Chronic epididymitis (CE) is a long-standing inflammatory condition of the epididymis caused by unresolved acute infections, chronic infections, medication use, or other factors. Clinically, it is characterized by persistent dull pain or a dragging sensation in one or both sides of the scrotum. The disease course typically exceeds three months and is marked by insidious onset and recurrent episodes. Current studies suggest that CE may disrupt the epididymal microenvironment through multiple pathological processes, including local inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, fibrotic remodeling, and autophagy. These alterations impair sperm maturation, transport, and capacitation, thereby contributing to male reproductive dysfunction and infertility. This review summarizes the major etiologies and pathophysiological characteristics of CE and its impact on male reproductive function. It focuses on the roles of inflammatory cytokines and related signaling pathways, oxidative stress mechanisms, and fibrotic progression in the pathogenesis of CE. Moreover, it explores targeted therapeutic strategies based on these mechanisms, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for identifying key molecular targets and signaling pathways involved in CE-induced male reproductive impairment.

Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics of inconsistent symptoms and signs of dry eye in patients with Sj?gren syndrome (SS).Methods:A case-control study was performed.Thirty-eight patients (38 eyes) who visited the dry-eye outpatient department at Peking University People's Hospital were enrolled from January to October 2021.The patients were divided into a non-SS (NSS) group (25 cases, 25 eyes) and a SS group (13 cases, 13 eyes) according to without or with SS.The data of right eyes were analyzed.The patients' subjective symptoms were scored and their objective clinical parameters were evaluated.Evaluation of subjective symptoms included Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), Standard Patient Evaluation of eye dryness (SPEED) Questionnaire and Dry Eye Questionnaire-5 (DEQ-5).Objective clinical parameters included Schirmer Ⅰ test (SⅠt), tear film breakup time (TBUT), SICCA ocular staining score (OSS), National Eye Institute (NEI) score, Marx line score, non-invasive tear film breakup time (NIBUT), non-invasive tear meniscus height (NITMH), meibomian gland loss area ratio, the number of corneal subepithelial nerves, total nerve length, mean nerve length, maximum nerve length, minimum nerve length, nerve curvature, and number of dendritic cells.Differences in subjective symptoms and clinical parameters were compared between the two groups, and correlation analysis between ocular symptom scores and objective clinical parameters was performed.This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Peking University People's Hospital (No.RDY2020-03).Written informed consent was obtained from each subject.Results:The OSDI, SPEED and DEQ-5 scores of SS group were 10.9(2.1, 23.1), 4.0(2.0, 7.0) and 7.0(3.5, 9.5), respectively, which were significantly lower than 37.5(26.0, 64.9), 10.5(7.0, 13.0) and 13.0(6.8, 14.3) of NSS group ( Z=-2.70, -3.01, -2.14; all P<0.05).TBUT was longer in the SS group than in the NSS group, and the difference was statistically significant ( Z=-2.10, P=0.038).No significant difference was found in SⅠt, OSS, Marx line score, NIBUT, NITMH, meibomian gland loss area ratio, the number of corneal subepithelial nerves, total nerve length, mean nerve length, maximum nerve length, minimum nerve length, nerve curvature, and number of dendritic cells (all P>0.05).The OSS of nasal conjunctiva was significantly higher in the SS group than in the NSS group ( Z=-2.32, P=0.023).There were no correlations between the subjective symptoms and objective clinical parameters in NSS group (all P>0.05).The SPEED score was positively correlated with the Marx line score of upper eye lid ( rs=0.573, P=0.041) and the OSDI score was negatively correlated with the minimum nerve length ( rs=-0.606, P=0.037) in SS group. Conclusions:Patients with SS dry eye have more nasal conjunctival staining and fewer subjective symptoms than NSS dry eye patients with the same signs, which manifests as a separation of symptoms and signs.

