Objective This study aimed to explore the potential targets of Yishenqingli Formula in treating idiopathic membranous nephropathy(IMN)using a combination of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS)analysis and network pharmacology.Methods The active ingredients of the Yishen Qingli Formula were identified through the BATMAN-TCM database and LC-MS qualitative analysis.The biological processes and mechanism pathways of the Yishen Qingli Formula in treating IMN were predicted using network pharmacology,and molecular docking and in vitro,experiments were conducted to verify the selected core targets.The core targets were selected and validated through molecular docking and in vitro experiments.Results A total of 15 active ingredients were selected from the Yishen Qingli Formula,and 72 core genes were obtained by intersecting its target with the IMN disease target.GO enrichment analysis results showed that the regulation of apoptosis signaling pathway,white cell migration,peptide tyrosine phosphorylation,and so on were involved;The KEGG pathway enrichment analysis results showed that the treatment of IMN with Yishen Qingli Formula involves apoptosis-related signaling pathways such as TNF,PI3K/AKT,MAPK,etc.In vitro,experiments have shown that Yishen Qingli Formula can reduce podocyte apoptosis by regulating the PI3K/AKT pathway.Conclusion Yishen Qingli Formula is a treatment for idiopathic membranous nephropathy through multiple targets and pathways.It has an anti-apoptotic effect on the C5b-9 induced podocyte sub-lysis model,and its mechanism of action may be related to the TNF,PI3K/AKT,MAPK signaling pathways.

Background Air quality health index (AQHI) has been widely used to quantify the health effects of multiple pollutants observed in population-based epidemiological studies, and can better reflect the widespread linear non-threshold between air pollution and health effects. Objective To explore an AQHI for pediatric respiratory diseases (AQHI_r) in Shanghai and evaluate its feasibility. Methods The daily numbers of hospital outpatient visits for pediatric respiratory diseases from 2015 to 2019 were obtained from five general hospitals in Xuhui, Baoshan, Hongkou, Jinshan, and Chongming Districts of Shanghai. Monitoring data on air pollutants (PM_2.5, PM₁₀, SO₂, NO₂, and O₃), air quality index (AQI), and meteorological variables (temperature, relative humidity, air pressure, and wind speed) were collected from five air quality monitoring sites nearest to selected hospitals. Time-series analysis using generalized additive model (GAM) was conducted to estimate the associations between respiratory-related pediatric outpatient visits and the concentrations of air pollutants. The sum of excess risk (ER) of hospital outpatient visits was used to construct AQHI_r. To assess the predictive power of AQHI_r, the associations of AQHI_r and AQI with the number of pediatric respiratory outpatient visits in three hospitals in Xuhui, Hongkou, and Chongming districts were compared. Results Air pollutants had various effects on respiratory diseases outpatient visits. PM_2.5, NO₂, and O₃ had most significant impacts on lag0 day and the associated ERs of hospital outpatient visits for each 10 μg·m⁻³ increase in pollutant concentration were 1.27% (95%CI: 0.88%-1.66%), 0.75% (95%CI: 0.40%-1.11%), and 0.36% (95%CI: 0.10%-0.62%), respectively. PM₁₀ and SO₂ had most significant impacts on lag3 day and the associated ERs of hospital outpatient visits for each 10 μg·m⁻³ increase in pollutant concentration were 0.81% (95%CI: 0.51%-1.12%) and 5.64% (95%CI: 3.37%-7.96%), respectively. There were significant effects of combinations of two pollutants among PM_2.5, PM₁₀, NO₂, SO₂, and O₃ except for PM₁₀+NO₂, SO₂+PM_2.5, and SO₂+NO₂ (P<0.05). According to the results of single-pollutant and two-pollutant models, PM_2.5, NO₂, SO₂, and O₃ were selected to construct AQHI_r. The comparison showed that for every interquartile range increase in AQHI_r, the ER for pediatric outpatient visits was higher than that for the value corresponding to AQI. Conclusion Air pollutants in Shanghai have an impact on the number of pediatric respiratory outpatient visits. The AQHI_r based on and outpatient visits for pediatric respiratory diseases can be a sensitive index to predict the effects of air pollution on children's respiratory health.

