As people’s attention to health continues to increase, the market demand for traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is growing steadily. The quality and safety of Chinese medicinal materials have attracted unprecedented social attention. In particular, the issue of exogenous harmful residue pollution in TCM has become a hot topic of concern for both regulatory authorities and society. The Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2025 Edition further refines the detection methods and limit standards for exogenous harmful residues in TCM. This not only reflects China’s high-level emphasis on the quality and safety of TCM but also demonstrates the continuous progress made by China in the field of TCM safety supervision. Basis on this study, by systematically reviewing the development history of the detection standards for exogenous harmful residues in TCM and analyzing the revisions and updates of these detection standards in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2025 Edition, deeply explores the key points of the changes in the monitoring standards for exogenous harmful residues in TCM in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2025 Edition. Moreover, it interprets the future development directions of the detection of exogenous residues in TCM, aiming to provide a reference for the formulation of TCM safety supervision policies.

Although clinical evidence suggests that nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is an established major risk factor for heart failure, it remains unexplored whether sleep disorder-caused hepatic damage contributes to the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Here, our findings revealed that sleep fragmentation (SF) displayed notable hepatic detrimental phenotypes, including steatosis and oxidative damage, along with significant abnormalities in cardiac structure and function. All these pathological changes persisted even after sleep recovery for 2 consecutive weeks or more, displaying memory properties. Mechanistically, persistent higher expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4 (NOX4) in the liver was the key initiator of SF-accelerated damage phenotypes. SF epigenetically controlled the acetylation of histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27ac) enrichment at the Nox4 promoter and markedly increased Nox4 expression in liver even after sleep recovery. Moreover, fine coordination of the circadian clock and hepatic damage was strictly controlled by BMAL1-dependent Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) transcription after circadian misalignment. Accordingly, genetic manipulation of liver-specific Nox4 or Sirt1, along with pharmacological intervention targeting NOX4 (GLX351322) or SIRT1 (Resveratrol), could effectively erase the epigenetic modification of Nox4 by reducing the H3K27ac level and ameliorate the progression of liver pathology, thereby counteracting SF-evoked sustained CVD. Collectively, our findings may pave the way for strategies to mitigate myocardial injury from persistent hepatic detrimental memory in diabetic patients.

A major obstacle in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is sleep fragmentation (SF), which negatively affects testicular function. However, the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. In this study, we demonstrate that SF induces testicular damage through a mechanism involving lipid metabolism, specifically mediated by melatonin (MEL) receptor 1a (MT1). T2DM mice with SF intervention displayed several deleterious phenotypes such as apoptosis, deregulated lipid metabolism, and impaired testicular function. Unexpectedly, sleep recovery (SR) for 2 consecutive weeks could not completely abrogate SF's detrimental effects on lipid deposition and testicular function. Interestingly, MEL and MT1 agonist 2-iodomelatonin (2IM) effectively improved lipid homeostasis, highlighting MEL/2IM as a promising therapeutic drug for SF-trigged testicular damage. Mechanistically, MEL and 2IM activated FGFR1 and sequentially restrained the crosstalk and physical interaction between TAB1 and TAK1, which ultimately suppressed the phosphorylation of TAK1 to block lipid deposition and cell apoptosis caused by SF. The ameliorating effect of MEL/2IM was overtly nullified in Fgfr1 knockout (Fgfr1-KO ^+/- ) diabetic mice. Meanwhile, testicular-specific overexpression of Tak1 abolished the protective effect of FGF1^mut on diabetic mouse testis. Our findings offer valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the testicular pathogenesis associated with SF and propose a novel therapeutic approach for addressing male infertility in T2DM.

Objective To construct a trajectory model for the changes in body roundness index(BRI)of elderly people in China from 2011 to 2018 based on the data derived from Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey(CLHLS),and analyze the influencing factors of different BRI trajectories.Methods Based on the longitudinal cohort data from the CLHLS platform,group-based trajectory model(GBTM)analysis was used to construct longitudinal change trajectories of 3 waves of BRI(2011,2014,and 2018)that meet our research criteria.Unordered multinomial logistic regression analysis was employed to identify the influencing factors of different BRI trajectories.Results A total of 2 512 valid samples were included in the analysis.The BRI trajectory of Chinese elderly people fitted by GBTM was optimally grouped into low-,medium-,and high-level growth trajectory models.There were statistically significant differences among different BRI trajectory groups in gender,length of education,resident place,living with spouse,retirement pension,sleep quality,smoking history,drinking history,continuous exercise,frequency of fruit consumption,frequency of salt-preserved vegetables consumption,and"fruit+protein"dietary patterns(P<0.05).Disordered multiclass logistic regression analysis found that,using the low-level growth trajectory model as a reference,males and those with a history of smoking were less likely to exhibit moderate to high growth levels of BRI trajectories;Elderly people with retirement pensions were more likely to exhibit a moderate to high growth level of BRI trajectory;People with a history of alcohol consumption were more likely to exhibit a moderate steady growth level of BRI trajectory;People with longer than 10 years of education were less likely to exhibit a high level of growth in the BRI trajectory,while urban residents and those who frequently consumed fruits and salted vegetables were more likely to exhibit a high level of growth in the BRI trajectory.Conclusion The trajectory of BRI changes among elderly people in China from 2011 to 2018 can be divided into 3 groups,which are influenced by multiple factors such as gender,resident place,and length of education.It is necessary to pay attention to and make measures in advance to improve the quality of life in the elderly.Countermeasures It is advisable to incorporate BRI as a core indicator in elderly health monitoring systems,establish a dynamic management mechanism for high-risk populations,and implement precision-targeted lifestyle interventions and health guidance.

