Gamma Knife stereotactic radiosurgery is a highly precise radiotherapy technology,including the head Gamma Knife treatment system and the body Gamma Knife treatment system. Through multi-beam gamma rays focused on a specific target area,the lesion is exposed to high-dose radiation to cause radiation damage and necrosis,and the dose outside the target area is sharply reduced,thereby protecting the normal tissue outside the target area. Gamma Knife treatment has the advantages of being minimally invasive and effective treatment. Due to its precise and steep dose distribution,side effects are relatively few,and it can partially replace surgery or serve as a supplementary treatment after surgery. It was originally used for the treatment of craniocerebral diseases. In my country,Gamma Knife treatment was first applied to the treatment of body tumors. In recent years,with the widespread application of Gamma Knife radiosurgery technology,the incidence of adverse events associated with Gamma Knife radiotherapy has also increased. Gamma Knife adverse events mainly include those caused by treatment equipment failure and improper operation,as well as adverse events and complications resulting from tissue radiation damage. This article aims to comprehensively review and analyze the adverse events related to the use of Gamma Knife,and to explore the types,causes,preventive measures and coping strategies of these adverse events,in order to provide theoretical support and practical guidance for the safe use of Gamma Knife.

Gamma Knife stereotactic radiosurgery is a highly precise radiotherapy technology,including the head Gamma Knife treatment system and the body Gamma Knife treatment system. Through multi-beam gamma rays focused on a specific target area,the lesion is exposed to high-dose radiation to cause radiation damage and necrosis,and the dose outside the target area is sharply reduced,thereby protecting the normal tissue outside the target area. Gamma Knife treatment has the advantages of being minimally invasive and effective treatment. Due to its precise and steep dose distribution,side effects are relatively few,and it can partially replace surgery or serve as a supplementary treatment after surgery. It was originally used for the treatment of craniocerebral diseases. In my country,Gamma Knife treatment was first applied to the treatment of body tumors. In recent years,with the widespread application of Gamma Knife radiosurgery technology,the incidence of adverse events associated with Gamma Knife radiotherapy has also increased. Gamma Knife adverse events mainly include those caused by treatment equipment failure and improper operation,as well as adverse events and complications resulting from tissue radiation damage. This article aims to comprehensively review and analyze the adverse events related to the use of Gamma Knife,and to explore the types,causes,preventive measures and coping strategies of these adverse events,in order to provide theoretical support and practical guidance for the safe use of Gamma Knife.

Objective: To develop novel targeted anticancer medicines for effective treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma ( NPC) , a prevalent malignant disease in southern China and southeast Asia.Methods: CNE cells were treated with a novel indolinone IF239 synthesized by our research group. Cell viability was determined by the acid phosphatase assay ( APA). Morphologic changes and adhesion status of CNE cells treated with IF239 were observed under a light microscope. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the cell cycle phases . Key regulating molecules in the cell cycle progression were detected by Western blotting. Results: IF239 had potent cytotoxic effect on CNE cells. The possible antitumor mechanisms of IF239 involved inhibition of cell adhesion and cell cycle arrest in the G2_/M phase. Moreover,G2_/M arrest caused by IF239 was related to up-regulation of both cyclin B1 and the phosphorylation level of CDK1. Conclusion: IF239 has high anticancer activity over CNE cells, and has unique anticancer mechanisms, suggesting that IF239 has promising application potentials.

F0.01(1,5)=16. 30,P0. 05). Conclusion Laboratory results thus suggest that infection intensity is related to snail size per se, whereas prevalence in the field is related to snail size only through the correlation between size and age. In addition, under these experimental conditions, infected snails were no larger than uninfected snails, so the gigantism snails observed in the field might not be attributable to Trichobilharzia-induced effect.