Tumors exhibit abnormal glucose metabolism, consuming excessive glucose and excreting lactate, which constructs a tumor microenvironment that facilitates cancer progression and disrupts immunotherapeutic efficacy. Currently, tumor glucose metabolic dysregulation to reshape the immunosuppressive microenvironment and enhance immunotherapy efficacy is emerging as an innovative therapeutic strategy. However, glucose metabolism modulators lack specificity and still face significant challenges in overcoming tumor delivery barriers, microenvironmental complexity, and metabolic heterogeneity, resulting in poor clinical benefit. Nanomedicines, with their ability to selectively target tumors or immune cells, respond to the tumor microenvironment, co-deliver multiple drugs, and facilitate combinatorial therapies, hold significant promise for enhancing immunotherapy through tumor glucose metabolic reprogramming. This review explores the complex interactions between tumor glucose metabolism-specifically metabolite transport, glycolysis processes, and lactate-and the immune microenvironment. We summarize how nanomedicine-mediated reprogramming of tumor glucose metabolism can enhance immunotherapy efficacy and outline the prospects and challenges in this field.

Objective:To study the role of special microbial communities in the development of periodontitis in type 2 diabetes melli-tus(T2DM)patients.Methods:40 subjects aged 20-70 years were included and divided into 3 groups:moderate to severe periodon-titis with T2DM(SP.T2DM,n=15),moderate to severe periodontitis group(SP,n=15)and normal healthy group(N,n=10).The basic information,periodontal clinical indicators and blood sugar of the subjects were recorded.Subgingival plaque samples were col-lected,DNA samples of the plaque were extracted,and sequenced by Illumina NovaSeq6000 platform.The microbial diversity,eco-logical characteristics and functions of the plaque were analyzed by Uparse,SPSS and other softwares.Results:481 species in 22 phyla,30 classes,73 orders,129 families and 265 genera were obtained from the samples.Beta polymorphism analysis showed that the species composition of CP.T2DM group and CP group was similar.Alpha polymorphism analysis showed that the species richness and evenness in CP.T2DM group and CP group were higher than those in N group(P＜0.01).Venn diagram analysis showed that the species richness of the plaque in CP.T2DM group was the highest,followed by CP group and the lowest in N group.At the genus lev-el,Klebsiella and Bifidobacterium in CP.T2DM group were larger than those in CP group and N group(P＜0.05),and between group CP and N,P＞0.05.At the species level,the Capnocytophaga leadbetteri in CP.T2DM group was higher than that in CP group and N group(P＜0.05),between group CP and N,P＞0.05;There were some differences in the microbial community structure of subgingival plaque among the 3 groups.The species richness of subgingival flora in patients with CP and T2DM was higher than that in patients with CP and healthy people.Conclusion:The increase of Klebsiella,Bifidobacterium and Capnocytophaga leadbetter in subgingival flora of patients with moderate and severe periodontitis may be related to the development of T2DM.

OBJECTIVETo observe the protective effect of acupuncture preconditioning at "Jiaji" (EX-B 2) on acute myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) in the rats and explore the mechanism.

METHODSFifty Wistar rats were randomly divided into a control group, a model group, a Jiaji group, a Neiguan group and a Quchi group, 10 rats in each one. In the Jiaji group, the Neiguan group and the Quchi group, electroacupuncture was given for preconditioning at "Jiaji" T4~T5 (EX-B 2), "Neiguan" (PC 6) and "Quchi" (LI 11) for 7 days before modeling. In the control group and the model group, the regular feeding was given, without any acupuncture. At the end of acupuncture, except the control group, ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) was adopted to duplicate MIRI models in the rest groups. Electrocardio-gram (ECG) was monitored and ST-segment shift was analyzed. HE staining method was adopted to observe the morphology of cardiac tissue in the rats of the groups. The transmission electron microscope was used to observe myocardial cell ultrastructure. WST-1 method was used to determine the activity of serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), TBA method was used to determine the content of serum malondialehyde (MDA) and the real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR method to determine the expressions of Nrf 2 in ischemic myocardial tissue and downstream HO-1 gene.

RESULTSCompared with the control group, after LAD ligation, ST-segment was elevated and depressed in ECG apparently after reperfusion in the rest groups (all<0.05). The ST-segment elevation in the Jiaji group and the Neiguan group was less than that in the model group (both<0.05). Compared with the model group, SOD activity was increased apparently in the Jiaji group and the Neiguan group (both<0.05), and MDA content was reduced apparently (both<0.05). The effects in the Jiaji group were better than those in the Neiguan group (both<0.05). Pathologically, "Jiajia" (EX-B 2) and "Neiguan" (PC 6) all improved the morphology of cardiac tissue and cell ultrastructure. The effects in the Jiaji group were much more significant and the improvements in the Quchi group were not apparent. Compared with the control group, the expressions of Nrf 2 and HO-1 gene in myocardial tissue were down-regulated in the model group (both<0.05). Those were up-regulated apparently in the Jiaji group and the Neiguan group as compared with the model group (<0.05,<0.01). The up-regulation times of the expressions of Nrf 2 and HO-1 gene in the Jiajia group were the highest in comparison.