With reference to the Information and Documentation-Resource Description (GB/T 3792-2021) and Bibliographical Description for Ancient Chinese Books (GB/T 3792.7-2008) and other cataloging standards and rules, drawing on the practical experience of cataloging ancient TCM books, Bibliographical Cataloging for Ancient TCM Books was formulated. This standard specifies the entry items and their order of ancient TCM books, cataloging identifier, cataloging text, cataloging information source, and cataloging item details. The standard can provide standardized and unified guiding principles and methods for the work of ancient TCM books, and promote the sharing and utilization of ancient TCM books.

Objective To find the molecular mechanism underlying the effect of congenital cataract related 129th single-site mutation G129C on the thermal stability of human γC crystallin(HγC)protein structure.Methods HγC-WT and HγC-G129C were expressed and purified in vitro.The changes of intrinsic fluorescence intensity and static light scattering intensity of proteins with temperature were measured,and the temperature dependence of the folding and aggregation structures of HγC-WT and HγC-G129C was compared.Results When temperature was be-low 65 ℃,the barycentric mean of the intrinsic fluorescence of HγC-WT and HγC-G129C shifted towards a longer wavelength and the fluorescence intensity decreased with the increasing temperature,which was believed to be the evidence of unfolded protein conformation.When the temperature was higher than 65 ℃,the static light scattering intensity increased significantly with the temperature,indicating the protein aggregation upon heating.The wild-type HγC-G129C showed a stronger aggregation potency.During the thermal de-naturation process of HγC-WT and HγC-G 129C,the crossing-point temperatures were 74.5 ℃ and 55.5 ℃,respectively.HγC-WT showed higher thermal stability.Conclusions The congenital cataract-associated G129C mutation significantly weakens conforma-tional stability of γC-crystallin.

Studies have suggested that the nucleus accumbens (NAc) is implicated in the pathophysiology of major depression; however, the regulatory strategy that targets the NAc to achieve an exclusive and outstanding anti-depression benefit has not been elucidated. Here, we identified a specific reduction of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in the subset of dopamine D1 receptor medium spiny neurons (D1-MSNs) in the NAc that promoted stress susceptibility, while the stimulation of cAMP production in NAc D1-MSNs efficiently rescued depression-like behaviors. Ketamine treatment enhanced cAMP both in D1-MSNs and dopamine D2 receptor medium spiny neurons (D2-MSNs) of depressed mice, however, the rapid antidepressant effect of ketamine solely depended on elevating cAMP in NAc D1-MSNs. We discovered that a higher dose of crocin markedly increased cAMP in the NAc and consistently relieved depression 24 h after oral administration, but not a lower dose. The fast onset property of crocin was verified through multicenter studies. Moreover, crocin specifically targeted at D1-MSN cAMP signaling in the NAc to relieve depression and had no effect on D2-MSN. These findings characterize a new strategy to achieve an exclusive and outstanding anti-depression benefit by elevating cAMP in D1-MSNs in the NAc, and provide a potential rapid antidepressant drug candidate, crocin.

