Microfibrino-associated protein (MFAP) 2 is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein and a member of the MFAP family. It participates in the assembly of extracellular elastic microfibers.Upregulation of MFAP2 can promote the occurrence and development of various tumors and regulate multiple cancer-related signaling pathways and is related to their prognosis, making it a potential target for tumor treatment. This article summarizes the research progress on the pathogenesis, targeted therapy and prognosis of MFAP2 in malignant tumors.

L-tyrosine is one of the 20 amino acids that make up proteins and is an essential amino acid for mammals, often used as a nutritional supplement. The conventional methods for synthesizing L-tyrosine have some problems such as the production of many by-products, high requirements for production conditions, and environmental pollution. In this study, we designed and constructed a multi-enzyme cascade for the synthesis of L-tyrosine with alanine, glutamate, ammonium chloride, and phenol as substrates. Initially, the sources of glutamate oxidase, alanine aminotransferase, and tyrosine phenol lyase were screened and analyzed, which was followed by the identification of the rate-limiting enzyme in the reaction process. A colorimetric screening method was established, and the rate-limiting enzyme DbAlaA was engineered to enhance its activity by 40.0%. Subsequently, the reaction conditions, including temperature, pH, cell concentration, and surfactant and coenzyme dosages, were optimized. After optimization, the yield of L-tyrosine reached 9.93 g/L, with a alanine conversion rate of 54.90%. Finally, a feed-batch fermentation strategy was adopted, and the yield of L-tyrosine reached 56.07 g/L after 24 h, with a alanine conversion rate of 65.22%. This study provides a reference for the whole-cell catalytic synthesis of L-tyrosine and its industrialization.
Tyrosine/biosynthesis* ; Escherichia coli/metabolism* ; Tyrosine Phenol-Lyase/genetics* ; Multienzyme Complexes/metabolism* ; Fermentation

Objective To conduct a retrospective analysis of the correlation among bedaquiline(BDQ)plasma concentrations,relevant clinical factors,and disease prognosis.Methods In this retrospective study,22 patients diagnosed with rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis(RR-TB),multidrug-resistant tuberculosis(MDR-TB),or pre-extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis(pre-XDR-TB)were enrolled.These patients were admitted to the tuberculosis ward of our hospital between February 2022 and October 2024.All patients were administered a treatment regimen containing BDQ.The cohort comprised 6 RR-TB patients(27.27%),12 MDR-TB patients(54.55%),and 4 pre-XDR-TB patients(18.18%).Peripheral blood samples were collected 2 hours after the oral administration of Bedaquiline.The plasma concentration of Bedaquiline was measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS).Spearman correlation analysis was performed using R studio software with the ggplot2 and corrplot packages.The factors included the blood concentration of bedaquiline,electrocardiogram QTcF(QT interval corrected by the Fridericia method),liver and kidney function parameters,weight,age,body mass index,sex,blood uric acid level,serum creatinine level,and other relevant indicators.Results In 22 patients treated with BDQ,the plasma concentration reached a peak after 1.5 weeks of administration,and gradually stabilized after 2 weeks.The plasma concentration was approximately 1-3 μg/mL.After 24 weeks of withdrawal of bedaquiline,patients were continued to monitor their bedaquiline concentration and found that BDQ blood concentration in peripheral blood was approximate 1 μg/mL up to 36 weeks.The serum concentration of BDQ was not correlated with age,body weight,BMI,ALT,AST,GGT,TDiL,urea,uric acid and QT interval,but correlated with sputum negative transformation and serum creatinine.The correlation analysis between serum concentration of BDQ and acid-fast staining of sputum smear showed,the difference was significant(r=0.35,P<0.05).In addition,the correlation analysis between serum BDQ concentration and serum creatinine showed,the difference was significant(r=0.34,P<0.05).The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that BDQ blood concentration was positively correlated with Scr level,and Scr was an independent factor affecting BDQ blood concentration.20 cases(90.9%,20/22)were cured,1 case died of Covid-19 virus infection,1 case was recurrence.Conclusions Regimens containing bedaquiline seem to exhibit relatively high safety profiles and good tolerability among patients with rifampicin-resistant,multidrug-resistant,or pre-extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis,typically yielding favorable treatment outcomes.The BDQ shows a positive correlation with serum creatinine(SCr).Consequently,close surveillance of BDQ levels and renal function remains of utmost importance throughout the treatment course.

