This study was aimed at understanding the Babesia species makeup and distribution in small mammals in Jinsha River Basin of Yunnan Province,and the Babesia carriage status in small mammals in this area,to provide a scientific basis for the preven-tion and control of Babesia disease.A total of 1 493 small mammals belonging to 5 orders,10 families,25 genera,and 54 species were captured from 10 counties(cities)in the Jinsha River Basin of Yunnan Province in various agricultural and forest environments.DNA was extracted from liver and tick tissues,and 150 bp fragments of Babesia 18S rRNA were detected through molecular biological methods.The positive samples showed amplification of a 1 600 bp target fragment of 18S rRNA.Species characteristics were assessed through sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis.A total of 14 small mammals infected with Babesia were detected in six coun-ties(cities)of Jinsha River Basin,Yunnan Province,with a positivity rate of 0.93%(14/1 493).The Otsu and Kobe types of Babesia voles were analyzed,and their sequences were compared with the sequences from human Babesia cases with high similarity and close evolutionary relationships.The positivity rates were 2.34%(3/128)in Qiaojia County,2.06%(2/97)in Yongshan County,1.88%(4/213)in Yuanmou County,1.03%(3/291)in Deqin County,0.95%(1/105)in Shangri-La City,and 0.78%(1/128)in Shuifu County.The positive small mammals belonged to one order,two families,six genera,and the following eight species:P.leucurus 5.56%(1/18),R.brunneusculus 3.36%(4/119),M.minutus 3.33%(1/30),E.custos 2.94%(1/34),N.confucianus 2.65%(3/113),N.fulvescens 2.35%(2/85),A.latronum 1.16%(1/86),and A.draco 0.98%(1/102).The detection of Babesia in M.minutus was re-poorted first time.Small animals infected with Babesia were detected in all three habitats and altitudes,and higher infection rates were observed in forest regions between 1 500 and 2 500 meters and high-altitude residential areas.Babesia infection was found in many small mammals in several counties(cities)along Jinsha River in Yunnan Province,and the epidemic status of Babesia in these areas warrants attention.

