In recent years,public hesitancy to vaccinate has come to the fore and can hinder the advancement of immunization programs.It is important to increase public confidence in vaccines and to rationally and effectively promote the immunization behavior of the population.Based on behavioral economics theory,it combines the anchoring effect,loss aversion,two-systems theory,and the herd effect to explore the irrational factors and decision-making preferences behind the public's vaccination decisions,and then proposes discourse strategies for effective boosting to increase the public's confidence in vaccination.

In recent years,public hesitancy to vaccinate has come to the fore and can hinder the advancement of immunization programs.It is important to increase public confidence in vaccines and to rationally and effectively promote the immunization behavior of the population.Based on behavioral economics theory,it combines the anchoring effect,loss aversion,two-systems theory,and the herd effect to explore the irrational factors and decision-making preferences behind the public's vaccination decisions,and then proposes discourse strategies for effective boosting to increase the public's confidence in vaccination.

In recent years,public hesitancy to vaccinate has come to the fore and can hinder the advancement of immunization programs.It is important to increase public confidence in vaccines and to rationally and effectively promote the immunization behavior of the population.Based on behavioral economics theory,it combines the anchoring effect,loss aversion,two-systems theory,and the herd effect to explore the irrational factors and decision-making preferences behind the public's vaccination decisions,and then proposes discourse strategies for effective boosting to increase the public's confidence in vaccination.

In recent years,public hesitancy to vaccinate has come to the fore and can hinder the advancement of immunization programs.It is important to increase public confidence in vaccines and to rationally and effectively promote the immunization behavior of the population.Based on behavioral economics theory,it combines the anchoring effect,loss aversion,two-systems theory,and the herd effect to explore the irrational factors and decision-making preferences behind the public's vaccination decisions,and then proposes discourse strategies for effective boosting to increase the public's confidence in vaccination.

In recent years,public hesitancy to vaccinate has come to the fore and can hinder the advancement of immunization programs.It is important to increase public confidence in vaccines and to rationally and effectively promote the immunization behavior of the population.Based on behavioral economics theory,it combines the anchoring effect,loss aversion,two-systems theory,and the herd effect to explore the irrational factors and decision-making preferences behind the public's vaccination decisions,and then proposes discourse strategies for effective boosting to increase the public's confidence in vaccination.

In recent years,public hesitancy to vaccinate has come to the fore and can hinder the advancement of immunization programs.It is important to increase public confidence in vaccines and to rationally and effectively promote the immunization behavior of the population.Based on behavioral economics theory,it combines the anchoring effect,loss aversion,two-systems theory,and the herd effect to explore the irrational factors and decision-making preferences behind the public's vaccination decisions,and then proposes discourse strategies for effective boosting to increase the public's confidence in vaccination.

Diabetic retinal neurodegeneration is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus, manifested by apoptosis and gliosis, and its pathogenesis is closely related to the oxidative stress induced by high glucose levels. The increase in blood glucose in the body leads to excessive production of reactive oxygen species and the downregulation of antioxidant defense signaling pathways, which leads to oxidative stress in the body, which in turn induces apoptosis, mitochondrial damage and autophagy, resulting in diabetic retinal neurodegeneration. Antioxidant stress therapy with gene therapy, flavonoids, recombinant Ad-β-catenin carriers, and autophagy inducers to exert neuroprotective effects. In the future, more clinical trials are needed to explore the effective dosage and side effects of drugs, and to develop new drugs and treatment strategies for oxidative stress to prevent and treat diabetic retinal neurodegeneration and protect retinal nerve function.

