Objective To investigate the association between physical activity levels and blood lipids among college freshmen, and to provide scientific evidence for the health management of college freshmen. Methods An electronic questionnaire survey on physical activity was conducted on freshmen of a university, and fasting blood biochemical indicators were detected. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) short form was used to evaluate the physical activity levels of the participants. Dyslipidemia was defined as an abnormality in any one of the following serum lipid parameters: total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), or non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Binary logistic regression and stratified analyses were employed to explore the relationship between physical activity and blood lipids. Results A total of 3 401 participants were included, with an average age of 18.45 ± 0.92 years, and 60.5% were female. The prevalence of dyslipidemia was 17.7%, with a higher rate among males (22.1%) than females (14.8%). After adjusting for confounding factors related to blood lipids, high-intensity physical activity was negatively associated with the risk of elevated LDL-C among males (OR = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.13–0.99, P = 0.049). Conclusion Among freshmen at a medical college in Hubei Province, high-intensity physical activity is negatively associated with the risk of elevated LDL-C in males, but this association needs to be further confirmed by larger prospective cohort studies.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are being widely applied in the treatment of various malignancies, significantly prolonging survival and improving quality of life. However, consequent immune-related adverse events have emerged as new clinical challenges. As a high-burden country for tuberculosis (TB), China faces particular concern regarding the impact of ICIs therapy on TB reactivation in cancer patients. Based on the detection principles of the TB interferon-γ release assay (TB-IGRA), this review explores its potential value in predicting ICIs efficacy and proposes a management algorithm for pulmonary TB patients undergoing ICIs treatment, aiming to maximize clinical benefits while ensuring safety.

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) among college students in Yangzhou from 2020 to 2024, so as to provide a scientific basis for developing prevention and control strategies. Methods: An epidemiological investigation was conducted among 162 college students with PTB, and 7 134 of their contacts were screened. Data were obtained from the tuberculosis information management system and on campus screening records. Using descriptive epidemiological methods, trends in incidence, seasonal distribution, and bacteriological characteristics were analyzed. Results: From 2020 to 2024, the annual average incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis among college students in Yangzhou was 29.42 per 100 000, showing an overall fluctuating downward trend ( χ 2=12.36, P <0.01). Cases were mainly concentrated in summer and autumn, with the highest proportion in autumn (41.36%, 67/162), followed by summer (23.46%, 38/162). The proportion of etiologically positive cases increased from 37.21% in 2020 to 71.43% in 2024; among positive cases, the proportion of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) decreased from 66.67% (10/15) to 26.67% (4/15). The etiological positive rate was higher in females than in males ( χ 2= 11.76 , P <0.01). Comparison of screening methods showed that among index cases, the LTBI detection rate of the recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis fusion protein skin test (C-TST) was higher than that of the tuberculin skin test (TST), but the difference was not statistically significant ( χ 2=0.65, P =0.42); among close contacts, the detection rate of TST was higher than that of C-TST (15.1%,10.1%; χ 2=5.23, P <0.05). Conclusion From 2020 to 2024, the annual average incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis among college students in Yangzhou showed an overall fluctuating downward trend, with differences in TB infection screening methods and gender.

ObjectiveTo investigate the short-term efficacy and safety of different doses of Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) injected under ultrasound guidance combined with modified catheter-balloon localization for post-stroke cricopharyngeal dysfunction (CPD), and to explore a relatively appropriate dose. MethodsA total of 136 patients with post-stroke CPD admitted to Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province from December, 2023 to February, 2026 were randomly assigned into control group, 50 U group, 70 U group and 100 U group, with 34 patients in each group. The control group received conventional rehabilitation, whereas the three BTX-A groups received conventional rehabilitation plus the corresponding dose of BTX-A injected under ultrasound guidance combined with modified catheter-balloon localization. Videofluoroscopic Swallowing Study (VFSS) scores, Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS) scores, Yale Pharyngeal Residue Severity Rating Scale (YPR-SRS) grades, Murray Secretion Severity Scale (MSS) grades and ultrasonographic parameters were compared before and two weeks after intervention. ResultsAfter intervention, FOIS scores improved significantly in all groups (|Z| > 2.843, P < 0.01), and YPR-SRS and MSS grades also showed significant improvements in all BTX-A groups (|Z| > 4.147, P < 0.001). Pairwise comparisons revealed that the order of improvement from best to worst for FOIS, YPR-SRS and MSS grades was the 100 U group, followed by 70 U group, and then 50 U group (P < 0.05). For VFSS scores, the effect of time, group and interaction were all significant (F > 9.68, P < 0.001); pairwise comparisons showed that 100 U group achieved the best outcomes (P < 0.001). Regarding the activity and velocity of the geniohyoid muscle, the effects of time, group and interaction were also significant (F > 7.34, P < 0.001); pairwise comparisons indicated that 100 U group outperformed the other groups in both activity and velocity (P < 0.001). For hyoid bone displacement distance and shortening rate, the effects of time and interaction were significant (F > 3.07, P < 0.05), and the main effects of time on duration and velocity were significant (P < 0.01); pairwise comparisons showed that the 100 U group had superior displacement distance and shortening rate compared to the other groups (P < 0.05). During the treatment and follow-up periods, no serious adverse event occurred in any group. ConclusionUltrasound-guided BTX-A injection assisted by modified catheter-balloon localization may further improve short-term swallowing function in patients with post-stroke CPD， with a dosage of 100 U.