Objective To conduct a retrospective analysis of the correlation among bedaquiline(BDQ)plasma concentrations,relevant clinical factors,and disease prognosis.Methods In this retrospective study,22 patients diagnosed with rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis(RR-TB),multidrug-resistant tuberculosis(MDR-TB),or pre-extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis(pre-XDR-TB)were enrolled.These patients were admitted to the tuberculosis ward of our hospital between February 2022 and October 2024.All patients were administered a treatment regimen containing BDQ.The cohort comprised 6 RR-TB patients(27.27%),12 MDR-TB patients(54.55%),and 4 pre-XDR-TB patients(18.18%).Peripheral blood samples were collected 2 hours after the oral administration of Bedaquiline.The plasma concentration of Bedaquiline was measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS).Spearman correlation analysis was performed using R studio software with the ggplot2 and corrplot packages.The factors included the blood concentration of bedaquiline,electrocardiogram QTcF(QT interval corrected by the Fridericia method),liver and kidney function parameters,weight,age,body mass index,sex,blood uric acid level,serum creatinine level,and other relevant indicators.Results In 22 patients treated with BDQ,the plasma concentration reached a peak after 1.5 weeks of administration,and gradually stabilized after 2 weeks.The plasma concentration was approximately 1-3 μg/mL.After 24 weeks of withdrawal of bedaquiline,patients were continued to monitor their bedaquiline concentration and found that BDQ blood concentration in peripheral blood was approximate 1 μg/mL up to 36 weeks.The serum concentration of BDQ was not correlated with age,body weight,BMI,ALT,AST,GGT,TDiL,urea,uric acid and QT interval,but correlated with sputum negative transformation and serum creatinine.The correlation analysis between serum concentration of BDQ and acid-fast staining of sputum smear showed,the difference was significant(r=0.35,P<0.05).In addition,the correlation analysis between serum BDQ concentration and serum creatinine showed,the difference was significant(r=0.34,P<0.05).The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that BDQ blood concentration was positively correlated with Scr level,and Scr was an independent factor affecting BDQ blood concentration.20 cases(90.9%,20/22)were cured,1 case died of Covid-19 virus infection,1 case was recurrence.Conclusions Regimens containing bedaquiline seem to exhibit relatively high safety profiles and good tolerability among patients with rifampicin-resistant,multidrug-resistant,or pre-extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis,typically yielding favorable treatment outcomes.The BDQ shows a positive correlation with serum creatinine(SCr).Consequently,close surveillance of BDQ levels and renal function remains of utmost importance throughout the treatment course.

Microfibrino-associated protein (MFAP) 2 is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein and a member of the MFAP family. It participates in the assembly of extracellular elastic microfibers.Upregulation of MFAP2 can promote the occurrence and development of various tumors and regulate multiple cancer-related signaling pathways and is related to their prognosis, making it a potential target for tumor treatment. This article summarizes the research progress on the pathogenesis, targeted therapy and prognosis of MFAP2 in malignant tumors.

Objective:To analyze the relationship among self-efficacy, family support and diabetes self-management behavior in rural patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and to explore the mediating role of self-efficacy between self-management behavior and family support in rural patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods:From June to July 2023, Jingde county in southern Anhui, Jinzhai county in central Anhui, and Mengcheng county in northern Anhui were selected by multistage stratified cluster random sampling method as investigation sites. A total of 258 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were investigated by face-to-face survey. The questionnaire included general situation survey from, the summary of diabetes self-care activities measure, the self-efficacy for diabetes and diabetes family behavior checklist. SPSS 25.0 and AMOS 26.0 softwares were used for descriptive analysis, correlation analysis, common method bias test and mediation analysis.Results:The self-management behavior score of rural patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus was(2.15±0.96).The self-efficacy score was(28.50±7.02).The family support score was(29.37±9.45).Self-efficacy and family support were positively correlated with self-management behavior( r=0.390, 0.333, both P<0.01), and family support was positively correlated with self-efficacy( r=0.511, P<0.01). Self-efficacy played a partial mediating role between self-management behavior and family support in rural patients with type 2 diabetes, and the mediating effect accounted for 45.2%(0.147/0.325) of the total effect. Conclusion:Family support not only has direct influence on self-management behavior of rural patients with diabetes mellitus, but also has indirect influence on self-management behavior by improving self-efficacy.

Objective:To analyze the relationship among self-efficacy, family support and diabetes self-management behavior in rural patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and to explore the mediating role of self-efficacy between self-management behavior and family support in rural patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods:From June to July 2023, Jingde county in southern Anhui, Jinzhai county in central Anhui, and Mengcheng county in northern Anhui were selected by multistage stratified cluster random sampling method as investigation sites. A total of 258 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were investigated by face-to-face survey. The questionnaire included general situation survey from, the summary of diabetes self-care activities measure, the self-efficacy for diabetes and diabetes family behavior checklist. SPSS 25.0 and AMOS 26.0 softwares were used for descriptive analysis, correlation analysis, common method bias test and mediation analysis.Results:The self-management behavior score of rural patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus was(2.15±0.96).The self-efficacy score was(28.50±7.02).The family support score was(29.37±9.45).Self-efficacy and family support were positively correlated with self-management behavior( r=0.390, 0.333, both P<0.01), and family support was positively correlated with self-efficacy( r=0.511, P<0.01). Self-efficacy played a partial mediating role between self-management behavior and family support in rural patients with type 2 diabetes, and the mediating effect accounted for 45.2%(0.147/0.325) of the total effect. Conclusion:Family support not only has direct influence on self-management behavior of rural patients with diabetes mellitus, but also has indirect influence on self-management behavior by improving self-efficacy.

