Nocardia is a Gram-positive pathogen responsible for causing dairy mastitis,which leads to purulent granulomatous lesions in mammary tissue and can significantly impact the dairy indus-try,resulting in substantial economic losses.To develop a rapid and accurate diagnostic method for detecting Nocardia of bovine origin,a conserved sequence of the 16S rRNA gene from Nocardia was selected from the NCBI database.Based on this sequence,a pair of primers and a TaqMan fluo-rescent quantitative probe were designed.The validation of the TaqMan fluorescence quantitative PCR(qPCR)method found in this study showed that the Ctvalue had a good linear relationship with recombinant plasmid concentrations ranging from 1×1010 to 1×102 copies/μL,with a regres-sion equation of y=-3.536x+43.78,a correlation coefficient(R2)of 0.997 5,a slope of-3.536,and an amplification efficiency(E)of 91％(where 90％＜E＜110％).The specificity was strong,with no cross-reactions with other pathogens.The standard curve had a high sensitivity with a low-er detection limit of 1 × 102 copies/μL,it was 100-fold higher than conventional PCR.The repeatability of the standard curve was also good.Both intra-and inter-group coefficients of varia-tion were below 2％.Using this method,234 milk samples and 80 environmental samples were tested using this method,respectively,with a positive detection rate of 27.07％,whereas conven-tional PCR had a positive detection rate of 19.43％,indicating that this method was more sensitive compared to conventional PCR.The fluorescent quantitative PCR detection method established in this study provides an effective means for the clinical detection of Nocardia in dairy cows.

AIM:To investigate the visual quality and stereopsis after the implantation of PanOptix trifocal intraocular lens(TFNT00).METHODS: A prospective clinical study was conducted. A total of 36 cataract patients(50 eyes)who underwent phacoemulsification combined with TFNT00 implantation in Jinan Mingshui Eye Hospital from November 2022 to April 2024 were selected. They were followed up until 3 mo after the operation. The uncorrected distance visual acuity(UCDVA), uncorrected intermediate visual acuity(UCIVA), uncorrected near visual acuity(UCNVA), objective scatter index(OSI), modulation transfer function cut off(MTF-cut-off), Strehl ratio(SR)and 100%, 20%, 9% contrast visual acuity(CVA)were observed. The binoptometer was used to collect the patients' far and near stereopsis acuities. The defocus curve was drawn after the operation; the Chinese version of the VF-14 Visual Function Index Scale was used to evaluate the visual quality and satisfaction after the operation.RESULTS: There were statistically significant differences in the UCDVA, UCIVA and UCNVA of the patients at different time after the operation(all P<0.05). The transition of the defocus curve was gentle between +0.5--3.0 D after the operation. The OSI value at 3 mo postoperatively after the operation was significantly lower than that before the operation(P<0.01), and the MTF-cut-off, SR, 100% CVA, 20% CVA and 9% CVA were significantly improved than those before operation(all P<0.01). The far and near stereopsis acuities of 34 patients were abnormal before the operation. The far stereopsis acuities of the patients who underwent bilateral eye surgeries were all normal after the operation, and the near stereopsis acuity of 12 patients was normal. Among the patients who underwent unilateral eye surgeries, the far stereopsis acuities of 13 patients were normal, and the near stereopsis acuities of 11 patients were normal. The far and near stereopsis acuities of the patients who underwent bilateral eye surgeries were significantly better than those patients who underwent unilateral eye surgeries.CONCLUSION: The PanOptix trifocal intraocular lens can provide patients with good full-range visual acuity. The stereopsis of the patients with bilateral implants is better than that of the patients with unilateral implants. The overall visual quality and satisfaction of the patients after the operation are relatively high.