ObjectiveTo investigate the impact of a cold environment on the pathophysiological changes in dogs after abdominal gastrointestinal blast injury. MethodsEight healthy common-grade adult male Beagles were selected and randomly divided into a cold group and a normal temperature group, with 4 dogs in each group. Prior to surgery, Beagles dogs were fasted and deprived of water for 12 hours; after establishing a vein at the edge of the ear, propofol （2 mg·kg^-1·min^-1） was continuously infused using a microinfusion pump to maintain anesthesia. Tracheal intubation was performed while preserving spontaneous breathing, and the electroencephalogram bifrequency index was maintained at 40-60 to ensure stable anesthesia. A model of abdominal gastrointestinal blast injury in Beagle dogs was established using a multifunctional combat trauma modeling platform. After blast injury, the cold group was exposed to a cold chamber at -20 ℃ combined with 10% body surface area ice water immersion for 40 min, while the normal temperature group was kept in an environment at (25±2) ℃ for 40 min after blast injury. Vital signs such as heart rate, blood pressure, and blood oxygen saturation were monitored in both groups before blast injury, immediately after blast injury, and 40 min after blast injury. And arterial blood gas parameters, including pH, partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood (PaO₂), partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood (PaCO₂), actual bicarbonate radical (HCO₃^-), lactic acid (Lac), and blood base excess (BEb), were measured. After the experiment, gastrointestinal tissues (gastric antrum and upper jejunum 5 cm distal to the suspensory ligament of the duodenum) were harvested for pathological analysis via hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining combined with semi-quantitative scoring. ResultsPhysiological indicators showed that the body temperature of the cold group was significantly lower than that of the normal temperature group (P<0.01), and the heart rate and systolic blood pressure of the cold group were significantly higher than those of the normal temperature group (P<0.000 1). PaCO₂ was markedly elevated and BEb was markedly decreased in the cold group relative to the normal temperature group (P<0.000 1), suggesting aggravated respiratory acidosis and metabolic acidosis. Pathological analysis showed that gastro-intestinal tissue damage was more severe in the cold group: the gastric mucosal epithelial shedding rate was > 60% (vs. <25% in the normal temperature group), the necrosis rate of the epithelial cells at the tips of intestinal villi reached more than 70% (vs. < 30% in the normal temperature group), and inflammatory cell infiltration involved the submucosa (vs. limited to the superficial mucosa in the normal temperature group). The semi-quantitative scoring results were consistent with the pathological analysis results, further confirming that the cold environment exacerbated gastrointestinal tissue damage caused by abdominal gastrointestinal blast injury. ConclusionA cold environment can exacerbate circulatory dysfunction and gastrointestinal tissue damage in Beagle dogs after blast injury, providing experimental evidence for early rewarming intervention for combat trauma in cold regions.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the mechanism of Yangfei tongluo formula in delaying airway remodeling in post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans （PIBO） model rats.METHODS Forty-eight 2-week-old SPF male SD rats were randomly divided into control group （Control group）， PIBO model group （Model group）， Prednisone Acetate tablets+Azithromycin tablets group [positive control group， Prednisone Acetate tablets 0.006 3 g/（kg·d）+Azithromycin tablets 0.031 5 g/（kg·d）]， and high-， medium-， and low-dose Yangfei tongluo formula groups [42.42， 21.21， 10.60 g/（kg·d）]. The PIBO rat model was established by intratracheal instillation of diacetyl. After modeling， rats in each group were administered corresponding drug solution or distilled water by gavage once daily for 21 consecutive days. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to evaluate the pathological changes of lung tissue， and Masson staining was used to assess the degree of pulmonary fibrosis. Western blot and real-time quantitative PCR were performed to detect the protein and mRNA expression levels of epithelial-mesenchymal transition （EMT）-related markers [E-cadherin， N-cadherin， α -smooth muscle actin （ α -SMA）， Vimentin] and transcription factors [snail homolog 1（Drosophila）-like 1 protein （Snail1）， zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox protein 1 （ZEB1）， Twist-related protein 1 （Twist1）] in lung tissue. ELISA was used to detect the levels of transforming growth factor-β 1 （TGF-β 1 ） and vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） in blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.RESULTS Compared with the Control group， the lung tissues of rats in the Model group showed extensive destruction of alveolar structure and massive inflammatory cell infiltration in the interstitium. The protein and mRNA expression levels of E-cadherin were significantly decreased， while the protein and mRNA expression levels of N-cadherin， Vimentin， α -SMA， Snail1， ZEB1， and Twist1， as well as the collagen-positive area and the levels of TGF-β 1 and VEGF， were significantly increased （ P ＜0.05）. Compared with the Model group， the pathological injury of lung tissue in each administration group was significantly improved， and the above indicators （except collagen-positive area） were significantly reversed （ P ＜0.05）.CONCLUSIONS Yangfei tongluo formula may delay airway remodeling in PIBO by regulating the TGF-β 1 /VEGF-mediated signaling network and inhibiting the activation of EMT-related transcription factors， thereby blocking the EMT process.

