OBJECTIVE To investigate the in vitro activity of Chansu injection against SARS-CoV-2 infection and determine whether bufalin is the primary active component responsible for its efficacy.METHODS The half-maximal effective concentration(EC50)of Chansu injection and bufalin against SARS-CoV-2 infection was determined using the CellTiter-Glo cell viability assay.qPCR was performed to assess the effects of Chansu injection and bufalin on mRNA levels of SARS-CoV-2 NP protein,inflammatory factors,and interferons in virus-infected cells.A cell-cell membrane fusion model was established,and the impact of the drugs on membrane fusion between HEK-293T and HEK-293T-ACE2 cells was evaluated using a luciferase reporter gene assay.RESULTS Chansu injection exhibited anti-SARS-CoV-2 virus infection activity,with an EC50 of 85.56 ng·mL-1.Chansu injec-tion significantly reduced the mRNA levels of viral NP protein(P<0.05),IFN-λ2/3(P<0.05),ISG-15 and RIG-I(P<0.000 1)in SARS-CoV-2 infected Calu-3 cells,and the mRNA levels of inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly reduced(P<0.000 1).The EC50 of bufalin in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 virus-infected cells was 13.3 nmol·L-1,which might be the main active component of Chansu injection in resisting SARS-CoV-2 virus-infected cells.Chansu injection could significantly inhibit the cell membrane fusion mediated by the S protein of SARS-CoV-2 virus,thereby blocking the virus invasion.CONCLUSION Chansu injection demonstrates in vitro anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity by suppressing NP protein expression,reducing inflammatory cytokine lev-els,and blocking viral entry through membrane fusion inhibition.Bufalin is likely the key active component responsible for its anti-SARS-CoV-2 effects.

HDAC7, a member of class IIa HDACs, plays a pivotal regulatory role in tumor, immune, fibrosis, and angiogenesis, rendering it a potential therapeutic target. Nevertheless, due to the high similarity in the enzyme active sites of class IIa HDACs, inhibitors encounter challenges in discerning differences among them. Furthermore, the substitution of key residue in the active pocket of class IIa HDACs renders them pseudo-enzymes, leading to a limited impact of enzymatic inhibitors on their function. In this study, proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) technology was employed to develop HDAC7 drugs. We developed an exceedingly selective HDAC7 PROTAC degrader B14 which showcased superior inhibitory effects on cell proliferation compared to TMP269 in various diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. Subsequent investigations unveiled that B14 disrupts BCL6 forming a transcriptional inhibition complex by degrading HDAC7, thereby exerting proliferative inhibition in DLBCL. Our study broadened the understanding of the non-enzymatic functions of HDAC7 and underscored the importance of HDAC7 in the treatment of hematologic malignancies, particularly in DLBCL and AML.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the in vitro activity of Chansu injection against SARS-CoV-2 infection and determine whether bufalin is the primary active component responsible for its efficacy.METHODS The half-maximal effective concentration(EC50)of Chansu injection and bufalin against SARS-CoV-2 infection was determined using the CellTiter-Glo cell viability assay.qPCR was performed to assess the effects of Chansu injection and bufalin on mRNA levels of SARS-CoV-2 NP protein,inflammatory factors,and interferons in virus-infected cells.A cell-cell membrane fusion model was established,and the impact of the drugs on membrane fusion between HEK-293T and HEK-293T-ACE2 cells was evaluated using a luciferase reporter gene assay.RESULTS Chansu injection exhibited anti-SARS-CoV-2 virus infection activity,with an EC50 of 85.56 ng·mL-1.Chansu injec-tion significantly reduced the mRNA levels of viral NP protein(P<0.05),IFN-λ2/3(P<0.05),ISG-15 and RIG-I(P<0.000 1)in SARS-CoV-2 infected Calu-3 cells,and the mRNA levels of inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly reduced(P<0.000 1).The EC50 of bufalin in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 virus-infected cells was 13.3 nmol·L-1,which might be the main active component of Chansu injection in resisting SARS-CoV-2 virus-infected cells.Chansu injection could significantly inhibit the cell membrane fusion mediated by the S protein of SARS-CoV-2 virus,thereby blocking the virus invasion.CONCLUSION Chansu injection demonstrates in vitro anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity by suppressing NP protein expression,reducing inflammatory cytokine lev-els,and blocking viral entry through membrane fusion inhibition.Bufalin is likely the key active component responsible for its anti-SARS-CoV-2 effects.

