Objective:To investigate the composition of immune cells and fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) in the lymph nodes (LNs) follicles of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals with varying immune statuses, and their association with HIV replication.Methods:Neck LNs samples were collected from 4 treatment-naive, newly diagnosed HIV-infected individuals with diverse immune statuses. RNA in situ sequencing was employed, with imaging achieved via rolling circle amplification and fluorescence labeling. By integrating cell segmentation and nuclear staining, single-cell data from up to one hundred thousand cells were generated per paraffin tissue section. Using lymphoid follicles as the unit of analysis, compositional changes in immune cells and FRCs were characterized, and their correlations with viral replication were evaluated. Results:The peripheral blood CD4 + T cell counts of samples LN_1, LN_2, LN_3, and LN_4 exhibited a sequential decrease. A total of 31, 15, 16, and 18 structurally intact follicles were identified in each sample, respectively. In the follicles of LN_1, the proportion of HIV-replicating cells positively correlated with cDCs abundance ( R2=0.2, P=0.011), and HIV RNA signals were spatially colocalized with cDCs and FRCs. In the follicles of LN_2, HIV RNA molecules showed preferential enrichment within FRCs. In sample LN_3, HIV RNA enrichment was observed in both cDCs and CD4 + T cells. In sample LN_4, the proportion of cells with HIV replication was positively correlated with the proportions of the following cells: cDCs ( R2=0.38, P=0.006 4), CD4 + T cells ( R2=0.28, P=0.025), and FRCs ( R2=0.26, P=0.029), and HIV RNA molecules were detected in cDCs, CD4 + T cells, and FRCs. LN_1 and LN_2 samples showed a trend toward negative correlation between HIV-replicating cell proportion and CD8 + T cells proportion. LN_4 sample demonstrated a significant positive correlation between HIV-replicating cell proportion and CD8 + T cells proportion ( R2=0.23, P=0.046). Conclusions:RNA in situ sequencing technology reveals unique distribution patterns of immune cells and viral replication in LNs follicles of HIV-infected individuals. The follicular immune microenvironment exhibits distinct characteristics associated with peripheral blood CD4 + T cell counts, providing novel insights into the spatial dynamics of HIV persistence and immune cell interactions during infection.

Objective:To investigate the composition of immune cells and fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) in the lymph nodes (LNs) follicles of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals with varying immune statuses, and their association with HIV replication.Methods:Neck LNs samples were collected from 4 treatment-naive, newly diagnosed HIV-infected individuals with diverse immune statuses. RNA in situ sequencing was employed, with imaging achieved via rolling circle amplification and fluorescence labeling. By integrating cell segmentation and nuclear staining, single-cell data from up to one hundred thousand cells were generated per paraffin tissue section. Using lymphoid follicles as the unit of analysis, compositional changes in immune cells and FRCs were characterized, and their correlations with viral replication were evaluated. Results:The peripheral blood CD4 + T cell counts of samples LN_1, LN_2, LN_3, and LN_4 exhibited a sequential decrease. A total of 31, 15, 16, and 18 structurally intact follicles were identified in each sample, respectively. In the follicles of LN_1, the proportion of HIV-replicating cells positively correlated with cDCs abundance ( R2=0.2, P=0.011), and HIV RNA signals were spatially colocalized with cDCs and FRCs. In the follicles of LN_2, HIV RNA molecules showed preferential enrichment within FRCs. In sample LN_3, HIV RNA enrichment was observed in both cDCs and CD4 + T cells. In sample LN_4, the proportion of cells with HIV replication was positively correlated with the proportions of the following cells: cDCs ( R2=0.38, P=0.006 4), CD4 + T cells ( R2=0.28, P=0.025), and FRCs ( R2=0.26, P=0.029), and HIV RNA molecules were detected in cDCs, CD4 + T cells, and FRCs. LN_1 and LN_2 samples showed a trend toward negative correlation between HIV-replicating cell proportion and CD8 + T cells proportion. LN_4 sample demonstrated a significant positive correlation between HIV-replicating cell proportion and CD8 + T cells proportion ( R2=0.23, P=0.046). Conclusions:RNA in situ sequencing technology reveals unique distribution patterns of immune cells and viral replication in LNs follicles of HIV-infected individuals. The follicular immune microenvironment exhibits distinct characteristics associated with peripheral blood CD4 + T cell counts, providing novel insights into the spatial dynamics of HIV persistence and immune cell interactions during infection.

The fatality rate of traumatic cardiac arrest (TCA) is extremely high, and it is very different from that of non-traumatic cardiac arrest (NTCA) in resuscitation strategy. Only when the standard resuscitation process is combined with rapid treatment of various reversible causes can the mortality rate of patients be decreased. In this paper, the key factors leading to TCA are reviewed, such as hypovolemic shock, asphyxia, tension pneumothorax, pericardial tamponade, crush syndrome, craniocerebral injury, cerebral hernia, and the control measures are elaborated respectively, so as to provide references for clinical treatment of patients with severe trauma, and reduce TCA incidence and mortality.

Objective:To explore the characteristics of long-lived memory CD8 + T cells and its relationship with disease progression in HIV-1 infected patients. Methods:Twenty-six treatment-na?ve and 26 antiretroviral therapy (ART)-treated HIV-1 infected patients, as well as 11 healthy controls were recruited in this study. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated and analyzed by flow cytometry to detect the frequency and function of long-lived memory CD8 + T cells. Results:The frequency of long-lived memory CD8 + T cells decreased significantly in treatment-na?ve patients compared with that in healthy controls, and was not fully restored in ART-treated group. In addition, the frequency of long-lived memory CD8 + T cells is positively correlated with CD4 + T cell count and CD4/CD8 ratio, while negatively correlated with HIV-1 viral load. Conclusions:The disease progression in chronic HIV-1 infected individuals is accompanied by continuous damage to long-lived memory CD8 + T cell.

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) in the patients with primary liver cancer complicating cirrhosis portal hypertension.Methods Twenty-two cases of TACE combined with TIPS due to decompensation of liver cancer complicating cirrhosis portal hypertension in this hospital from January 2011 to January 2015 were collected as the combined group and 28 cases of liver cancer complicating cirrhosis portal hypertension treated only by TACE without conducting TIPS were screened out as the control group.The curative effect and prognosis of the two groups were observed.Results The success rate of TIPS was 100％,the preoperative portal pressure was (38.4±7.6) cm H2O and the postoperative portal pressure was (28.4±7.7)cm H2O,the difference was statistically significant (P＜ 0.05);the preoperative portal vein diameter was (16.2 ±2.5)mm and postoperative portal vein diameter was (13.3±1.8)mm,the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).The postoperative 1-year stent patency rate was 95％ and 2-year stent patency rate was 90％.The postoperative 1-year and 2-year re-bleeding rates in the control group were 60.7 ％ and 78.5 ％ respectively,which in the combined group were 9.1％ and 13.6 ％ respectively,the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05).The 1-year accumulated survival rate in the combined group was 81％,2-year accumulated survival rate was 68％,and the median survival time was 53 months,while the 1-year accumulated survival rate in the control group was 78 ％,2-year accumulated survival rate was 15 ％,and the median survival time was 17 months,the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05).Conclusion Conducting TACE combined with TIPS in the patients with primary liver cancer complicating cirrhosis portal hypertension can safely and effectively control the tumor development,reduce and even eliminate the portal hypertension syndrome,and increase the life quality and survival rate.