Background Public places are important areas for daily human activities. Frequent contact with public items promotes their role as vehicles for microbial spread, creating a substantial risk for the transmission of pathogenic microorganisms. Objective To understand the hygiene status and influencing factors of public items in typical public places in Shanghai from 2010 to 2024, and to provide a scientific basis for optimizing the hygiene management of public items. Methods Based on the monitoring data of public items in public places in Shanghai from 2010 to 2024, the hygiene status was evaluated in three stages: 2010–2019, 2020–2022, and 2023–2024. Chi-square test and logistic regression were used to analyze the impact of factors such as monitoring stages, public place types, and public item categories on the hygiene status. Results The public items in 13807 public places were monitored. A total of 1 022 bed sheets and 9 271 towels were tested for pH value, with qualified rates of 77.66% and 87.81%, respectively. The OR (95%CI) for the pH compliance of towels relative to bed sheets was 1.77 (1.45, 2.15). Compared with bathing places, the ORs for pH compliance of towels in hair salons and beauty salons were 2.24 (1.75, 2.87) and 2.15 (1.57, 2.95), respectively. Additionally, a total of 221 650 samples from various public items were tested for microorganisms, yielding 215554 qualified samples, with an average qualified rate of 97.25%. The qualified rates for total bacterial count, total fungal count, coliforms, and Staphylococcus aureus were 92.66%, 94.63%, 98.85%, and 99.84%, respectively. The logistic regression analysis showed that, compared to the 2016–2019 baseline, no statistically significant differences were observed in the qualified rates of total fungal count across different stages; however, significantly higher qualified rates for total bacterial count, total fungal count, coliforms, and Staphylococcus aureus were recorded during 2020–2022, with ORs (95%CI) of 1.27 (1.16, 1.38), 23.20 (8.42, 63.94), and 12.08 (1.63, 89.92), respectively. Conclusion The pH compliance ranks among the top tier nationwide for cotton textile goods in Shanghai, suggesting minimal detergent retention. Furthermore, continuous improvement in cleaning and disinfection measurements has markedly enhanced the microbial hygiene of public items in public places.

Objective:To investigate whether there is a causal relationship between atopic dermatitis(AD)and ankylosing spondylitis(AS).Methods:Genetic data of AD and AS were extracted from genome-wide association studies(GWAS)by Mendelian randomization(MR),and inverse variance-weighted(IVW)analysis was used as main analysis,supplemented by weighted median,MR-Egger,weighted mode,etc,and verified by a series of sensitivity analyses.Results:IVW analysis of AD by AS:OR=1.015,95％CI:1.005～1.025,P=0.004.IVW analysis of AD for AS:OR=1.001,95％CI:1.000～1.002,P=0.120.Conclusion:AS has a statisti-cally small causal relationship on AD,and AD has no causal effect on AS.

Objective To investigate the impacts of percutaneous endoscopic interlaminar discectomy(PEID)on pain level and lumbar function in patients with lumbar disc herniation(LDH).Methods From January 2022 to August 2023,84 patients were diagnosed with L4/5 LDH based on clinical data and imaging information were selected as the study subjects.And they were assigned into 42 cases in experimental group and 42 cases in traditional groups complying with treatment methods.The traditional group underwent traditional open approach treatment,while the experimental group underwent PEID.The surgical indicators(including hospitalization time,surgical time,bed rest time,and intraoperative fluoroscopy frequency),the levels of interleukin-6(IL-6)and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)were compared between the two groups,the visual analogue scale(VAS)score and Oswestry disability index(ODI)were used to quantify the pain level of waist and lower limbs and lumbar function,and the excellent and good rate of clinical satisfaction and the incidence of complications were compared.Results The hospitalization time and bed rest time of the experimental group were obviously shorter than those of the traditional group,while the fluoroscopy frequency was less than that of the traditional group,and surgical time was longer than that of the traditional group,the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).After treatment,the pain VAS score and ODI of waist and lower limbs,the IL-6,and TNF-α in the two groups were lower than those before treatment,the experimental group was lower than the traditional group,the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).The excellent and good rate of the experimental group and the traditional group were 88.10％and 83.33％,respectively,with no statistically significant difference(P＞0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the total incidence of complications between the two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion PEID surgery can effectively alleviate nerve compression,alleviate pain of waist and lower limbs,promote the recovering of lumbar function,and facilitate postoperative recovery in LDH patients.