Intracranial or extracranial artery stenosis is the major reason of ischemic stroke,which leads to insufficient cerebral blood flow perfusion and triggers cerebral dysfunction.The detection rate of unruptured intracranial aneurysm(UIA)combined with intracranial or extracranial artery stenosis is increasing with advances in diagnostic techniques for cerebrovascular disease.Due to the complexity of location and hemodynamic implications,there is no consensus on the treatment of UIA combined with intracranial or extracranial artery stenosis.This article summarized several types of UIA combined with intracranial or extracranial artery stenosis in terms of anatomical location,hemodynamics,and therapy strategies,aiming to provide references for clinical interventionalists.

Intracranial or extracranial artery stenosis is the major reason of ischemic stroke,which leads to insufficient cerebral blood flow perfusion and triggers cerebral dysfunction.The detection rate of unruptured intracranial aneurysm(UIA)combined with intracranial or extracranial artery stenosis is increasing with advances in diagnostic techniques for cerebrovascular disease.Due to the complexity of location and hemodynamic implications,there is no consensus on the treatment of UIA combined with intracranial or extracranial artery stenosis.This article summarized several types of UIA combined with intracranial or extracranial artery stenosis in terms of anatomical location,hemodynamics,and therapy strategies,aiming to provide references for clinical interventionalists.

Objective We aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of promoting blood circulation and eliminating phlegm method in preventing and treating patients with hydrocephalus after acute intracerebral hemorrhage.Methods This study included 139 patients with acute intracerebral hemorrhage who visited Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Guangyuan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College,Meishan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine,and Xuyong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from September 2019 to June 2023.Patients who met the exposure factors of"using the method of promoting blood circulation and eliminating phlegm"were classified into the integrated Chinese and Western medicine cohort,while those who did not meet the exposure factors were classified into the Western medicine cohort.Clinical efficacy,incidence of hydrocephalus after intracerebral hemorrhage,sum of maximum distance between the anterior horn of the lateral ventricle and the head of the caudate nucleus(Huckman value),size of the hematoma,incidence of endpoint events,National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS)score,Modified Rankin Scale(mRS)score,and Barthel index score between two cohorts were compared.Results Total clinical effective rates for patients with hydrocephalus in the two cohorts were 60.0%and 75.0%,respectively.The total effective rate of the integrated Chinese and Western medicine cohort was higher than that of the Western medicine cohort(P<0.05).After 28 days of treatment,the incidence of hydrocephalus in patients in the integrated Chinese and Western medicine cohort was lower than that of the Western medicine cohort,and the Huckman value decreased compared with the Western medicine cohort(P<0.05).Compared with 24 hours after onset,both cohorts showed a reduction in hematoma size after 28 days of treatment;compared with the Western medicine cohort,patients in the integrated Chinese and Western medicine cohort had reduced hematoma size(P<0.05).After 6 months of onset,the number of deaths in the integrated Chinese and Western medicine cohort decreased compared with the Western medicine cohort(P<0.05).Compared with 28 days of treatment,the NIHSS and mRS scores of the patients in both cohorts decreased after 6 months,while the Barthel index score increased;compared with the Western medicine cohort,patients in the integrated Chinese and Western medicine cohort showed a decrease in the NIHSS and mRS scores after both 28 days of treatment and 6 months,while the Barthel index score increased(P<0.05).Conclusion Promoting blood circulation and eliminating phlegm can effectively prevent and treat hydrocephalus after intracerebral hemorrhage and does not increase the risk of bleeding within 24 hours.