Objective: To assess parental expectations for the development of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and identify factors associated with these expectations, so as to provide references for improving rehabilitation outcomes and long term development in children with ASD. Methods: From June 2024 to January 2026, a total of 877 children with ASD and their parents were recruited from 27 rehabilitation institutions in Hefei. The children had been diagnosed by chief physicians at tertiary level hospitals. Demographic characteristics and data on parental expectations were collected by the Parental Expectations Questionnaire. Differences in parental expectations between groups were assessed using the Mann-Whitney U- test and Kruskal-Wallis H-test, and associated factors were examined using quantile regression. Results: The mean item score for overall parental expectations among parents of children with ASD was (4.55±0.47), and scores for all dimensions were higher than those among parents of typically developing children ( t =11.11-31.14, all P <0.01). Child age, school enrollment, and maternal personality were associated with daily living expectation scores, learning and special talents and strengths expectation scores, and special talents and strengths expectation scores, respectively ( H =6.16-8.18, all P <0.05). Parents of preterm children had higher expectations for social interaction, physical and mental well being, and daily living than parents of non-preterm children ( Z =-2.56, -2.48, -2.39, all P <0.05). Multivariate quantile regression analysis showed that children’s age was associated with the expected level of self care ability; school enrollment status was associated with the expected level of learning and specialty strengths; maternal personality was associated with the expected levels of social competence, physical and mental health, self care ability, and specialty strengths; parental age was associated with the expected levels of physical and mental health and specialty strengths; and parental educational attainment was associated with the expected level of self care ability ( β =-0.36-0.41, all P <0.05). Conclusion Parents of children with ASD in Hefei generally have high expectations for their children s development across the domains of learning, daily living, social interaction, and physical and mental well being.

