Pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis is a rare disease characterized by the abnormal proliferation of pulmonary lymphatic smooth muscle cells. It is common in women and often accompanied by recurrent pneumothorax, chylothorax and progressive dyspnea, imaging characterized by diffuse cystic lesions in both lungs. Pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis progresses aggressively and has a very poor prognosis, with a lack of effective medical treatment options in the advanced stages. Lung transplantation is a safe and effective method for the treatment of advanced pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis, which may significantly improve the survival rate and quality of life of patients. The median survival period after surgery can reach 12 years. This article reviews the pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment of pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis, and the current status and existing problems of lung transplantation in pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis, aiming to provide a reference for the clinical treatment and subsequent research of pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Objective:The objective of this study is to sequence whole genome of the rabies virus in the saliva specimen of a suspected rabies case with onset of rabies from a wildlife (hog badger) bite wound in Sichuan province, where the genetic variation characteristics of the virus was analyzed at the molecular level, so as to understand the prevalence and mutation of wildlife rabies virus in Sichuan province.Methods:Total viral RNA was extracted from the saliva specimen of the suspected rabies case. Then, rabies virus sequences were amplified using PCR with specific primers; the gene fragments obtained were sequenced, and the sequences obtained were spliced using biological software to obtain the whole genome sequence of the rabies virus strain. The genetic variation characteristics of the whole genome were analyzed.Results:The whole genome nucleotide sequence of a strain of rabies virus of hog badger origin (hereinafter referred to as SCR23-052) was obtained by sequencing, and NCBI online BLAST and comparison with several reference sequences showed that the composition and structure of the whole genome sequence of SCR23-052 conformed to the characteristics of the Lyssavirus under the Rhabdoviridae; the highest similarity in nucleotide and amino acid sequences in various gene regions was observed between SCR23-052 and the strains of Ningxia (J) and Chongqing (CQ92, 02050CHI). The sequence variability of SCR23-052 genome was significantly lower at the amino acid level than that at the nucleotide level, which indicated that most of the nucleotide variants in the protein-coding genes belonged to synonymous mutations. Phylogenetic analysis showed that SCR23-052 belonged to genotype V, which did not show any obvious mutation in the major antigenic site of the glycoprotein, underwent amino acid glycosylation at positions 56 and 338 by the online site prediction, and showed the least amino acid difference compared with the signal peptide sequence of the vaccine strain CTN181. The virus in this study has an A→T mutation at position 332 in the nucleoprotein major antigenic site with all reference vaccine strains, and an L→V mutation at position 379 in the B-cell epitope with the CTN181 vaccine strain. SCR23-052 was consistent with both genotype V reference strains at the nucleoprotein study site.Conclusions:The whole genome sequence of a wildlife strain of genotype V rabies virus of hog badger origin was obtained, which was different from that of the genotype I strain of rabies virus of dog origin that previously reported to be prevalent in Sichuan. The genome sequence of SCR23-052 differed from that of the reference vaccine strains to a varying degree, but the main virulence characteristics remained unaltered.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of high resolution vascular wall imaging(HRVWI)in the diagnosis and treatment of central nervous system vasculitis(CNSV)in children.Methods A total of 36 children with CNSV underwent HRVWI examination were selected.The HRVWI imaging features,involved vessel types and stenosis degree were analyzed retrospectively and compared with magnetic resonance angiography(MRA).Combined with some patients'follow-up and reviewed imaging after treatment.Results HRVWI showed that all of the 36 children with CNSV had cerebral arteritis,and the affected inflammatory ves-sels showed varying degrees of focal arterial wall thickening and enhancement,mainly uniform thickening and centripetal enhance-ment of the affected arterial wall.Most were mid-enhanced,and the stenosis degree was mostly at level 1(21/36).According to the type of involvement cerebrovascular,there were 26 cases of large-medium vessel type,6 cases of small vessel type and 4 cases of mixed type.Compared with MRA,HRVWI had a higher sensitivity in diagnosing CNSV(P＜0.05).13 cases were followed up after treat-ment,and HRVWI showed cerebral vasculitis relief in 8 cases and progression in 5 cases,consistent with changes in clinical symp-toms and laboratory indicators.Conclusion The imaging features of CNSV in children with different causes are different.HRVWI has a high sensitivity in the diagnosis of CNSV in children.HRVWI plays an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of CNSV in children.