Objective To investigate the impacts of percutaneous endoscopic interlaminar discectomy(PEID)on pain level and lumbar function in patients with lumbar disc herniation(LDH).Methods From January 2022 to August 2023,84 patients were diagnosed with L4/5 LDH based on clinical data and imaging information were selected as the study subjects.And they were assigned into 42 cases in experimental group and 42 cases in traditional groups complying with treatment methods.The traditional group underwent traditional open approach treatment,while the experimental group underwent PEID.The surgical indicators(including hospitalization time,surgical time,bed rest time,and intraoperative fluoroscopy frequency),the levels of interleukin-6(IL-6)and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)were compared between the two groups,the visual analogue scale(VAS)score and Oswestry disability index(ODI)were used to quantify the pain level of waist and lower limbs and lumbar function,and the excellent and good rate of clinical satisfaction and the incidence of complications were compared.Results The hospitalization time and bed rest time of the experimental group were obviously shorter than those of the traditional group,while the fluoroscopy frequency was less than that of the traditional group,and surgical time was longer than that of the traditional group,the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).After treatment,the pain VAS score and ODI of waist and lower limbs,the IL-6,and TNF-α in the two groups were lower than those before treatment,the experimental group was lower than the traditional group,the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).The excellent and good rate of the experimental group and the traditional group were 88.10％and 83.33％,respectively,with no statistically significant difference(P＞0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the total incidence of complications between the two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion PEID surgery can effectively alleviate nerve compression,alleviate pain of waist and lower limbs,promote the recovering of lumbar function,and facilitate postoperative recovery in LDH patients.

Chinese-foreign joint education program of clinical medicine is an important means to achieve the globalization of medical education. Chongqing Medical University and University of Leicester in the UK have jointly established a Chinese-foreign joint education program of clinical medicine to achieve the integration of Chinese and British cultivation concepts, management systems, teaching resources, teacher teams, evaluation systems, and multiculturalism. They have also constructed an internal teaching quality assurance system with the main contents of the improvement of management mechanisms, the formulation of training programs, the construction of teaching staff, the design of syllabuses, the curriculum assessment system, and teaching quality evaluation, as well as an external teaching quality assurance system with the core components of clinical medicine accreditation, Chinese-foreign joint education program evaluations, international quality audits, and professional quality monitoring. Both systems can help to comprehensively improve teaching quality.

Objective:To investigate whether there is a causal relationship between atopic dermatitis(AD)and ankylosing spondylitis(AS).Methods:Genetic data of AD and AS were extracted from genome-wide association studies(GWAS)by Mendelian randomization(MR),and inverse variance-weighted(IVW)analysis was used as main analysis,supplemented by weighted median,MR-Egger,weighted mode,etc,and verified by a series of sensitivity analyses.Results:IVW analysis of AD by AS:OR=1.015,95％CI:1.005～1.025,P=0.004.IVW analysis of AD for AS:OR=1.001,95％CI:1.000～1.002,P=0.120.Conclusion:AS has a statisti-cally small causal relationship on AD,and AD has no causal effect on AS.

