Objective To explore the potential molecular mechanism of Sangma Xingbei Tang （SMXBT） in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （AECOPD）. Methods TCMSP and TCMID databases were searched for the active ingredients of SMXBT, the targets of the active ingredients were predicted by SwissTargetPrediction database, and the AECOPD-related targets were searched by GeneCards and OMIM databases; the drug-active ingredient-target network and protein interaction network were constructed, and the GO enrichment and KEGG pathway enrichment were analyzed by the DAVID database. The drug-active ingredient-target network and protein interaction network were constructed, and the GO enrichment and KEGG pathway enrichment were analyzed by DAVID database, and molecular docking was performed by AutoDock Tools software. Animal experiments were conducted for validation. Results 192 active ingredients were obtained and 1066 targets were predicted in SMXBT. Network analysis showed that the top 3 active ingredients in SMXBT were quercetin, kaempferol, and glycyrrhizin, and the top 3 therapeutic targets were TNF, ALB, and IL-1β, etc. The GO analysis and KEGG showed that the main pathways were the cancer pathway, the MAPK signaling pathway, and the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Molecular docking showed that the binding energies of glycyrrhizin and AKT1, IL-1β, GFR, SRC, and quercetin and kaempferol and IL-1β were all <−5 kcal·mol. Animal experiments showed that Sangma Xingbei Decoction could treat AECOPD by anti-inflammatory effects and reduce changes in lung tissue structure. Additionally, it could lower the serum inflammatory levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8. Conclusion SMXBT may act on the targets of AKT1, IL-1β, EGFR, SRC, etc., reduce the serum inflammation levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, and improve the lung tissue structure and inflammatory response to achieve the therapeutic effect on AECOPD through the modulation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, the MAPK signaling pathway, the cancer pathway, and other pathways of action.

Objective: To investigate the current knowledge status of transfusion medicine among pediatricians/postgraduates and the reliability of large language models (LLMs) for assisted learning, and to assess changes in pediatricians' transfusion medicine knowledge before and after the implementation of the "Pediatric Transfusion Guideline" (hereafter referred to as the "Guideline"). Methods: In January 2022 (prior to the implementation of the "Guideline"), a questionnaire was developed based on the "Guideline" content and distributed to pediatricians. Subsequently, in July 2025 (after the implementation of the "Guideline"), the "Pediatric Transfusion Medicine Knowledge Questionnaire" was designed based on the content of the January 2022 questionnaire. This questionnaire survey was conducted on pediatricians/postgraduates and LLMs. We analyzed the level of transfusion medicine knowledge among pediatricians/postgraduates and the reliability of LLMs for assisted learning, and compared the accuracy of pediatricians' responses before and after "Guideline" implementation. Results: The survey results after the implementation of the "Guidelines" revealed that pediatricians/postgraduates achieved response accuracy rates exceeding 80% on the topic of "Patient Blood Management". However, response accuracy rates were below 30% for topics including "Types and Indications of Blood Components/Products" and "E-valuation of Transfusion Efficacy". The pediatricians' accuracy rates for related questions before and after the implementation of the "Guidelines" were 14.7%-68.9% and 3%-38%, respectively, and the comparison of accuracy rates for each question showed significant differences (P<0.001). The accuracy rates of the LLMs on the questionnaire were all below 90%. Among them, Doubao (81.1%) and Kimi (86.4%) achieved relatively higher accuracy rates, while Tencent Yuanbao (Hunyuan) had the lowest accuracy rate at only 59.5%. Conclusion: The implementation of the "Guideline" may have improved pediatricians' knowledge level of pediatric transfusion medicine. However, their knowledge level of pediatric transfusion remains low, and LLMs cannot yet provide absolutely reliable guidance. Systematic training in pediatric transfusion medicine is urgently needed.

Objective To explore the prevalence of depressive symptoms in postoperative patients with ovarian cancer and to analyze its influencing factors from multiple dimensions, including clinical characteristics, psychological factors, and laboratory indicators. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted, which enrolled 235 postoperative patients with ovarian cancer. Depressive status was assessed using the patient health questionnaire, and the demographic, pathological, and medical record data of the patients were collected using the generalized anxiety disorder scale, Pittsburgh sleep quality index, European organization for research and treatment of cancer quality of life questionnaire core 30, and ECOG performance status score. Peripheral blood tumor marker (CA125), routine blood test, lymphocyte subsets, and serum cytokine levels were measured. Univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analysis were used for statistical analysis. Results The prevalence of depression in postoperative patients with ovarian cancer was 39.15% (92/235). Univariate analysis showed that ECOG score ≥ 2 points, pain, anxiety, poor sleep quality, low quality of life, low life satisfaction, tumor recurrence, six or more cycles of chemotherapy, as well as higher levels of CA125, NLR, and NAR, and lower hemoglobin levels were significantly associated with depression (all P<0.05). Multivariate binary Logistic regression analysis showed that anxiety (OR=1.975, 95%CI: 1.231-3.170), sleep efficiency (OR=4.181, 95%CI: 1.211-14.43), sleep latency (OR=34.806, 95%CI: 4.258-284.542), ECOG performance status score, cognitive function (OR=0.918, 95%CI: 0.868-0.97), and life satisfaction were independent risk factors for depression (all P<0.05). Laboratory indicators were not independent influencing factors in the multivariate Logistic regression model. Conclusion Depression in postoperative patients with ovarian cancer is influenced by physiological, psychological, and social factors. Clinical management should focus on patients with anxiety, sleep disorders, poor physical condition, and low life satisfaction, and a comprehensive prevention and treatment strategy centered on psychological intervention and taking into account symptom management and social support should be implemented.