Male infertility has become a global concern, accounting for 20-70% of infertility. Dysfunctional spermatogenesis is the most common cause of male infertility; thus, treating abnormal spermatogenesis may improve male infertility and has attracted the attention of the medical community. Mitochondria are essential organelles that maintain cell homeostasis and normal physiological functions in various ways, such as mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Mitochondrial OXPHOS transmits electrons through the respiratory chain, synthesizes adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and produces reactive oxygen species (ROS). These mechanisms are vital for spermatogenesis, especially to maintain the normal function of testicular Sertoli cells and germ cells. The disruption of mitochondrial OXPHOS caused by external factors can result in inadequate cellular energy supply, oxidative stress, apoptosis, or ferroptosis, all inhibiting spermatogenesis and damaging the male reproductive system, leading to male infertility. This article summarizes the latest pathological mechanism of mitochondrial OXPHOS disorder in testicular Sertoli cells and germ cells, which disrupts spermatogenesis and results in male infertility. In addition, we also briefly outline the current treatment of spermatogenic malfunction caused by mitochondrial OXPHOS disorders. However, relevant treatments have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, targeting mitochondrial OXPHOS disorders in Sertoli cells and germ cells is a research direction worthy of attention. We believe this review will provide new and more accurate ideas for treating male infertility.
Male ; Humans ; Infertility, Male/metabolism* ; Oxidative Phosphorylation ; Mitochondria/metabolism* ; Spermatogenesis/physiology* ; Sertoli Cells/metabolism* ; Oxidative Stress/physiology* ; Animals ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism*

Objective To investigate the effect of early closed reduction and percutaneous Kirschner wire pinning for Gartland type Ⅱ and Ⅲ pediatric supracondylar humerus fractures.Methods Clinical data of 123 children with Gartland type Ⅱ and Ⅲsupracondylar humerus fractures admitted to our hospital from January 2021 to December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed.According to the time from injury to operation,they were divided into early group(≤ 24 h)and delayed group(＞24 h).The perioperative conditions,postoperative complications,fracture healing,and elbow joint functional recovery were compared between the two groups.Results Compared to the delayed group,the early group had less operation time[(22.9±11.3)min vs.(40.3±17.5)min,t=-6.116,P=0.000],less number of intraoperative fluoroscopy[(10.6±4.5)times vs.(17.4±5.5)times,t=-7.471,P=0.000],shorter hospital stay[(3.3±1.0)d vs.(4.2±1.3)d,t=-3.866,P=0.000],and less hospitalization cost[(10 555.0±971.2)yuan vs.(10 972.4±938.9)yuan,t=-2.345,P=0.021].The rate of anatomical reduction in the early group was higher than that in the delayed group[79.0％(60/76)vs.59.6％(28/47),x2=5.354,P=0.021].No serious complications such as vascular and nerve injury,compartment syndrome,ischemic myosclerosis,myositis ossificans,or cubitus varus and valgus occurred in both group after surgery.The incidences of tension blisters[6.6％(5/76)vs.23.4％(11/47),x2=7.265,P=0.007],plaster loosening[22.4％(17/76)vs.40.4％(19/47),x2=4.574,P=0.032],and pin tract infection[2.6％(2/76)vs.14.9％(7/47),x2=4.757,P=0.029]in the early group were lower than those in the delayed group.The fracture union time,and the time to start active and full weight-bearing activities in the early group were earlier than those in the delayed group(P＜0.05).The Flynn elbow joint scores at 3 and 6 months after surgery in the early group were better than those in the delayed group(Z=-3.469,P=0.001;Z=-2.961,P=0.003).Conclusion Early closed reduction and percutaneous Kirschner wire pinning is effective in the treatment of pediatric supracondylar humerus fractures,which can shorten the operation time and hospital stay,reduce the hospitalization cost,lower the incidence of complications,and restore elbow joint function in early stage.

Nocardia is a Gram-positive pathogen responsible for causing dairy mastitis,which leads to purulent granulomatous lesions in mammary tissue and can significantly impact the dairy indus-try,resulting in substantial economic losses.To develop a rapid and accurate diagnostic method for detecting Nocardia of bovine origin,a conserved sequence of the 16S rRNA gene from Nocardia was selected from the NCBI database.Based on this sequence,a pair of primers and a TaqMan fluo-rescent quantitative probe were designed.The validation of the TaqMan fluorescence quantitative PCR(qPCR)method found in this study showed that the Ctvalue had a good linear relationship with recombinant plasmid concentrations ranging from 1×1010 to 1×102 copies/μL,with a regres-sion equation of y=-3.536x+43.78,a correlation coefficient(R2)of 0.997 5,a slope of-3.536,and an amplification efficiency(E)of 91％(where 90％＜E＜110％).The specificity was strong,with no cross-reactions with other pathogens.The standard curve had a high sensitivity with a low-er detection limit of 1 × 102 copies/μL,it was 100-fold higher than conventional PCR.The repeatability of the standard curve was also good.Both intra-and inter-group coefficients of varia-tion were below 2％.Using this method,234 milk samples and 80 environmental samples were tested using this method,respectively,with a positive detection rate of 27.07％,whereas conven-tional PCR had a positive detection rate of 19.43％,indicating that this method was more sensitive compared to conventional PCR.The fluorescent quantitative PCR detection method established in this study provides an effective means for the clinical detection of Nocardia in dairy cows.