ObjectiveTo explore the possible mechanism of action of Bushen Huoxue Granules （补肾活血颗粒， BHG） in the treatment of Parkinson's disease （PD） through the Nrf2/NLRP3 inflammasome axis. MethodsA total of 84 male C57/BL 6 mice were randomly divided into blank group， model group， Madopar group， dimethyl fumarate group， and low-， medium， and high-dose BHG group， with 12 mice in each group. Except for the blank group， all groups were induced into PD models by intraperitoneal injection of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine （MPTP） at a concentration of 30 mg/ml for 7 consecutive days. The blank group received an equal volume of saline. After model establishment， the low-， medium， and high-dose BHG groups were treated with 1.5， 3， and 6 g/（kg·d） of the BHG by gavage， respectively. The Madopar group was given 0.113 g/（kg·d） of Madopar tablets by gavage， and the dimethyl fumarate group was given 50 mg/（kg·d） of dimethyl fumarate solution. The blank group and the model group were given 10 ml/（kg·d） of distilled water by gavage. Gavage was administered once daily for 14 days. Behavioral changes were evaluated using the open field test （total distance， central area distance， and average speed）， rotarod test （time on the rod）， and climbing pole test （climbing time）. Serum levels of interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， interleukin-18 （IL-18）， and myeloperoxidase （MPO） were measured by ELISA. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect tyrosine hydroxylase （TH） expression in the brain substantia nigra. Immunofluorescence was used to detect α-synuclein （α-syn） expression. Western Blot was used to detect Nrf2， NLRP3， Caspase-1， and α-syn protein levels in the brain substantia nigra. RT-PCR was used to detect mRNA expression levels of Nrf2， NLRP3， and Caspase-1 in the brain substantia nigra. ResultsCompared with the blank group， the model group showed decreased total distance， central area distance， and average speed， reduced time on the rotarod， prolonged climbing time， reduced TH expression， increased α-syn expression， decreased Nrf2 protein and mRNA expression， increased NLRP3 and Caspase-1 protein and mRNA expression， and elevated serum IL-1β， IL-18， and MPO levels （P＜0.05）. Compared with the model group， all drug interventions significantly improved the above indicators （P＜0.05）. There was no significant differences in all indicators between the high-dose BHG group and the Madopar group （P＞0.05）. Compared with the dimethyl fumarate group， the medium and high-dose BHG groups showed increased Nrf2 mRNA expression in the brain substantia nigra （P＜0.05）. Compared with the high-dose BHG group， the low-dose group showed decreased total distance， central area distance， and average speed， reduced serum IL-18 levels， decreased α-syn， Nrf2， NLRP3， and Caspase-1 protein levels， and lower Nrf2 mRNA expression （P＜0.05）. ConclusionThe mechanism by which BHG treat PD may involve activating the Nrf2/NLRP3 inflammasome axis in the brain substantia nigra， thereby reducing neuroinflammation and α-syn aggregation. The high-dose group showed the best effects.

ObjectiveTo study the characteristics of the five tones of Parkinson's disease （PD） patients based on the theory of "five-viscera phonology"， and provide references for the syndrome differentiation and treatment of PD. MethodsA total of 272 cases of PD patients were collected as the PD group， and 240 individuals， including patient family members and hospital staff， were recruited as the control group. The 25-tone analyzer was used to collect the five-tone characteristics of both PD patients and control group participants. The participants were then stratified into three age groups， 41~55， 56~70， and 71~85 years old， and categorized by gender （male and female） for analysis. The frequency and composition ratio of the five tones were analyzed for both groups across the different age ranges and genders. Additionally， the average voice frequency of each participant was calculated to compare differences between groups， stratified by age range and gender. ResultsIn the 41~55 and 56~70 age groups， male participants in the PD group and the control group exhibited the highest frequency of Yu （羽） tone， with the PD group showing a significantly higher composition ratio of Yu tone compared to the control group （P＜0.05）； for males in the 56~70 age group， the composition ratios of Shang （商） and Zhi （徵） tone in the PD group were lower than those in the control group （P＜0.05）. For males in the 71~85 age group， both the PD group and the control group had the highest frequency of Yu tone， but there was no statistically significant difference in the composition ratios of the five tones between groups （P＞0.05）. For female participants in the PD group across all age groups， Yu tone was the most frequent， whereas for the control group， Jue （角） tone was the most frequent in all age groups， and the composition ratio of Yu tone in the PD group was significantly higher than that in the control group across all age groups （P＜0.05）； in the 56~70 age group， the composition ratio of Jue tone was lower in the PD group compared to that in the control group （P＜0.05）. Regarding voice frequency， males in the PD group aged 41~55 and 56~70 had higher voice frequency than those in the control group of the same age range， and similarly， females in the PD group aged 56~70 and 71~85 had higher voice frequency than their counterparts in the control group （P＜0.05）. ConclusionPD patients have a voice with a higher frequency and an increased proportion of Yu tone in their five-tone distribution. According to the theory of five-viscera phonology， PD patients may have disease mechanism of kidney essence deficiency.

Osteopontin (OPN) is a secreted extracellular matrix glycoprotein that exists in body fluids and mediates multiple biological functions. The expression of OPN is particularly critical and active after ischemic stroke, and has dual significance for the body. The rapid increase of OPN has certain protective effects on the body, such as anti-inflammatory and promoting wound healing; if the rate of increase is relatively slower, it will have adverse effects on the body, such as promoting thrombosis and inducing inflammatory reactions. This article reviews the research progress of OPN in ischemic stroke.