Objective:To investigate the effects of methyltransferases like 3(METTL3)mediated m6A modification of double homology cassette A pseudogene8(DUXAP8)on the proliferation,migration and invasion of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma SACC-LM cells and its potential molecular mechanisms.Methods:Whole-transcriptome sequencing showed that DUXAP8 was highly ex-pressed in SACC than in para-cancerous tissues(P＜0.05).The m6A modification sites on DUXAP8 were predicted using the SRAMP website,and the mRNA and protein expression of m6A-modified genes and the genes associated with the epithelial-mesen-chymal transition(EMT)was measured by qRT-PCR and Western blot,respectively.METTL3 and DUXAP8 was knocked down or overexpressed in SACC-LM cells,and the proliferation,migration,and invasion of the cells were assessed by CCK-8,scratch and Transwell assays.The correlation between METTL3 and DUXAP8 was evaluated using MeRIP-qPCR.Results:The expression of DUXAP8 in SACC tumor was higher than that in para-cancerous tissues(P＜0.05).Knockdown of DUXAP8 reduced proliferation,migration and invasion of SACC-LM cells,as well as the expression of EMT-related genes(P＜0.05).Multiple m6A modification sites of high confidence were found on DUXAP8.METTL3 was highly expressed in tumor tissues,more than other related genes(P＜0.05)and enzyme-encoding genes in SACC-LM cells(P＜0.05).METTL3 was found to function as a methyltransferase to regulate the expression of DUX-AP8,and downregulation of METTL3 inhibited prolifera-tion,migration and invasion of SACC-LM cells and partially reversed the promotion of these activities induced by DUX-AP8 overexpression(P＜0.05).Conclusion:METTL3-me-diated m6A modification upregulated DUXAP8 expression,which promotes the proliferation,migration and invasion of SACC cells.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of febuxostat in the treatment of hyperuricemia with hypertension.Methods:Randomized controlled trials (RCT) on the treatment of hyperuricemia with hypertension using febuxostat were retrieved from Medline, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Database, and VIP Database from January 2013 to July 2023, according to the retrieval strategy. Two trained researchers completed the literature screening, quality evaluation, and data extraction. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3. The fixed-effect model or random-effects model was used to analyze the research data, and subgroup analysis was conducted to identify the source of heterogeneity.Results:A total of 5 RCTs involving 456 patients (228 in the experimental group and 228 in the control group) were included in the meta-analysis, all of which were English-language literatures and foreign studies. In the treatment of hyperuricemia with hypertension, febuxostat showed a statistically significant difference in reducing serum uric acid (sUA) levels compared to control drugs [MD(95% CI)=-1.31(-2.55, -0.07), P=0.040]; there was no statistically significant difference in reducing systolic blood pressure (SBP) [SMD(95% CI)=-0.12(-0.51, 0.27), P=0.540] or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) [SMD(95% CI)=-0.15(-0.40, 0.09), P=0.220]. Subgroup analysis showed that the difference in intervention drugs in the control group may be the cause of heterogeneity in sUA levels, and the difference in intervention time may be the cause of heterogeneity in SBP levels among different studies. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the febuxostat group and the control group [RD (95% CI) =-0.01(-0.08, 0.06), P=0.770]. Conclusion:Febuxostat has a significant advantage in improving sUA levels and is relatively safe in the treatment of hyperuricemia with hypertension, but it does not show significant advantages in blood pressure control.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy and safety of mini-track,mini-nephroscopy and mini-ultrasonic probe percutaneous nephrolithotomy(3mPCNL)for the treatment of 1.5-2.5 cm kidney stones.Methods:The perioperative data and postoperative follow-up data of a total of 25 patients with about 1.5-2.5 cm kidney stones who underwent 3mPCNL under ultrasound guidance in Peking Univer-sity People's Hospital from November 2023 to January 2024 were retrospectively analyzed.During the matching period,the 25 patients with 1.5-2.5 cm kidney stones receiving standard percutaneous neph-rolithotomy(sPCNL)were matched one-to-one according to the criterion that the absolute difference of the maximum diameter of stones between the two groups was less than 1 mm.The operative time,renal function changes,postoperative stone-free rate,hemoglobin changes,and complication rate of the two treatments were compared,and then the effectiveness and safety of 3mPCNL were preliminarily analyzed.Results:There were no significant differences in mean age,preoperative median creatinine,preoperative mean hemoglobin,preoperative mean hematocrit,median stone maximum diameter,and median stone CT density between the 3mPCNL group and the sPCNL group.The median operation time in the 3mPCNL group was 60.0(45.0-110.0)min,with no statistical significance compared with the sPCNL group,and all the patients underwent single-channel operations.The mean hemoglobin after operation in the 3mPCNL group was(115.3±15.5)mmol/L,and there was no significant difference between the preoperative group and the sPCNL group,and the mean hemoglobin decreased significantly between the sPCNL group and the sPCNL group[(9.5±2.2)mmol/L vs.(10.1±1.9)mmol/L].The mean hematocrit after operation was(28.0±5.2)％,and the difference was statistically significant compared with that before operation(t=2.414,P=0.020).The mean hematocrit drop was not statistically signi-ficant compared with the sPCNL group(2.3％vs.2.7％).The median serum creatinine in the 3mPCNL group was 74.0(51.0-118.0)μmol/L after operation,and the difference was statistically significant compared with that before operation(Z=-2.980,P=0.005).The stone-free rate in the 3mPCNL group and the sPCNL group was 96.0％and 97.3％,respectively,and the mean hospital stay was(4.3±1.4)d and(5.5±2.0)d,respectively,with the statistical significance(t=0.192,P=0.025).After the operation,one patient in sPCNL group had massive hemorrhage after the nephrostomy tube was re-moved,which was improved after selective renal artery embolization.One patient in the 3mPCNL group developed mild perirenal hematoma,which was improved after conservative treatment,and no complica-tions were observed in the other patients.Conclusion:3mPCNL in the treatment of 1.5-2.5 cm kidney stones can achieve an effective rate comparable to sPCNL,and can achieve the ideal stone-free rate in a shorter operative time with a lower rate of surgery-related complications.