Objective:To study the effect of ligustrazine on the proliferation and collagen production of human embryonic lung fibroblasts MRC-5.Methods:MRC-5 was cultured and divided into control group, low-dose group, medium-dose group and high-dose group. The control group was treated with DMEM without drugs, while the low-dose group, medium-dose group and high-dose group were treated with DMEM with different doses of ligustrazine. After 24, 36 and 48 h treatment, the cell proliferation activity was detected by MTS assay; the cell cycle was detect by flow cytometry; the apoptosis was measured by TUNEL staining; Western blot was used to detect the expression of Bcl-2, Bax, CyclinD1, P27 protein, and ELISA was used to detect the levels of TGF-β1, Col-Ⅰ and Col-Ⅲ.Results:After 24, 36 and 48 h treatment, compared to the control group, the proliferation inhibitory rate of low-, medium-, and high-dose group increased significantly ( P<0.05). After 48 h treatment, compared to the control group, the G0/G1 phase proportion of cell cycle in different doses of ligustrazine group significantly increased, and the S phase proportion of cell cycle in different doses of ligustrazine group significantly decreased ( P<0.05). Compared to the control group, the apoptosis rate (6.59% ± 0.95%, 10.92% ± 2.25%, 16.58% ± 3.25% vs. 1.38% ± 0.34%) in different doses of ligustrazine group significantly increased ( P<0.05). Compared to the control group, the expression of Bcl-2 (0.79 ± 0.13, 0.52 ± 0.06, 0.31 ± 0.05 vs. 0.91 ± 0.15) and CyclinD1 (0.62 ± 0.08, 0.50 ± 0.06, 0.27 ± 0.04 vs. 0.83 ± 0.14) in different doses of ligustrazine group significantly decreased, while the expression of Bax (0.45 ± 0.07, 0.50 ± 0.06, 0.79 ± 0.13 vs. 0.32 ± 0.06) and p27 (0.39 ± 0.07, 0.75 ± 0.13, 0.96 ± 0.16 vs. 0.20 ± 0.05) significantly increased ( P<0.05). The content of TGF-β1, Col-Ⅰ and Col-Ⅲ in different doses of ligustrazine group were significantly decreased ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Ligustrazine can inhibit the proliferation and collagen production of human embryonic lung fibroblasts, which may be related to the induction of cell cycle arrest, regulation of proliferation and cell cycle related proteins expression.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the health literacy about diabetes prevention and control and its influencing factors among the public in China.

METHODSA multistage stratified random sampling method was applied to investigate urban and rural residents aged 18-60 years among six provinces in China during March and May, 2013. The Questionnaire of Health Literacy of Diabetes Mellitus of the Public in China was used to conduct the survey. The influencing factors of health literacy about diabetes prevention and control were analyzed by logistic regression. The results of the survey were standardized by the 6(th) national census data.

RESULTSA total of 4 416 persons were interviewed. A total of 4 282 valid questionnaires including 1 986 males (46.4%) and 2 296 females (53.6%) were obtained. The efficiency rate was 97.0%. The level of health literacy about diabetes prevention and control among the public in China was 32.7% (1 036/2 399). And this rate was 40.5%, 36.5% and 15.4% in east, middle and west of China, respectively. Take the west region as reference, the health literacy about diabetes prevention and control in east China was high (OR = 2.510, 95% CI: 1.931-3.263), central China was in the second place (OR = 2.083, 95% CI: 1.579-2.749). The health literacy about diabetes prevention and control among males was lower than that in females (OR = 0.488, 95% CI: 0.402-0.593). The higher education level the respondents had, the higher the health lireracy level about diabetes prevention and control. Taking the primary school and below education level as reference, the health lireracy level about diabetes prevention and control of respondents with a secondary education was higher (OR = 1.103, 95% CI: 0.812-1.499), and that of college or above degree was the highest (OR = 2.029, 95% CI: 0.460-0.870). The health literacy about diabetes prevention and control among civil servants and institution staff was high, the enterprise personnel was in the second place (OR = 0.632, 95% CI: 0.460-0.870), the literacy level among the rural residents was very low (OR = 0.339, 95% CI: 0.234-0.491). The health literacy about diabetes prevention and control among people who have a family history of diabetes was relatively higher (OR = 1.570, 95% CI: 1.222-2.018 ). The health literacy about diabetes prevention and control among people who considered that they have diabetes risk was higher than that among people who considered they didn't (OR = 1.821, 95% CI: 1.317-2.517).

CONCLUSIONThe east region, females, a high educational level, civil servants and public officers, having a family history of diabetes, self-assessed risk of getting diabetes were protective factors of health literacy about diabetes prevention and control.

Adult ; China ; epidemiology ; Demography ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Education ; Female ; Health Literacy ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupations ; Sex Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo study the epidemiological status of diabetes' risk factors among urban and suburban residents and their perceptions of their own health status and risk of diabetes.