Objective To investigate the effect of early closed reduction and percutaneous Kirschner wire pinning for Gartland type Ⅱ and Ⅲ pediatric supracondylar humerus fractures.Methods Clinical data of 123 children with Gartland type Ⅱ and Ⅲsupracondylar humerus fractures admitted to our hospital from January 2021 to December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed.According to the time from injury to operation,they were divided into early group(≤ 24 h)and delayed group(＞24 h).The perioperative conditions,postoperative complications,fracture healing,and elbow joint functional recovery were compared between the two groups.Results Compared to the delayed group,the early group had less operation time[(22.9±11.3)min vs.(40.3±17.5)min,t=-6.116,P=0.000],less number of intraoperative fluoroscopy[(10.6±4.5)times vs.(17.4±5.5)times,t=-7.471,P=0.000],shorter hospital stay[(3.3±1.0)d vs.(4.2±1.3)d,t=-3.866,P=0.000],and less hospitalization cost[(10 555.0±971.2)yuan vs.(10 972.4±938.9)yuan,t=-2.345,P=0.021].The rate of anatomical reduction in the early group was higher than that in the delayed group[79.0％(60/76)vs.59.6％(28/47),x2=5.354,P=0.021].No serious complications such as vascular and nerve injury,compartment syndrome,ischemic myosclerosis,myositis ossificans,or cubitus varus and valgus occurred in both group after surgery.The incidences of tension blisters[6.6％(5/76)vs.23.4％(11/47),x2=7.265,P=0.007],plaster loosening[22.4％(17/76)vs.40.4％(19/47),x2=4.574,P=0.032],and pin tract infection[2.6％(2/76)vs.14.9％(7/47),x2=4.757,P=0.029]in the early group were lower than those in the delayed group.The fracture union time,and the time to start active and full weight-bearing activities in the early group were earlier than those in the delayed group(P＜0.05).The Flynn elbow joint scores at 3 and 6 months after surgery in the early group were better than those in the delayed group(Z=-3.469,P=0.001;Z=-2.961,P=0.003).Conclusion Early closed reduction and percutaneous Kirschner wire pinning is effective in the treatment of pediatric supracondylar humerus fractures,which can shorten the operation time and hospital stay,reduce the hospitalization cost,lower the incidence of complications,and restore elbow joint function in early stage.

In order to understand the characteristics of avian leukosis virus(ALV)infection and the polymorphisms of receptor genes Tva,Tvb and NHE1 sequences in different Qingyuan Ma chick-en breeding farms,the isolation and identification of exogenous ALV virus,receptor gene amplifi-cation and sequencing analysis were carried out in five Qingyuan Ma chicken breeding farms.The results of virus isolation and subtype identification showed that the positive rate of exogenous ALV virus isolation in farms A,B and C was less than 5％,among which there was ALV-J infection alone in farm A,mixed infection with ALV-J and ALV-K in farm B,ALV-K infection a-lone in farm C,and no exogenous ALV infection was detected in farm D and E.Polymorphism anal-ysis of recipient genes showed that there were different frequencies of Tvar3,Tvar4 and Tvbr3 re-sistance alleles in A-E farms,and the distribution frequency of Tvar3 was 0.2-0.6,the distribution frequency of Tvar4 was 0.3-0.7,and the distribution frequency of Tvbr3 was 0.1-0.7.In addition,there were Tvar5 resistance alleles in both B and D farms,with a distribution frequency of 0.2.A to-tal of 18 SNP mutations occurred in the NHE1 receptor gene sequence,and further analysis showed that positions 1 279,1 361,1 369,1 406,1 442,and 1 912 were non-synonymous mutations,which could cause changes in amino acids.The study suggested that there were differences in the exogenous ALV and its subtypes among the five Qingyuan Ma chicken breeders,and each farm should have a more targeted and unique purification strategy.The distribution of Tva and Tvb re-sistance alleles at different frequencies,along with the occurrence of 6 non-synonymous mutations in the NHE1 gene,indicate that Qingyuan Ma chicken have the potential of genetic resistance breeding.