This study was aimed at understanding the Babesia species makeup and distribution in small mammals in Jinsha River Basin of Yunnan Province,and the Babesia carriage status in small mammals in this area,to provide a scientific basis for the preven-tion and control of Babesia disease.A total of 1 493 small mammals belonging to 5 orders,10 families,25 genera,and 54 species were captured from 10 counties(cities)in the Jinsha River Basin of Yunnan Province in various agricultural and forest environments.DNA was extracted from liver and tick tissues,and 150 bp fragments of Babesia 18S rRNA were detected through molecular biological methods.The positive samples showed amplification of a 1 600 bp target fragment of 18S rRNA.Species characteristics were assessed through sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis.A total of 14 small mammals infected with Babesia were detected in six coun-ties(cities)of Jinsha River Basin,Yunnan Province,with a positivity rate of 0.93%(14/1 493).The Otsu and Kobe types of Babesia voles were analyzed,and their sequences were compared with the sequences from human Babesia cases with high similarity and close evolutionary relationships.The positivity rates were 2.34%(3/128)in Qiaojia County,2.06%(2/97)in Yongshan County,1.88%(4/213)in Yuanmou County,1.03%(3/291)in Deqin County,0.95%(1/105)in Shangri-La City,and 0.78%(1/128)in Shuifu County.The positive small mammals belonged to one order,two families,six genera,and the following eight species:P.leucurus 5.56%(1/18),R.brunneusculus 3.36%(4/119),M.minutus 3.33%(1/30),E.custos 2.94%(1/34),N.confucianus 2.65%(3/113),N.fulvescens 2.35%(2/85),A.latronum 1.16%(1/86),and A.draco 0.98%(1/102).The detection of Babesia in M.minutus was re-poorted first time.Small animals infected with Babesia were detected in all three habitats and altitudes,and higher infection rates were observed in forest regions between 1 500 and 2 500 meters and high-altitude residential areas.Babesia infection was found in many small mammals in several counties(cities)along Jinsha River in Yunnan Province,and the epidemic status of Babesia in these areas warrants attention.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of coronary renal shunt via splenic vein for portal hypertension (PHT) after splenectomy.Methods The retrospective descriptive study was adopted.The clinical data of 5 patients with PHT who were admitted to the People's Hospital of Ningxia Autonomous Region from August 2012 to April 2015 were collected.Operative procedures:two procedures of coronary renal shunt via splenic vein (SV) were carried out after primary splenectomy.Procedure 1:the SV was freed from the residual end to the right for 5-6 cm in length and end-to-side spleno-renal shunt was carried out.The anterior wall of superior mesenteric vein (SMV) was exposed beneath the pancreatic neck and dissected behind the neck upward until the upper edge of the SV and its confluence with the left gastric vein (LGV) were exposed.The SV was ligated with clip between portal vein (PV) and LGV to let blood flow from LGV drain through the whole course of SV to left renal vein (LRV).Procedure 2:the peritoneum at the inferior border of the pancreas was incised,and the junctions of the SV and SMV and junctions of the SV and LGV were exposed.The inferior mesenteric vein (IMV) was divided between ligations.Dissection of the SV was carried out to the left for 3-4 cm in length and was divided.Its distal end was tied and proximal stump anastomosed to LRV by the end-to-side anastomosis.The SV was ligated with clip between PV and LGV.The right gastric and gastroepiploic vessels were ligated at the junction of the antrum and the body,and from this point,the hepatogastric ligment and the omentum were divided upward and downward respectively to completely separate the venous flow between the hepatointestinal area and the stomach in the two procedures.Patients took oral enteric-coated aspirin and warfarin after operation.(1) Intraoperative observation indicators included surgical procedures,operation time,volume of blood loos and free portal pressure (FPP).(2) Postoperative observation indicators included recovery of patients,time to anal exsufflation,time for diet intake,time of abdominal drainage,duration of hospital stay and occurrence of complications.(3)The follow-up using telephone interview and outpatient examination was performed to detect the changes of platelet (PLT),portal vein thrombosis (PVT),patency of spleno-renal vein anastomosis,oral anticoagulants and gastroesophageal varices up to October 2015.Measurement data with skewed distribution were analyzed by M (range).Results (1)Intraoperative observation indicators:5 patients underwent successful coronary renal shunt via splenic vein.Two patients received procedure 1 and 3 patients received procedure 2.Operation time and volume of blood loss were 226 minutes (range,195-298 minutes) and 425ml (range,235-820 mL).FPP was 3.46 kPa (range,2.69-4.61 kPa) before spleen resection,2.69 kPa (range,2.11-3.07 kPa) after spleen resection,2.98 kPa (range,2.30-3.36 kPa) after spleno-renal anastomosis,respectively.(2) Postoperative observation indicators:5 patients had good recovery,and time to anal exsufflation,time for fluid diet intake,time of abdominal drainage removal and duration of hospital stay were respectively 3 days (range,2-4 days),3 days (range,2-4 days),5 days (range,4-9 days) and 14 days (range,10-17 days).Of 5 patients,1 was complicated with pleural effusion and atelectasis and 1 with serum tumescence of incision.(3) Follow-up situations:5 patients were followed up for a median time of 18 months (range,6-36 months).The level of postoperative PLT was continuously growing,and the dose of oral warfarin was increased according to the level of growing PLT.The follow-up results of procedure 1 in 2 patients:1 patient was followed up for 36 months and complicated with splenic vein thrombosis at postoperative month 6,and underwent transcatheter hepatic arterial chemoembolization (TACE) due to primary liver cancer at postoperative month 12,and then no special treatment was conducted due to splenic vein occlusion and sever esophageal varices without red-color sign or bleeding at postoperative month 36.The other patient was followed up for 24 months,and didn't undergo special treatment due to mild hepatic encephalopathy with a level of blood ammonia of 76 μmol/L at postoperative month 3,and then was found to have mild esophageal varices at postoperative month 18 by computed tomography (CT) and gastroscopy.Three patients using procedure 2 were followed up at month 6,12,18,with increased body mass index (BMI) and without occurrence of peritoneal effusion and hepatic encephalopathy,and they were complicated with mild gastroesophageal varices by reexamination of CT angiography and gastroscopy at postoperative month 6.Conclusion Coronary renal shunt via splenic vein for PHT after splenectomy could relieve hypersplenism and reduce selectively vein decompression of gastroesophageal varices.

Objective To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of sacral nerve dysfunction syndrome.Methods Accepted 44 cases of sacral nerve disorder syndrome from Oct.2010 to Oct.2012 in the Department General Surgery of Xiangyang Central Hospital,the diagnosis and treatment of sacral nerve dysfunction syndrome were retrospectively analyzed.Results All 44 patients in this group were founded been with lumbar protrusion of the intervertebral disc,the incidence of waist 4-5 or/and sacral 1 intervertebral disc herniation was 100％.Twentyone patients were complicated with vertebral degenerative changes,6 cases with spinal arachnoid cyst.metastatic cancer without treatment in 1 case was exception,13 cases were boarded during sleeping,12 cases were given dehydration treatment with mannitol,15 cases were given therapy of sacral canal nerve block,3 cases were treated by operation.All of these treatment were proved effective.Conclusion Some certain curative effect was obtained through the local physical therapy,systemic dehydration treatment,local nerve block treatment and opertion treatment.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of anastomate in treatment of rectal lesion. Methods The anastomate was used to resect space occupying lesion which was 5~12cm from anal.Then thwe operation procedure,operation time, recurrence complications and correlated problems were summarized.Results The average operation time was 34 minutes. Exceot for one case of anastomtic bleeding and one case of recurrence 14 months post operation.there were No other complications.Conclusions Stapling-resecting the rectal lesion was feasible,but some problems were solved from the design of anastomate.

A special medical device for the treatment of congenital megacolon is designed.This device is made of avirulent and high-intensity plastics.The resultant which formed by up and down curve arm detained lateral anus can spur the up and down leaf of the ring clamp device.Under the continuous pressurized condition,it can clamp the rectum and the downward pull-through colon,then the colon becames necrosis,so that the aim of confluence is achieved.This device is disposable.