ObjectiveTo investigate the role and mechanism of thymic stromal lymphopoietin （TSLP） in a mouse model of acetaminophen （APAP）-induced acute liver injury. MethodsA total of 16 wild-type （WT） male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into control group and APAP group， with 8 mice in each group， and the mice in the APAP group were given intraperitoneal injection of APAP solution at a dose of 400 mg/kg to establish an animal model， while those in the control group were given injection of an equal volume of normal saline， with samples collected after 6 hours. An automatic chemical analyzer was used to measure the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase （ALT） and aspartate aminotransferase （AST）； quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure the mRNA expression levels of the inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） and interleukin-6 （IL-6） in liver tissue； the kit was used to measure the content of glutathione （GSH） in liver tissue homogenate； quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot were used to measure the transcriptional level and protein expression level of TSLP. Furthermore， 22 WT male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into control group with 8 mice， APAP group with 8 mice， and APAP+recombination TSLP （rTSLP） group with 6 mice； the mice in the APAP+rTSLP group were given intraperitoneal injection of rTSLP solution， while those in the control group and the APAP group were given injection of the solvent PBS； after 30 minutes， the mice in the APAP+rTSLP group and the APAP group were given injection of APAP solution， while those in the control group were given injection of an equal volume of normal saline. The serum levels of ALT and AST were measured； HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes of the liver； kits were used to measure the levels of the oxidative stress indices malondialdehyde （MDA） and superoxide dismutase （SOD） in liver tissue homogenate； Western blot was used to measure the expression levels of the autophagy-related proteins LC3‍Ⅰ/Ⅱ， Beclin1， and P62 and the molecules such as nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 （Nrf2）， protein kinase B （Akt）， phosphorylated Akt （p-Akt）， mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR）， and phosphorylated mTOR （p-mTOR）. In addition， 16 WT male C57BL/6J mice and 16 TSLP receptor-silenced （TSLPR^-/-） mice were divided into WT mouse control group， WT mouse APAP group， TSLPR^-/- mouse control group， and TSLPR^-/- mouse APAP group， with 8 mice in each group； the mice in the WT mouse APAP group and the TSLPR^-/- mouse APAP group were used for modeling by intraperitoneal injection of APAP solution at a dose of 400 mg/kg， and those in the WT mouse control group and the TSLPR^-/- mouse control group were given injection of an equal volume of normal saline. The serum levels of ALT and AST and the content of MDA in liver tissue were measured for these four groups， and Western blot was used to measure the protein expression levels of LC3Ⅰ/Ⅱ， Akt， and p-Akt. The independent-samples t test was used for comparison of continuous data between two groups； a one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison between multiple groups， and the least significant difference t-test was used for further comparison between two groups. ResultsAfter the mouse model of APAP-induced acute liver injury was established successfully， there were significant increases in the mRNA and protein expression levels of TSLP compared with the control group （both P<0.01）. In the study of rTSLP， compared with the control group， the APAP group had significant increases in ALT and AST （both P<0.001） and radial necrosis along the central vein observed by HE staining of liver tissue， as well as significant reductions in the protein expression levels of the oxidative stress indices SOD and Nrf2 and a significant increase in the level of MDA （all P<0.01）； compared with the APAP group， the APAP+rTSLP group had significant reductions in ALT and AST， a significant reduction in necrotic area of liver tissue， significant increases in the protein expression levels of SOD and Nrf2， and a significant reduction in MDA （all P<0.05）； there were significant differences in the protein expression levels of LC3Ⅰ/Ⅱ， Beclin1， P62， p-Akt， and p-mTOR between the APAP+rTSLP group and the control group （all P<0.01）. In the study of TSLPR^-/- mice， compared with the WT mice after modeling， the TSLPR^-/- mice had significant increases in the levels of ALT， AST， and MDA and significant reductions in the expression levels of LC3Ⅰ/Ⅱ and p-Akt （all P<0.05）. ConclusionTSLP can increase autophagy， reduce oxidative stress， and thus improve acute liver injury induced by APAP overdose， possibly by activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and inhibiting mTOR.

Objective:To investigate the application effect of a novel zipper device in wound healing after incision and drainage of cuta-neous abscesses in children,and to explore its optimal intervention timing.Methods:A total of 50 children who attended the outpatient service of Department of Pediatric surgery from September 2023 to September 2024 were enrolled and divided into two groups accord-ing to the parity of the date of visit.The 26 children with the odd date of visit were enrolled as experimental group,and the 24 children with the even date of visit were enrolled as control group.The same anti-infective dressings were used for wound dressing in both groups after incision and drainage,and when there was a significant reduction in wound exudate and the fresh granulation tissue emerged at wound base,the zipper device was used for the children in the experimental group,and dressing change was performed for the children in the control group until the wound was completely healed.The two groups were compared in terms of wound healing time,healing rate,and the total costs of dressing change,and the multiple linear regression model and the restricted cubic spline(RCS)model were used to analyze the association between the in-tervention time of the zipper device and wound healing time.Re-sults:Compared with the control group,the experimental group had a significantly shorter wound healing time,a significantly higher wound healing rate,and significantly lower total costs of dressing change(P<0.001).The multiple linear regression model showed that the infection size of skin abscess and the intervention time of the zipper device were strongly associated with wound healing time(P<0.05).After adjustment for infection size,the RCS model analysis showed a significant linear dose-response relationship between intervention time and wound healing time(Pnonlinear=0.406),and wound healing time shortened with the reduction in intervention time(P<0.001).Conclusion:The application of the novel zipper device can help with the healing of cutaneous abscesses in children,and it is recommended to apply the device as early as possible after control of wound infection,in order to promote early wound healing.