Objective:To investigate the effects of hyperbaric oxygen combined with fibroblast growth factor (FGF) on skin wound healing and serum indicators.Methods:A total of 84 patients with skin wounds treated at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University between March 2017 and July 2019 were selected and evenly divided into observation group and control group (42 cases in each group) using a random number table. The control group was treated with human FGF; and the observation group was additionally treated with hyperbaric oxygen. The wound healing time and wound healing rate after 15 days of treatment in the two groups were recorded. The wound exudate was collected before treatment and on the 5th, 10th, and 15th days of treatment. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the wound serum inflammatory factor C-reactive protein (CRP), the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and the levels of wound serum indicators interleukin-33 (IL-33), soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (sST2), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The itching and reddening of the skin lesions were also observed besides other adverse reactions.Results:After 15 days of treatment, the wound healing time in the observation group was shorter than that of the control group; and the wound healing rate was significantly higher than that in the control group; the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). On the 5th, 10th, and 15th days of treatment, the CRP and TNF-α levels in both groups were reduced than those before the treatment. Moreover, the levels of CRP and TNF-α in the observation group were distinctly lower than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively). On the 5th, 10th, and 15th days of treatment, the wound lesion serum levels of IL-33 and sST2 in both groups were significantly reduced, and the levels of IL-33 and sST2 in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( P<0.05). On the 5th, 10th, and 15th days of treatment, the wound lesion serum levels of TGF-β1, VEGF, and CTGF in both groups were significantly increased after treatment, and the levels of TGF-β1, VEGF, and CTGF in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively). During the inpatient treatment, the incidence of adverse reactions, such as itching and reddening of the skin lesion, was lower than expected, and there was no significant difference between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Hyperbaric oxygen combined with FGF in the treatment of patients with skin wounds produces better curative effects and reduce risks, through regulating the levels of inflammatory factors and promoting factors for skin wound repair.

Objective:To investigate the effects of hyperbaric oxygen combined with fibroblast growth factor (FGF) on skin wound healing and serum indicators.Methods:A total of 84 patients with skin wounds treated at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University between March 2017 and July 2019 were selected and evenly divided into observation group and control group (42 cases in each group) using a random number table. The control group was treated with human FGF; and the observation group was additionally treated with hyperbaric oxygen. The wound healing time and wound healing rate after 15 days of treatment in the two groups were recorded. The wound exudate was collected before treatment and on the 5th, 10th, and 15th days of treatment. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the wound serum inflammatory factor C-reactive protein (CRP), the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and the levels of wound serum indicators interleukin-33 (IL-33), soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (sST2), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The itching and reddening of the skin lesions were also observed besides other adverse reactions.Results:After 15 days of treatment, the wound healing time in the observation group was shorter than that of the control group; and the wound healing rate was significantly higher than that in the control group; the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). On the 5th, 10th, and 15th days of treatment, the CRP and TNF-α levels in both groups were reduced than those before the treatment. Moreover, the levels of CRP and TNF-α in the observation group were distinctly lower than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively). On the 5th, 10th, and 15th days of treatment, the wound lesion serum levels of IL-33 and sST2 in both groups were significantly reduced, and the levels of IL-33 and sST2 in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( P<0.05). On the 5th, 10th, and 15th days of treatment, the wound lesion serum levels of TGF-β1, VEGF, and CTGF in both groups were significantly increased after treatment, and the levels of TGF-β1, VEGF, and CTGF in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively). During the inpatient treatment, the incidence of adverse reactions, such as itching and reddening of the skin lesion, was lower than expected, and there was no significant difference between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Hyperbaric oxygen combined with FGF in the treatment of patients with skin wounds produces better curative effects and reduce risks, through regulating the levels of inflammatory factors and promoting factors for skin wound repair.

Objective. DNA modification fixed as mutations in the cells may be an essential factor in the initiation step of chemical carcinogenesis. In order to explore the mechanism of gene mutation and cell transformation induced by glycidyl methacrylate (GMA), the current test studied the characteristics of GMA-DNA adducts formation in vitro.Methods. In vitro test, dAMP, dCMP, dGMP, dTMP and calf thymus DNA were allowed to react with GMA (Glycidyl Methacrylate). After the reaction, the mixtures were detected by UV and subjected to reversed-phase HPLC on ultrasphere ODS reversed-phase column, the reaction products were eluted with a linear gradients of methanol (solvent A) and 10mmol/L ammonium formate, pH5.0 (solvent B). The synthesized adducts were then characterized by UV spectroscopy in acid (pH1.0), neutral (pH7.2), alkaline (pH11.0) and by mass spectroscopy.Results. The results showed that GMA could bind with dAMP, dCMP, dGMP and calf thymus DNA by covalent bond, and the binding sites were specific (N6 of adenine, N3 of cytosine). Meanwhile, a main GMA-DNA adduct in the reaction of GMA with calf thymus DNA was confirmed as N3-methacrylate-2-hydroxypropy1-dCMP.Conclusions. GMA can react with DNA and /or deoxynucleotide monophosphate and generate some adducts such as N6-methacrylate-2-hydroxypropyl-dAMP and N3-methacrylate-2-hydroxypropyl-dCMP, ets. Formation of GMA-DNA adducts is an important molecular event in gene mutation and cell transformation induced by GMA.