was (10 .2 ± 1 .1)mV .It was found to spherical or oval shape , with uniform size and dispersibility under TEM .LE and EE was (5 .51 ± 1 .83)% and (62 .12 ± 5 .98)% ,respectively .Drug release in vitro showed that VEGFR‐2/As2 O3‐PEG‐PLA exhibited controlled release effect ,with half of the release time as 10 h .Besides , VEGFR‐2/As2 O3‐PEG‐PLA showed a good stability in 3 days .Compared with As2 O3‐PEG‐PLA nanoparticles group ,the concen‐tration of As2 O3 in tumor and liver tissue was high ,the concentration of As2 O3 in blood ,heart ,kidney tissue was low ,the expression of VEGFR‐2 in tumor tissue was low in VEGFR‐2/As2O3‐PEG‐PLA nanoparticles group(P< 0 .05) .Conclusion The prepared As2 O3 nanoparticle using PEG‐PLA as vector and VEGFR‐2 as target showed uniform size ,high EE and LE ,good stability .And it preliminarily proved that VEGFR‐2 could be targeted in nude mice .

The success rate of root canal therapy(RCT) have been improved continuously along with the advancement in RCT techniques in the past several decades.If standard procedures of modem RCT techniques are strictly followed,the success rate of RCT may exceed 90％.The success of RCT is mainly affected by such factors as clear concept of the anatomy of root canals,proper mechanical and chemical preparation and perfect filling of root canal system.If these factors are sufficiently noted,a success is easy to achieve.Even though the primary RCT fails,retreatment can further be conducted to save the diseased teeth.

Objective To develop an anti-caries DNA vaccine-loaded Salmonella typhimurium(St) ghost and enhance the efficacy of immune responses induced by anti-caries DNA vaccine via mucosal route.Methods Both pREP4 and PhiX gene E expression plasmids were transformed into StJ357 and then induced with isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG).The bacterial ghosts (BG) were collected after wash and loaded with anti-caries DNA vaccine pGJGLU/VAX.Mice were divided into four groups and immunized through the nasal route with pGJGLU/VAX-loaded BG(Group Ghost + pGJGLU/VAX),pVAX1-loaded BG (Group Ghost + pVAX1),pGJGLU/VAX-Bupivacaine complex (Group pGJGLU/VAX) and pVAX1-Bupivacaine complex (Group pVAX1),respectively.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to evaluate the immune responses.Results ELISA results showed that group Ghost + pGJGLU/ VAX had significantly higher level of specific anti-GLU SIgA antibody [(0.367 ± 0.086) A/μg] compared with group Ghost + pVAX1 [(0.122 ± 0.077) A/μg],Group pGJGLU/VAX [(0.068 ± 0.068) A/μg] or Group pVAX1 [(0.089 ±0.089) A/μg] (P =0.028,0.012 or 0.030,respectively).Conclusions St ghost was developed successfully,which enhanced the efficacy of immune responses induced by anti-caries DNA vaccine pGJGLU/VAX via the nasal route.

OBJECTIVEThe soluble protein recombinant Streptococcus mutans surface protein (rPAc) was expressed in Escherichia coli (E.coli) after the optimization of inducing conditions. The antiserum against rPAc was obtained by immunizing mice with the purified rPAc.

METHODSThe soluble expression of rPAc in E. coli was further optimized by means of different culture conditions. Polyclonal antibody was made by immunizing mice with purified rPAc. Western blot and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were carried out to identify the immunocompetence of the antibody.

RESULTSThe highest soluble expression level of rPAc was obtained at Luria-Bertani (LB) medium (pH=7.2) when optical density (OD600nm) was 0.6 after being induced at 30 degrees C for 4 h and the concentration of isopropyl beta-D-1-thigalactopyranoside (IPTG) was 1.0mmol x L(-1). The titer of the mice antiserum against rPAc was about 1:6000 by ELISA analysis, and rPAc could be specifically recognized by Western blot analysis.

CONCLUSIONThis study proved that rPAc can be effectively expressed as a soluble form in E. coli, and the high specific polyclonal antibody of rPAc was proved to be prepared, which shed light on further research of DNA prime-protein boost inoculation.

Animals ; Antibodies ; Blotting, Western ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Escherichia coli ; Membrane Proteins ; Mice ; Recombinant Proteins ; Streptococcus mutans

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of specific anti-streptococcus mutans IgY against streptococcus mutans on dental caries development in rats.