Objective:To analyze the results of low-dose lung CT screening for military flying personnel, and to explore its influence on aeromedical identification.Methods:The imaging and aeromedical identification data of military flying personnel who underwent annual physical examination in Air Force Healthcare Center for Special Services Hangzhou were analyzed retrospectively. According to the imaging manifestations, the enrolled low-dose lung CT results were divided into the following 6 categories: no obvious abnormality, old lesions, pulmonary nodules, pulmonary bullae, pulmonary inflammatory lesions and extrapulmonary diseases. The detection rates of various examination results were statistically analyzed. The military flying personnel were divided into 20-29 years group, 30-39 years group, 40-49 years group and 50-59 years group, and they were divided into fighter pilots, bomb-trans-helicopter pilots, and bomb-trans-helicopter crew members according to the post. The differences in various examination results of flying personnel were compared among different age groups and post groups. The influence of examination results on the aeromedical identification results was analyzed in accordance with the 3-level conclusions as not affecting the conclusion of aeromedical identification, leading to the decline of health grade and leading to temporary grounding. The overall significance level α=0.05, and the pairwise comparison with P< α/statistical times was statistically significant. Results:A total of 2 274 flying personnel was enrolled. The detection rates of various examination results from high to low was no obvious abnormality (45.82%), old lesions (37.55%), pulmonary nodules (14.86%), pulmonary bullae (6.73%), pulmonary inflammatory lesions (2.59%) and extrapulmonary diseases (1.85%). There was significant difference among examination results of different age groups ( χ2=183.43, P<0.001). The detection rate of no obvious abnormality was the highest in 20-29 years group and 30-39 years group; the detection rate of old lesions was the highest in 40-49 years group and 50-59 years group. The detection rate of no obvious abnormality decreased with age, and the detection rate of old lesions increased with age (both P< α/6=0.008). The detection rate of pulmonary nodules in 40-49 years group was higher than that in 30-39 years group; the detection rate of pulmonary bullae in 50-59 years group was higher than that in the other age groups; the detection rates of pulmonary inflammatory lesions in 40-49 years group and 50-59 years groups were higher than those in the other age groups; the detection rate of extrapulmonary diseases in 50-59 years group was higher than that in 20-29 years group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.008). There was significant difference in the results of flying personnel among different post groups ( χ2=33.78, P=0.001). The detection rate of no obvious abnormality in bomb-trans-helicopter crew members group was lower than that in bomb-trans-helicopter pilots group and fighter-trainer pilots group, but the detection rates of old lesions and pulmonary nodules were higher than those in the other groups, the differences were statistically significant (all P< α/3=0.017). The detection rate of pulmonary bullae in fighter-trainer pilots group was lower than that in bomb-trans-helicopter crew members group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.017). Although majority of the detected results had no effect on the results of aeromedical identification, there was a significant difference in the proportion of health grade decline and temporary grounding caused by different detected diseases (Fisher exact test value was 82.81, P<0.001). Conclusions:Low-dose lung CT screening plays an important role in the physical examination and aeromedical identification for military flying personnel. It can be routinely used during the annual physical examination for flying personnel, and the aeromedical identification standards and strategies for lung related diseases should be updated synchronously.