Oxidative stress and its closely related pathophysiological processes of vascular damage and inflammation have been recognized as important pathogenic mechanisms in many ocular diseases.Kaempferol, a natural flavonoid compound, exhibits great promise in preventing and treating various eye disorders due to its potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-angiogenic activities.In dry eye models, kaempferol effectively suppresses ocular surface inflammation, promotes corneal repair, and increases tear secretion.In glaucoma treatment, kaempferol protects retinal ganglion cells and alleviates optic nerve damage.For retinal degenerative diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration, kaempferol protects retinal pigment epithelial cells from oxidative stress-induced damage and apoptosis.In ocular neovascular diseases, which encompass corneal, retinal, and choroidal neovascularization, kaempferol effectively blocks pathological neovascularization formation by inhibiting the expression and signaling of key proangiogenic factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor.Kaempferol has significant therapeutic potential for multiple eye diseases through multi-target mechanisms, and its further research will provide a scientific basis for its clinical application and development of innovative therapeutics.This review summarizes recent advances in kaempferol research in ophthalmology.

Adhering to the guidance of party building is an essential requirement for comprehensively promoting the high-quality development of public hospitals.How to solve the problem of"two skins"of party building and business,further promote the deep integration of the party and business has become an important topic for the party building of public hospitals in the new era.Taking Jieyang People's Hospital as an example,this paper introduces the innovation and exploration experience on the par-ty building work round in the hospital,the working mechanism of which is"1+5+5+4"of"Party building leading,five re-sponsibility coordination,five-step linkage and four-type integration".This approach effectively promotes the deep integration and promotion of the party and business,which further lead the high-quality development of various work in the hospital.It can pro-vide reference for exploring and improving the system and mechanism of the integration of party and business,and further promote party leadership in promoting high-quality development in public hospitals.

Objective To develop a refined management model for operating rooms and assess its clinical impact on op-erational efficiency and cost control.Methods The study included 10,728 elective surgeries from January to June 2024 as the study group and 9 414 elective surgeries from January to June 2023 as the control group.The differences in operational metrics before and after implementing the refined management model were compared.The model was developed through comprehensive management by hospital leadership and multi-department collaboration,focusing on management structure,systems,processes,information technology,and resource allocation.Results In terms of efficiency,the on-time start rate of the first surgeries in the study group was significantly higher than in the control group(P＜0.05).The turnover time between surgeries was shorter in the study group(P＜0.01),and the rate of unexpected surgery cancellations was lower(P＜0.01).The average cost per surgery for consumables,excluding the impact of centralized procurement of consumables,was approximately 971 yuan,representing an 11% reduction compared to the previous year,despite a 14% increase in surgical volume.The average daily operating cost per operating room was about 12 303 yuan,a 7% reduction.Economic benefits increased by 8.43 million yuan,a 38% year-on-year increase.Conclusion Implementing a refined management model in operating rooms can significantly enhance efficiency,re-duce costs,and achieve dual improvements in social and economic benefits.

Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics of inconsistent symptoms and signs of dry eye in patients with Sj?gren syndrome (SS).Methods:A case-control study was performed.Thirty-eight patients (38 eyes) who visited the dry-eye outpatient department at Peking University People's Hospital were enrolled from January to October 2021.The patients were divided into a non-SS (NSS) group (25 cases, 25 eyes) and a SS group (13 cases, 13 eyes) according to without or with SS.The data of right eyes were analyzed.The patients' subjective symptoms were scored and their objective clinical parameters were evaluated.Evaluation of subjective symptoms included Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), Standard Patient Evaluation of eye dryness (SPEED) Questionnaire and Dry Eye Questionnaire-5 (DEQ-5).Objective clinical parameters included Schirmer Ⅰ test (SⅠt), tear film breakup time (TBUT), SICCA ocular staining score (OSS), National Eye Institute (NEI) score, Marx line score, non-invasive tear film breakup time (NIBUT), non-invasive tear meniscus height (NITMH), meibomian gland loss area ratio, the number of corneal subepithelial nerves, total nerve length, mean nerve length, maximum nerve length, minimum nerve length, nerve curvature, and number of dendritic cells.Differences in subjective symptoms and clinical parameters were compared between the two groups, and correlation analysis between ocular symptom scores and objective clinical parameters was performed.This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Peking University People's Hospital (No.RDY2020-03).Written informed consent was obtained from each subject.Results:The OSDI, SPEED and DEQ-5 scores of SS group were 10.9(2.1, 23.1), 4.0(2.0, 7.0) and 7.0(3.5, 9.5), respectively, which were significantly lower than 37.5(26.0, 64.9), 10.5(7.0, 13.0) and 13.0(6.8, 14.3) of NSS group ( Z=-2.70, -3.01, -2.14; all P<0.05).TBUT was longer in the SS group than in the NSS group, and the difference was statistically significant ( Z=-2.10, P=0.038).No significant difference was found in SⅠt, OSS, Marx line score, NIBUT, NITMH, meibomian gland loss area ratio, the number of corneal subepithelial nerves, total nerve length, mean nerve length, maximum nerve length, minimum nerve length, nerve curvature, and number of dendritic cells (all P>0.05).The OSS of nasal conjunctiva was significantly higher in the SS group than in the NSS group ( Z=-2.32, P=0.023).There were no correlations between the subjective symptoms and objective clinical parameters in NSS group (all P>0.05).The SPEED score was positively correlated with the Marx line score of upper eye lid ( rs=0.573, P=0.041) and the OSDI score was negatively correlated with the minimum nerve length ( rs=-0.606, P=0.037) in SS group. Conclusions:Patients with SS dry eye have more nasal conjunctival staining and fewer subjective symptoms than NSS dry eye patients with the same signs, which manifests as a separation of symptoms and signs.