CONCLUSIONSAcupuncture preconditioning at "Jiaji" (EX-B 2) has the protective effect on cardiac ischemia and reperfusion damage, which is probably relevant with the up-regulation of Nrf 2-ARE pathway expression, the activation of endogenous anti-oxidative pathway, the improvement of oxygen free radical scavenging capacity and the alleviation of lipid peroxide damage.

Objective To observe the migration ofmesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transfected with recombinant lentiviral vectors carried brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene from lateral ventricle to intracerebral hemorrhage stove in rats and to discuss the protective effect of BDNF on MSCs.Methods Intracerebral hemorrhagic models were constructed in 60 SD rats and randomly divided into 4 groups:phosphate buffer solution (PBS) group,BMSCs group,BMSCs-enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) group and BMSCs-EGFP-BDNF group (n=15); PBS,BMSCs,lentiviral vector (LV)carried EGFP and LV carried BDNF-EGFP were,respectively,injected into the lateral cerebral ventricle of each group; 7,14 and 21 d after the injection,BDNF protein expression in the BMSCs of each group was detected by Western blotting and immunofluorescence; the migration of BMSCs from lateral ventricle to intracerebral hemorrhage stove was observed by signal labeling immunofluorescent staining.Results Western blotting and immunofluorescence showed that the BDNF protein expression in the MSCs-EGFP-BDNF group was significantly higher than that in the MSCs group and MSCs-EGFP group (P＜0.05); signal labeling immunofluorescent staining of brain tissue section indicated that the MSCs-EGFP-BDNF group had significantly larger number of BMSCs-positive cells which migrated to the surrounding issues of intracerebral hemorrhage stove than MSCs group and MSCs-EGFP group (P＜0.05),while there were no significant differences between the latter two except on the 7th d of establishment of models.Conclusion BMSCs modified with recombinant LV carried BDNF gene have high expression level of BDNF,indicating that BDNF performs a protective effect on BMSCs.

Objective To observe the curative effect of transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transfected with recombinant lentiviral vectors carrying brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene on intracerebral hemorrhage in rats.Methods MSCs were isolated from the rat bone marrow,cultured and transfected by recombinant lentiviral vectors carrying BDNF gene.Intracerebral hemorrhagic models were constructed and randomly divided into 4 groups:phosphate buffered saline transplanted (PBS) group,MSCs group,mesenchymal stem cells transfected with empty lentiviral vectors transplanted (MSCs-EGFP) group and mesenchymal stem cells transfected with recombinant lentiviral vectors carrying brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene transplanted (MSCs-EGFP-BDNF) group.PBS and MSCs were transplanted according to the groups 72 hours after the establishment of models.The improvements of the neurological function were recorded of each group 7 d,14 d,and 21 d after the transplantation.Double labeling immunofluorescent staining were used to detect the migration and the differentiation of transplanted MSCs.Results MSCs-EGFP-BDNF group had significant higher levels of BDNF gene and protein expression than MSCs group and MSCs-EGFP group.All MSCs transplanted groups (MSCs groups:7 d:1.6 ±0.2,14 d:1.2 ±0.3,21 d:0.8 ±0.2; MSCs-EGFP groups:7 d:1.6 ±0.3,14 d:1.1 ±0.2,21 d:0.8 ±0.3; MSCs-EGFP-BDNFgroup:7 d:1.2 ±0.3,14 d:0.6 ±0.1,21 d:0.2±0.2) had more improvements in the neural function (F=6.667,18.417,20.882,all P ＜0.05) than PBS group(7 d:2.0 ±0.4,14 d:1.7 ±0.2,21 d:1.3 ±0.2),and MSCs-EGFP-BDNF group had the most significant improvement.With double labeling immunofluorescent staining,the MSCs-EGFP-BDNF group had significantly higher positive rates of glial fibrilary acidicprotein,neuron specific nuclear protein,2',3 '-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase than MSCs group and MSCs-EGFP group,while there was no significant differences between the latter two.Conclusions The expression levels of gene and protein are higher for the MSCs modified with recombinant lentiviral vectors carrying BDNF gene.The modified MSCs can migrate to the perihematomal brain issue of intracerebral hemorrhage,express the characteristic molecules of neurons and improve the neural function after intracerebral hemorrhage.