Objective To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of different administration methods of recombinant human endostatin(Endostatin)in the treatment of malignant pleural effusion in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC),and to provide more evidence-based bases for the clinical standardization of the use of Endostatin beyond the drug specification.Methods PubMed,The Cochrane Library,Web of Science,Embase,ChiCTR,VIP,CNKI,WanFang,and SinoMed databases were searched by computer for randomized controlled trials(RCT)of Endostatin alone or combined with chemotherapy for malignant pleural effusion in NSCLC.Network Meta-analysis was performed using Stata 14.0 software.Results A total of 50 RCTs involving 3 429 patients were included,covering 5 intervention measures.Network Meta-analysis showed that in terms of clinical effectiveness,there was no statistically significant difference between Endostatin(thoracic perfusion)+chemotherapeutic drug(thoracic perfusion or intravenous drip)and Endostatin(intravenous drip)+chemotherapeutic drug(thoracic perfusion or intravenous drip),and Endostatin(thoracic perfusion)and chemotherapeutic drug(thoracic perfusion)(P＞0.05);there were statistically differences between Endostatin(thoracic perfusion)+chemotherapeutic drug(thoracic perfusion or intravenous drip)and Endostatin(thoracic perfusion)[OR=3.44,95％CI(2.29,4.50),P＜0.05],and Endostatin(thoracic perfusion)+chemotherapeutic drug(thoracic perfusion or intravenous drip)and chemotherapeutic drug(thoracic perfusion)[OR=3.78,95％CI(3.16,4.51),P＜0.05](P＜0.05).The surface under the cumulative ranking curve(SUCRA)showed that Endostatin(thoracic perfusion)+chemotherapeutic drug(thoracic perfusion or intravenous drip)＞Endostatin(intravenous drip)+chemotherapeutic drug(thoracic perfusion or intravenous drip)＞Endostatin(thoracic perfusion)＞chemotherapeutic drug(thoracic perfusion)＞chemotherapeutic drug(intravenous drip).In terms of adverse effects,such as gastrointestinal reaction,and reduction of white blood cells and platelets,there was no statistically significant difference among the different interventions(P＞0.05).Conclusion Endostatin either by pleural instillation or combined with first-line chemotherapy drugs significantly improves clinical efficacy in malignant pleural effusion in NSCLC,and it is better and safer with thoracic perfusion efficacy.

Objective To investigate the role of TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in mediating sleep depriva-tion induced endolymphatic hydrops.Methods A total of 30 healthy sprague-dawley(SD)rats were randomly di-vided into the control group、big platform control group,and 2 w,3 w,4 w sleep deprivation group,with 6 rats in each group.Modified multiple platform method was adopted to establish the rat sleep deprivation model.Before and after the experiment,the open field and acoustic brain-stem response(ABR)was conducted to evaluate the behavior and hearing level.After ABR test,blood samples were collected from abdominal aorta,and serum levels of TNF-αand MCP-1 were detected by ELISA.The cochlea was dissected,the severity of endolymphatic hydrops was as-sessed by calculating the ratio of the cross sectional area of the membranous cochlear duct(SM)to that of the mem-branous cochlear duct+scale vestibuli(SM+SV).Positive expression of IL-1β,TNF-α,MCP-1,TLR4,NF-κB P65 in rat cochlear tissues was detected via immunohistochemical staining.After the experiment,the changes of hearing level,the severity of endolymphatic hydrops and TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway related proteins and down-stream inflammatory factors expression level were observed.The correlation between TLR4/NF-κB signaling path-way and hearing level and endolymphatic hydropsin rats was analyzed.Results ABR results showed an increased threshold of wave Ⅱ in the sleep deprivation group compared to those of the control group and big platform control group(P＜0.05).The rate of hydrops was 0％in control and big platform control groups,16.67％in 2w sleep deprivation group and 25％in 3 w and 4 w sleep deprivation group.The concentrations of TNF-αand MCP-1 in ser-um of rats in sleep deprivation groups were higher than those in control and big platform control groups,and the 4w sleep deprivation group were statistically significant compared with control and big platform control groups.The ex-pressions of IL-1β,TNF-α,MCP-1,TLR4 and NF-κB P65 in the cochlear spiral ganglion,spiral canal,stria vascu-laris and spiral ligament of rats in sleep deprivation groups were higher than those in control and big platform control groups.Conclusion Sleep deprivation may induce endolymphatic hydrops by the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Ménière disease(MD)is a complex inner ear disorder with an uncertain cause and multiple contrib-uting factors.Affective disorders,such as anxiety,depression,insomnia,and other mood disorders,are common mental illnesses characterized by mood instability.There is a reciprocal relationship between affective disorders and MD,leading to a vicious cycle that worsens the progression of MD.This paper provides a comprehensive summary of the mechanisms linking affective disorders to MD,including changes in hormone levels and tissue damage caused by inflammation.It also explores how affective disorders influence MD through their effects on hormones and in-flammation.Additionally,the feasibility and effectiveness of psychotherapy in treating MD are discussed,with the aim of offering potential avenues for future MD treatment.