METHODSStratified multi-stage sampling method was used to conduct the survey among 18-60 years old residents from Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Shanxi, Henan, Yunnan, and Qinghai provinces in China from March to May in 2013. The Questionnaire of Health Literacy of Diabetes Mellitus of the Public in China was used to conduct the survey, and then the data were analyzed. The main contents of the questionnaire included diabetes mellitus knowledge, diabetes mellitus risk factors and diabetes mellitus risk self-assessment. The results of the survey were standardized by the 6(th) national census data.

RESULTSA total of 4 416 respondents were surveyed, and 4 282 valid questionnaires were successfully collected during the survey and the response rate was 97.0%. After weighted adjustment, the overweight and obesity rate of the residents in 6 provinces was 35.3%, abdominal obesity rate was 54.7%. 77.8% of the residents without diabetes had more than one risk factor, but only 8.5% thought they might got diabetes. The residents with high risk behavior possessing rates of diabetes were in eastern areas (79.7%), urban areas (80.7%), men (84.1%), aged from 45 to 60(100.0%), below primary school education level (83.4%) and enterprise personnel (79.7%). The residents with high risk consciousness of getting diabetes were in eastern areas (11.0%), urban areas (9.7%), men (9.7%), aged from 45 to 60 (12.3%), over college education level (12.7%) and the offices (14.7%). The results of logistic regression showed that residents in the middle areas (OR = 2.148, 95% CI: 1.633-2.920), urban residents (OR = 2.100, 95% CI: 1.611-2.738), male (OR = 2.488, 95% CI: 1.962-3.154), the older (OR = 1.102, 95% CI: 1.090-1.115) had a higher risk behavior rate of diabetes mellitus. Urban residents (OR = 2.784, 95% CI: 1.497-5.175), male (OR = 1.522, 95% CI: 1.152-2.011), the older (OR = 1.022, 95% CI: 1.009-1.035), college educational level (OR = 1.685, 95% CI: 1.033-2.749), with a higher score of health awareness(OR = 1.090, 95% CI: 1.061-1.120)had a higher risk consciousness to being diabetes mellitus.

CONCLUSIONThe urban and suburban residents in China had a high risk behavior possessing rates of diabetes, and a low risk consciousness of being diabetes.

Adult ; China ; epidemiology ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Obesity ; Risk Factors ; Suburban Population ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Urban Population

OBJECTIVETo explore the status of diabetes prevention awareness among Chinese residents in order to provide the scientific basis for making intervention strategy.

METHODSA sample of 18-60 years old residents in six provinces was investigated from March to April in 2013.

RESULTSTotally, 17.8% of respondents answered all questions correctly about the awareness of diabetes. As for "Diabetes is a common chronic disease" got highest recognition rate (86.2%), and "Diabetes can be cured" got the lowest rate, 48.3%. 50.6% of respondents answered all questions correctly about the diabetes symptoms; and "thirsty, drink more water" got the highest recognition rate (75.3%). 17.8% of respondents answered all questions correctly about the complications of diabetes; and "causes of diabetes ketoacidosis" got the lowest rate of 31.6%. 12.3% of respondents answered all questions correctly about the diabetes high-risk group; the correct recognition rate for "family history" was the highest (75.1%); and the "macrosomia" got the lowest rate of 20.4%. 74.2% of respondents answered all questions correctly about the diabetes preventive measure;the correct cognition rate of a reasonable diet was the highest (92.0%), and the weight control was the lowest (81.5%). In addition, there are significant differences of knowledge score between different areas and genders. City residents' knowledge score about diabetes related views (6.2 ± 1.8), typical symptoms (2.9 ± 1.4), complication (4.1 ± 2.3), high-risk groups (3.4 ± 1.7), prevention measures (3.7 ± 0.9) were higher than rural residents (respectively 5.2 ± 2.2, 2.7 ± 1.5, 3.2 ± 2.3, 2.9 ± 1.8, 3.3 ± 1.2) (P < 0.05). Female residents' knowledge score about diabetes related views (5.7 ± 2), typical symptoms (2.9 ± 1.4), complication (3.8 ± 2.3), high-risk groups (3.1 ± 1.8), prevention measures (3.5 ± 1) were higher than male residents (respectively 5.5 ± 2.1, 2.7 ± 1.5, 3.5 ± 2.4, 3.1 ± 1.8, 3.4 ± 1.2, 18.1 ± 6.8) (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe public is lack of diabetes prevention awareness, and city residents' knowledge score is higher than rural residents', females are higher than males.

Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; China ; epidemiology ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Female ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Rural Population ; Sex Factors ; Urban Population ; Young Adult