Objective To establish a standardized quality criterion for the formula of the Liuwei Runfu oil recipe. Methods The qualitative identification of the components, such as Cannabis sativa, Ligusticum chuanxiong, Angelica sinensis, Coix lacryma-jobi, and Glycyrrhiza uralensis, was conducted by thin layer chromatography （TLC）. The concentration of Senkyunolide A, ligustilide, and linoleic acid was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. Results The TLC identification results demonstrated excellent differentiation and high selectivity, without any disruption from the negative samples. The reference standard for Senkyunolide A exhibited excellent linearity in the range of 25 to 300 µg （r=0.9999）, with an average recovery rate of 102.3% and a relative standard deviation （RSD） of 2.3%. The ligustilide reference standard exhibited strong linearity between the concentrations of 0.6875 and 8.25 µg （r=0.9993）, with an average recovery rate of 100.1% and a relative standard deviation （RSD） of 2.8%. The linoleic acid reference standard demonstrated strong linear correlation within the range of 2.8125 to 33.75 µg （r=0.9990）, with an average spiking recovery rate of 102.7% and a relative standard deviation （RSD） of 1.7%. Conclusion The established method with strong specificity was simple，accurate，reliable，which coulod provide a reference for the quality control of the Liuwei Runfu oil recipe.

To guide transfusion practice in critically ill children who often need plasma and platelet transfusions, the Transfusion and Anemia Expertise Initiative-Control/Avoidance of Bleeding (TAXI-CAB) developed Recommendations and Expert Consensus for Plasma and Platelet Transfusion Practice in Critically Ill Children. This guideline addresses 53 recommendations related to plasma and platelet transfusion in critically ill children with 8 kinds of diseases, laboratory testing, selection/treatment of plasma and platelet components, and research priorities. This paper introduces the specific methods and results of the recommendation formation of the guideline.

Chemotherapy remains a primary treatment option for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), yet its clinical benefits are often unsatisfactory. Utilizing arsenic trioxide (ATO) as a model, this study elucidates the role of autophagy inhibition in modulating the cellular response to chemotherapy, shifting cell death from apoptosis to pyroptosis via the caspase-3-GSDME pathway, thereby augmenting the anti-tumor efficacy. Building upon these findings, an ATO nanomedicine delivery system capable of autophagy inhibition to promote pyroptosis for enhanced tumor treatment was developed. Folic acid-modified albumin served as the stabilizer for nano self-assemblies formed through ion pairing between Mn²⁺ and ATO, encapsulating DNAzyme (Dz) targeting Beclin 1, a key autophagy regulator. Characterization studies confirmed efficient encapsulation of ATO and Dz within nanoparticles, designed to disintegrate in the intracellular microenvironment, releasing the all-active components, i.e., ATO, Mn²⁺, and Dz. Mn²⁺ acted as a metal cofactor to activate Dz for Beclin 1 mRNA cleavage, inhibiting autophagy and augmenting ATO-induced cell pyroptosis. Elevated cell pyroptosis levels not only enhance ATO's direct tumor cell killing capacity but also trigger anti-tumor immune responses, synergistically enhancing efficacy. Upon intravenous injection, the nanomedicine accumulated in tumor tissue and targeted liver cancer cells. Compared to free ATO, the nanomedicine exhibited significantly improved in vivo anti-tumor effects, achieving a 100% 45-day survival rate in mice with favorable biosafety profiles. This study offers novel insights into tumor chemotherapy sensitization and presents a promising strategy for ATO nanoformulation development.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the role of nucleolar pre-rRNA processing protein NIP7 (NIP7) in maintaining the malignant phenotype of anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) and its molecular mechanisms. METHODS: NIP7 expression in ATC tissues and its gene knock-out effects in ATC cells were analyzed using gene expression microarray (GSE33630), proteome database (IPX0008941000) and the Dependency Map database, respectively. Expression and localization of NIP7 in normal thyroid cells, papillary thyroid cancer cells, and ATC cells were detected by Western blotting. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) was transfected into ATC cells, and the knockdown efficiency of NIP7 was detected by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting. Cell proliferation was assessed by CCK-8 assay, colony formation was evaluated by colony formation assay, and tumor growth was assessed by xenograft tumor model in nude mice. SUnSET (surface sensing of translation) assay combined with co-immunoprecipitation were employed to evaluate the effect of NIP7 silencing on ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 C (UBE2C) translation. Finally, gene set enrichment analysis was used to identify shared pathways of NIP7 and UBE2C, which were validated by qRT-PCR. RESULTS: Compared with normal tissues and papillary thyroid cancer, NIP7 was significantly upregulated in ATC tissues, and had a gene knock-out fitness effect on different ATC cell lines. The relative protein levels of NIP7 in ATC cells were significantly higher than those in normal thyroid follicular cells, and the protein was mainly expressed in the nucleus. NIP7 silencing significantly inhibited cell proliferation and reduced colony formation. Xenograft tumor model showed that NIP7 knockdown significantly slowed down the growth of ATC xenograft, and the tumor volume and weight were significantly lower than those in the control group (all P<0.05). NIP7 silencing downregulated the protein level of UBE2C, but did not affect the expression of UBE2C mRNA. Compared to the control group, UBE2C silencing significantly inhibited ATC cells proliferation (P<0.01) and colony formation (P<0.05). UBE2C overexpression reversed the proliferation-inhibitory effect induced by NIP7 silencing (P<0.01). Gene set enrichment analysis indicated that NIP7 and UBE2C were both involved in DNA replication. NIP7 or UBE2C silencing could significantly downregulate the expression levels of DNA polymerase epsilon, catalytic subunit 2 and replication factor C4 in DNA replication pathway. CONCLUSIONS NIP7 promotes ATC tumor growth by upregulating UBE2C to mediate DNA replication.
Humans ; Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzymes/genetics* ; Thyroid Neoplasms/genetics* ; Thyroid Carcinoma, Anaplastic/genetics* ; Animals ; Mice, Nude ; Mice ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Up-Regulation ; RNA, Small Interfering/genetics* ; Nuclear Proteins/metabolism* ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic

Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) is an opportunistic pulmonary infection that commonly occurs in immunocompromised children. We report a case of infantile leukemia complicated by PJP and review the relevant literature. A summary and analysis of 10 infantile leukemia patients with PJP infection (9 cases reported in the literature and 1 case from our center) showed that PJP mostly occurred in the early stages of chemotherapy (80%, 8/10). The main clinical manifestations were dyspnea (100%, 10/10) and hypoxemia (50%, 5/10), while pulmonary imaging findings lacked specificity. In most cases (50%, 5/10), diagnosis was established by identifying pathogens in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid under microscopy. In our case, diagnosis was confirmed using targeted next-generation sequencing (tNGS) of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Treatment with intravenous sulfamethoxazole complex was administered in 8 patients, all of whom eventually recovered. PJP may occur in the early stages of chemotherapy for infantile leukemia, thus early prevention is necessary. tNGS facilitates early diagnosis of PJP, and sulfamethoxazole complex remains an effective therapeutic option.
Humans ; Infant ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid/microbiology* ; Immunocompromised Host ; Leukemia/complications* ; Pneumocystis carinii/isolation & purification* ; Pneumonia, Pneumocystis/diagnosis* ; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination/therapeutic use*

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.07.004.].

ObjectiveTo explore the characteristics of ecological niche and interspecific relationships of mosquitoes in different habitats in Dongcheng District, Beijing, and to provide a basis for mosquito ecological monitoring, control and the development or optimization of prevention and control strategies for related mosquito-borne diseases. MethodsFrom May to October 2023, the ecological monitoring in residential areas, parks, tourist attractions and medical institutions in Dongcheng District of Beijing was carried out using the carbon dioxide (CO₂) mosquito trapping method, and the ecological niche characteristics and interspecific relationships of mosquitoes in different habitats were analyzed using Levins ecological niche breadth index, Pinaka ecological niche overlap index and ecological niche similarity coefficients. ResultsThe temporal ecological niche of Culex pipiens pallens (10.62) was higher than that of Aedes albopictus (8.29) in different habitats in Dongcheng District of Beijing, and the temporal ecological niche overlap index of the two mosquitoes was as high as 0.87. The ecological niche breadth of Culex pipiens pallens was higher than that of Aedes albopictus in different monitoring habitats, and the order of the ecological niche breadth of Culex pipiens pallens in different monitoring habitats was, from high to low, as follows: residential areas (11.09) > tourist attractions (10.25) > medical institutions (9.15) > parks (9.07), while the ecological niche breadth of Aedes albopictus in different habitats was, in descending order, residential areas (8.56) > medical institutions (7.68) > parks (7.44) > tourist attractions (5.73). The results of niche overlap analysis showed that the overlap index between Culex pipiens pallens and Aedes albopictus was the largest in residential areas (0.86), as for in other habitats, which was, in descending order, parks (0.81) > medical institutions (0.68) > tourist attractions (0.60). Besides, the ecological similarity coefficients further verified that similarity coefficients, between the two mosquito species, were highest in residential areas (0.712), lowest in tourist attractions (0.497), and which were 0.675 in parks and 0.598 in medical institutions, respectively. ConclusionIn different monitoring habitats in Dongcheng District of Beijing, Culex albopictus pallens demonstrates a stronger spatio-temporal resource utilization ability than Aedes albopictus, and the two species exhibit more similar spatio-temporal resource utilization patterns in residential areas. Corresponding control strategies targeting the characteristics of ecological niches and interspecific relationships of these two mosquito species in different habitats should be developed to enhance the prevention and control effect.