Objective:To detect and study the genetic evolution and biological characteristics of the first imported Zika virus (ZIKV) in a suspected case from Singapore to Sichuan Tianfu airport for inbound transfer on June 28, 2024, and so to provide reference for prevention and control of ZIKV disease.Methods:Serum sample was collected from the inbound transfer passenger, we detected ZIKV RNA using real-time RT-PCR method. The whole genome sequence was obtained through target next-generation sequencing (tNGS). CLC Genomics Workbench software was used for sequence analysis and splicing, and MEGA 7.0 software was used for phylogenetic tree construction.Results:Real-time RT-PCR result showed that the serum sample was positive. The phylogenetic tree which was constructed based on the whole genome sequence of ZIKV indicated the Sichuan strain was located on Asian lineage. Gene homology analysis showed that the homology between Sichuan strain and Asian, African strains ranged from 84.4%-98.6%. The Sichuan strain showed unique molecular features of 139S, 982V and 2634M.Conclusions:The ZIKV strain in Sichuan inbound transfer passenger in June 2024 belongs to the Asian lineage, which agrees with the epidemiological investigation outcome.

Objective:To detect and study the genetic evolution and biological characteristics of the first imported Zika virus (ZIKV) in a suspected case from Singapore to Sichuan Tianfu airport for inbound transfer on June 28, 2024, and so to provide reference for prevention and control of ZIKV disease.Methods:Serum sample was collected from the inbound transfer passenger, we detected ZIKV RNA using real-time RT-PCR method. The whole genome sequence was obtained through target next-generation sequencing (tNGS). CLC Genomics Workbench software was used for sequence analysis and splicing, and MEGA 7.0 software was used for phylogenetic tree construction.Results:Real-time RT-PCR result showed that the serum sample was positive. The phylogenetic tree which was constructed based on the whole genome sequence of ZIKV indicated the Sichuan strain was located on Asian lineage. Gene homology analysis showed that the homology between Sichuan strain and Asian, African strains ranged from 84.4%-98.6%. The Sichuan strain showed unique molecular features of 139S, 982V and 2634M.Conclusions:The ZIKV strain in Sichuan inbound transfer passenger in June 2024 belongs to the Asian lineage, which agrees with the epidemiological investigation outcome.

Objective:To investigate the correlation and predictive value of fibrinogen-to-albumin ratio (FAR) and clinical outcomes after intravenous thrombolysis in patients with acute ischemic stroke.Methods:Patients with acute ischemic stroke received intravenous thrombolysis treatment at Fuyang People's Hospital from November 2019 to August 2022 were retrospectively included. Their clinical, imaging, and laboratory data were collected. After 3 months of onset, a modified Rankin Scale was used for clinical outcome evaluation and a score >2 were defined as poor outcome. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the correlation between FAR and poor outcome. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the predictive value of FAR on adverse outcomes after intravenous thrombolysis in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Results:A total of 162 patients were included. There were 114 patients (70.4%) in the good outcome group and 48 (29.6%) in the poor outcome group. Univariate analysis showed that the baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, fasting blood glucose, fibrinogen, and FAR in the poor outcome group were significantly higher than those in the good outcome group, while the serum albumin was significantly lower than that of the good outcome group (all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the baseline NIHSS score (odds ratio [ OR] 1.176, 95% confidence interval [ CI] 1.082-1.227; P<0.001), fasting blood glucose ( OR 1.206, 95% CI 1.018-1.430; P=0.030), and FAR ( OR 1.448, 95% CI 1.449-1.824; P=0.002) were the independent risk factors for poor outcome. The ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve of FAR for predicting poor outcomes was 0.706 (95% CI 0.616-0.796). When the FAR cutoff value was 8.06, the sensitivity and specificity were 66.7% and 78.2%, respectively. Conclusion:There is a significant correlation between FAR and outcomes after intravenous thrombolysis therapy in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Higher FAR has certain predictive value for poor outcomes of patients.