Chinese-foreign joint education program of clinical medicine is an important means to achieve the globalization of medical education. Chongqing Medical University and University of Leicester in the UK have jointly established a Chinese-foreign joint education program of clinical medicine to achieve the integration of Chinese and British cultivation concepts, management systems, teaching resources, teacher teams, evaluation systems, and multiculturalism. They have also constructed an internal teaching quality assurance system with the main contents of the improvement of management mechanisms, the formulation of training programs, the construction of teaching staff, the design of syllabuses, the curriculum assessment system, and teaching quality evaluation, as well as an external teaching quality assurance system with the core components of clinical medicine accreditation, Chinese-foreign joint education program evaluations, international quality audits, and professional quality monitoring. Both systems can help to comprehensively improve teaching quality.

Background Swimming is becoming increasingly popular for its combined leisure and fitness benefits. However, polluted swimming pool water may pose various health risks. Previous studies have indicated that health indicators of swimming venues have lower qualification rates compared to other public places, highlighting the urgent need to optimize hygiene management measures. Objective To assess the overall hygiene status and identify the key factors influencing water quality in Shanghai’s swimming venues from 2010 to 2024, and to provide a scientific basis for optimizing water quality management. Methods Water quality was assessed in three stages (2010—2019, 2020—2022, and 2023—2024) based on the monitoring data of Shanghai’s swimming venues (2010—2024). The influences of monitoring stage, region, season, scale, day of week, and per capita attendance on water quality were analyzed using chi-square tests and logistic regression. Results From 2010 to 2024, water quality was monitored in 1478 swimming venues. The compliance rates of turbidity, pH, urea, oxidation-reduction potential, free residual chlorine, combined residual chlorine, total bacteria, coliforms, and heat-resistant coliforms in swimming pool water, and free residual chlorine in the foot disinfection basin water samples were 99.56%, 94.73%, 73.00%, 47.50%, 56.55%, 54.12%, 97.74%, 99.49%, 99.90%, and 69.19%, respectively. The overall water quality compliance rate was 85.28%. The main non-compliant indicators for swimming pool water were urea, ORP, free residual chlorine, and combined residual chlorine, along with free chlorine residual in the foot disinfection basin water samples. Using the period before the implementation of the new national standard as reference, the results of logistic regression revealed that the qualification rates of urea, ORP, and free residual chlorine in the swimming pool water samples, as well as free residual chlorine in foot disinfection basin water samples, were significantly higher during the two phases after launching the new standard (2020–2022 and 2023–2024), and the associated odds ratios (95%CI) were 1.28 (1.00, 1.64) and 1.48 (1.12, 1.95), 13.35 (7.63, 23.37) and 10.78 (7.00, 16.60), 2.54 (1.81, 3.58) and 3.18 (2.41, 4.20), and 3.14 (2.14, 4.60) and 2.83 (1.89, 4.23), respectively. Compared with the reference group, those sampled in urban pools and in non-summer seasons showed higher qualification rates of urea and ORP; in contrast, the pools with high visitor flow showed lower qualification rates of free residual chlorine in both water samples of swimming pools and foot disinfection basins (P<0.05). Conclusion The implementation of the new national standard has effectively enhanced the management standards and significantly improved overall water quality of swimming venues in Shanghai. However, the compliance rates of free residual chlorine and urea in swimming pool water still need further improvement. The compliance of some indicators is influenced by region, season, scale, and average passenger flow, particularly in small suburban swimming venues. Future efforts should focus on refining water quality management strategies and enhancing public health management.