METHODS35 wistar rats were divided into 5 groups: group A received IgY gargle; group B received IgY lyophilized powder; group C received sterilized water as control; group D and E received egg yolk food with or without specific IgY individually. They were all fed with caries-inducing diet 2000#. The number of caries scores was counted by the procedure of Keyes'.

RESULTSThere was a significant lower mean of caries scores in groups treated with IgY lyophilized powder and gargle. By treating with egg-yolk food contained specific IgY, the mean of caries scores decreased comparing with no treatment group.

CONCLUSIONLocal passive immunization with specific anti-streptococcus mutans IgY may be an effective way to prevent the development of dental caries.

Animals ; Antibodies, Bacterial ; administration & dosage ; Dental Caries ; prevention & control ; Female ; Immunization, Passive ; Immunoglobulins ; immunology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Streptococcal Vaccines ; immunology ; Streptococcus mutans ; immunology

OBJECTIVEProtein of Streptococcus mutans is considered as one of the virulence factors due to its ability to mediate the initial attachment of Streptococcus mutans to tooth surface. In this study, an anticaries DNA vaccine pCIA-P was used to immunize rats. The expression of PAc in different tissues in vivo, specific immune response and protection effects against dental caries were observed.

METHODSPlasmid pCIA-P was injected into rats by two different routs: intramuscular injection (i.m.) and targeted salivary gland immunization (TSG). Immunohistochemistry technique was used to detect the expression of PAc. Gnotobiotic rats were vaccinated with pCIA-P by three different approaches: TSG, intramuscular injection and buccal mucosal injection (i.o.). The specific immune responses were evaluated by ELISA and their anticaries effects were evaluated by Keyes caries scores.

RESULTSPAc was expressed in the sarcoplasm and sarcolemma of muscle fibers and submandibular glands, especially strongly positive in duct regions. The levels of serum specific anti-PAc IgG and salivary specific anti-PAc IgA in TSG immunization and buccal mucosal immunization group were significantly higher than those of other groups. The Keyes caries scores of those two groups were significantly lower than those of other groups.

CONCLUSIONThe plasmid pCIA-P could provoke specific immune responses as a novel immunogen. Mucosal immunization with pCIA-P appears to be an effective genetic immunization method against dental caries.

Animals ; Antibodies, Bacterial ; blood ; Bacterial Proteins ; genetics ; immunology ; Dental Caries ; prevention & control ; Germ-Free Life ; Immunization ; Male ; Membrane Glycoproteins ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Streptococcal Vaccines ; immunology ; Streptococcus mutans ; immunology ; Vaccines, DNA ; immunology

Cloning, Molecular ; methods ; Dental Caries ; immunology ; prevention & control ; Forecasting ; Humans ; Research ; trends ; Research Design ; Vaccination ; Vaccines ; genetics ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo construct a fusion anti-caries DNA vaccine pGLUA-P carrying GLU fragment from gtfB gene of Streptococcus mutans GS-5 and A-P fragment including the A region and P region of PAc protein from a DNA anti-caries vaccine pCIA-P, and to investigate its expression in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

METHODSThe sequence of GLU fragment in pGLU plasmid was testified by DNA sequencing. The fusion anti-caries DNA vaccine was constructed by ligating A-P fragment from pCIA-P to pGLU. The expression of GLUA-P fusion protein in E. coli BL21 (DE3) was induced by IPTG and checked by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. pGLUA-P was transfected in vitro to cultured rat primary muscle cells by cation liposome Dosper, and immunohistochemical method was used to test the expression of GLUA-P fusion protein in cells.

RESULTSGLU sequence was identical with relative sequence of GTF-I (GS-5 strain) in Gene Bank. Recombinant eukaryotic expression plasmid pGLUA-P was confirmed to have both GLU and A-P fragment. After pGLUA-P was transferred into E. coli (DE3), it could express a new 115 000 protein by the induce of IPTG. Specific brown products could be found in the cytoplasm of cultured rat primary muscle cells transfected by pGLUA-P.

CONCLUSIONSFusion anti-caries DNA vaccine pGLUA-P is successfully constructed and confirmed by sequencing and enzymes digestion. Fusion GLUA-P protein can be correctly expressed in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Bacterial Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Cloning, Molecular ; Dental Caries ; prevention & control ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Escherichia coli ; genetics ; Gene Expression ; Glucosyltransferases ; genetics ; metabolism ; Membrane Glycoproteins ; Muscle, Skeletal ; cytology ; metabolism ; Plasmids ; genetics ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Streptococcal Vaccines ; genetics ; immunology ; therapeutic use ; Streptococcus mutans ; genetics ; immunology ; Transfection ; Vaccines, DNA ; genetics ; therapeutic use