Objective:To improve the understanding of craniocerebral diseases and aeromedical assessment from the perspective of imaging by analyzing the results of craniocerebral MRI examination of military flying personnel.Methods:The results of craniocerebral MRI examination were retrospectively analyzed among the military flying personnel who underwent annual physical examination in Air Force Healthcare Center for Special Services Hangzhou from September of 2020 to December of 2021. They were divided into 20-29 years group, 30-39 years group, 40-49 years group, 50-59 years group according to the age, and they were divided into fighter pilots, bomb-transporter pilots, helicopter pilots, air combat/technical personnel according to the aircraft type and post. The detection of craniocerebral MRI examination results of the flying personnel in different age groups and aircraft type and post groups were compared. The influence of abnormal results on the conclusion of aeromedical assessment was analyzed. The α level of statistical analysis was set at 0.05, and the difference was statistically significant with P< α/statistical count for pairwise comparison among groups. Results:Among the craniocerebral MRI examination results of 975 military flying personnel, 473 cases were with no obvious abnormality, 194 were anatomical variation of Willis circle, 27 were congenital brain malformation, 54 were cerebrovascular disease, 279 were white matter hyperintensities (WMHs), 22 were tumor and tumor-like lesions, 26 were arachnoid cyst, 29 were empty sella, 7 were intracranial calcinosis and 2 were craniocerebral trauma. The proportion of no obvious abnormality in 20-29 years group and 30-39 years group were higher than those in other age groups; the detection rates of WMHs in 40-49 years group and 50-59 years group was higher than those in the other age groups; the detection rates of cerebrovascular diseases and empty sella in 50-59 years group were higher than those in the other age groups, and the differences were significant (all P< α/6=0.008). The proportion of no obvious abnormality in fighter pilots and helicopter pilots were higher than those in others; the detection rate of WMHs in air combat/technical personnel was higher than that in others; the detection rate of arachnoid cyst in bomb-transporter pilots was higher than that in fighter pilots, and the differences were significant (all P< α/6=0.008). Most of the abnormal results detected by craniocerebral MRI examination had no significant impact on the conclusion of aeromedical assessment, and those with greater impact were cerebrovascular disease, tumor and tumor-like lesions (both P< α/351=0.001). Conclusions:The MRI examination not only preliminarily explains the basic characteristics of the distribution of craniocerebral diseases among military flying personnel of different ages, aircraft types and posts from the perspective of imaging, but also provides the basis for dynamic follow-up and accurate aeromedical assessment.

Objective:To analyze the results of low-dose lung CT screening for military flying personnel, and to explore its influence on aeromedical identification.Methods:The imaging and aeromedical identification data of military flying personnel who underwent annual physical examination in Air Force Healthcare Center for Special Services Hangzhou were analyzed retrospectively. According to the imaging manifestations, the enrolled low-dose lung CT results were divided into the following 6 categories: no obvious abnormality, old lesions, pulmonary nodules, pulmonary bullae, pulmonary inflammatory lesions and extrapulmonary diseases. The detection rates of various examination results were statistically analyzed. The military flying personnel were divided into 20-29 years group, 30-39 years group, 40-49 years group and 50-59 years group, and they were divided into fighter pilots, bomb-trans-helicopter pilots, and bomb-trans-helicopter crew members according to the post. The differences in various examination results of flying personnel were compared among different age groups and post groups. The influence of examination results on the aeromedical identification results was analyzed in accordance with the 3-level conclusions as not affecting the conclusion of aeromedical identification, leading to the decline of health grade and leading to temporary grounding. The overall significance level α=0.05, and the pairwise comparison with P< α/statistical times was statistically significant. Results:A total of 2 274 flying personnel was enrolled. The detection rates of various examination results from high to low was no obvious abnormality (45.82%), old lesions (37.55%), pulmonary nodules (14.86%), pulmonary bullae (6.73%), pulmonary inflammatory lesions (2.59%) and extrapulmonary diseases (1.85%). There was significant difference among examination results of different age groups ( χ2=183.43, P<0.001). The detection rate of no obvious abnormality was the highest in 20-29 years group and 30-39 years group; the detection rate of old lesions was the highest in 40-49 years group and 50-59 years group. The detection rate of no obvious abnormality decreased with age, and the detection rate of old lesions increased with age (both P< α/6=0.008). The detection rate of pulmonary nodules in 40-49 years group was higher than that in 30-39 years group; the detection rate of pulmonary bullae in 50-59 years group was higher than that in the other age groups; the detection rates of pulmonary inflammatory lesions in 40-49 years group and 50-59 years groups were higher than those in the other age groups; the detection rate of extrapulmonary diseases in 50-59 years group was higher than that in 20-29 years group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.008). There was significant difference in the results of flying personnel among different post groups ( χ2=33.78, P=0.001). The detection rate of no obvious abnormality in bomb-trans-helicopter crew members group was lower than that in bomb-trans-helicopter pilots group and fighter-trainer pilots group, but the detection rates of old lesions and pulmonary nodules were higher than those in the other groups, the differences were statistically significant (all P< α/3=0.017). The detection rate of pulmonary bullae in fighter-trainer pilots group was lower than that in bomb-trans-helicopter crew members group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.017). Although majority of the detected results had no effect on the results of aeromedical identification, there was a significant difference in the proportion of health grade decline and temporary grounding caused by different detected diseases (Fisher exact test value was 82.81, P<0.001). Conclusions:Low-dose lung CT screening plays an important role in the physical examination and aeromedical identification for military flying personnel. It can be routinely used during the annual physical examination for flying personnel, and the aeromedical identification standards and strategies for lung related diseases should be updated synchronously.