Oxidative stress and its closely related pathophysiological processes of vascular damage and inflammation have been recognized as important pathogenic mechanisms in many ocular diseases.Kaempferol, a natural flavonoid compound, exhibits great promise in preventing and treating various eye disorders due to its potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-angiogenic activities.In dry eye models, kaempferol effectively suppresses ocular surface inflammation, promotes corneal repair, and increases tear secretion.In glaucoma treatment, kaempferol protects retinal ganglion cells and alleviates optic nerve damage.For retinal degenerative diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration, kaempferol protects retinal pigment epithelial cells from oxidative stress-induced damage and apoptosis.In ocular neovascular diseases, which encompass corneal, retinal, and choroidal neovascularization, kaempferol effectively blocks pathological neovascularization formation by inhibiting the expression and signaling of key proangiogenic factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor.Kaempferol has significant therapeutic potential for multiple eye diseases through multi-target mechanisms, and its further research will provide a scientific basis for its clinical application and development of innovative therapeutics.This review summarizes recent advances in kaempferol research in ophthalmology.

Objective To develop a refined management model for operating rooms and assess its clinical impact on op-erational efficiency and cost control.Methods The study included 10,728 elective surgeries from January to June 2024 as the study group and 9 414 elective surgeries from January to June 2023 as the control group.The differences in operational metrics before and after implementing the refined management model were compared.The model was developed through comprehensive management by hospital leadership and multi-department collaboration,focusing on management structure,systems,processes,information technology,and resource allocation.Results In terms of efficiency,the on-time start rate of the first surgeries in the study group was significantly higher than in the control group(P＜0.05).The turnover time between surgeries was shorter in the study group(P＜0.01),and the rate of unexpected surgery cancellations was lower(P＜0.01).The average cost per surgery for consumables,excluding the impact of centralized procurement of consumables,was approximately 971 yuan,representing an 11% reduction compared to the previous year,despite a 14% increase in surgical volume.The average daily operating cost per operating room was about 12 303 yuan,a 7% reduction.Economic benefits increased by 8.43 million yuan,a 38% year-on-year increase.Conclusion Implementing a refined management model in operating rooms can significantly enhance efficiency,re-duce costs,and achieve dual improvements in social and economic benefits.

Chronic epididymitis (CE) is a long-standing inflammatory condition of the epididymis caused by unresolved acute infections, chronic infections, medication use, or other factors. Clinically, it is characterized by persistent dull pain or a dragging sensation in one or both sides of the scrotum. The disease course typically exceeds three months and is marked by insidious onset and recurrent episodes. Current studies suggest that CE may disrupt the epididymal microenvironment through multiple pathological processes, including local inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, fibrotic remodeling, and autophagy. These alterations impair sperm maturation, transport, and capacitation, thereby contributing to male reproductive dysfunction and infertility. This review summarizes the major etiologies and pathophysiological characteristics of CE and its impact on male reproductive function. It focuses on the roles of inflammatory cytokines and related signaling pathways, oxidative stress mechanisms, and fibrotic progression in the pathogenesis of CE. Moreover, it explores targeted therapeutic strategies based on these mechanisms, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for identifying key molecular targets and signaling pathways involved in CE-induced male reproductive impairment.