Background: Xylazole (Xyl) is a veterinary anesthetic that is structurally and functionally similar to xylazine. However, the effects of Xyl in vitro remain unknown. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the anesthetic mechanism of Xyl using fetal rat nerve cells treated with Xyl. Methods: Fetal rat nerve cells cultured for seven days were treated with 10, 20, 30, and 40 μg/ mL Xyl for 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min. Variations of amino acid neurotransmitters (AANTs), Nitric oxide-Cyclic GMP (NO-cGMP) signaling pathway, and ATPase were evaluated. Results: Xyl decreased the levels of cGMP and NO in nerve cells. Furthermore, Xyl affected the AANT content and Na+ -K+ -ATPase and Ca2+ -Mg2+ -ATPase activity in nerve cells. These findings suggested that Xyl inhibited the NO-cGMP signaling pathway in nerve cells in vitro. Conclusions This study provided new evidence that the anesthetic and analgesic effects of Xyl are related to the inhibition of the NO-cGMP signaling pathway.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical outcomes of neutral wedge osteotomy assisted by determination of the center of rotation of angulation (CORA) at the distal humerus anatomical axis for cubitus varus deformity in children.Methods:From 2016 to December 2019, 20 children with cubitus varus after supracondylar fracture of the humerus were treated at Department of Orthopeadics, Children's Hospital of Wujiang District. They were 8 boys and 12 girls, aged from 4 to 12 years (average, 7.0 years). Standard anteroposterior X-ray films of bilateral humerus were taken preoperatively for measurement of Baumann angle, proximal anatomical axis (PAA) and distal anatomical axis (DAA) of bilateral humerus to determine the CORA and the varus deformity angle. A lateral closed neutral wedge osteotomy was performed around the CORA to correct the varus deformity. All children were immobilized with elbow plaster cast after operation. Elbow flexion and extension function, postoperative scar, and body surface carrying angle were recorded. The carrying angle and Baumann angle were also measured on elbow X-ray films. Elbow function was evaluated according to the modified Flynn elbow score at 24 months after operation.Results:All patients were followed up for 24 to 36 months (mean, 29.3 months). Elbow hyperextension was close to normal in 18 cases, and 5° hyperextension existed in 2 cases. The flexion was greater than 130°, averaging 133.1° (from 130° to 138°), in 15 patients. The flexion ranged from 110° to 130° in 5 patients. The Baumann angle was 99.0°±1.0° preoperatively and 76.0°±1.0° postoperatively; the carrying angle was -14.0°±1.0° preoperatively and 13.6°±1.0° postoperatively. There were significant differences between the above items between preoperation and postoperation ( P<0.05). According to the modified Flynn elbow score at 24 months after operation, the elbow function was excellent in 16 and good in 4 cases. The varus of 40° was corrected during surgery in one child. Fixation failure or correction failure occurred in none of the children before removal of the plaster or the Kirschner wire. Conclusions:In neutral wedge osteotomy assisted by determination of the CORA at the distal humerus anatomical axis, the CORA and angulation of the distal humerus inversion can be accurately determined so that the osteotomy line and the angulation correction axis can pass through the CORA to restore the humerus alignment with no displacement of the broken ends.

BACKGROUND:Edaravone as an antioxidant protective effect on nerve cells injured by hydrogen peroxide has been confirmed, but its protective effect on oxidative damage to bone marrow stromal cells has not been reported in-depth. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the regulatory effects of edaravone on oxidative injury to bone marrow stromal cells. METHODS:Bone marrow samples were extracted from the long bone of New Zealand rabbits by the method of washing the pulp cavity, then subjected to the density gradient centrifugation and adherent screening to obtain bone marrow stromal stem cells in vitro. The bone marrow stromal cells at 3 passage were divided into five groups:blank group, treated with low-glucose Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium containing 10%fetal bovine serum and 1%double antibody;dexamethasone group, treated with cellculture medium containing 1×10-7 mol/L dexamethasone;50, 100, 300 mg/L edaravone groups, cultured in cellculture medium containing 1×10-7 mol/L dexamethasone and 50, 100, 300 mg/L edaravone, respectively. After culture, MTT method and flow cytometry were used to detect the proliferative level and cellcycle of cells. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the control and dexamethasone groups, edaravone significantly enhanced the cellproliferation. Edaravone played a protective role in bone marrow stromal cells. When the concentration was 50 mg/L, edaravone began to play a regulatory role (P<0.05), and this effect was certainly associated with the concentration of edaravone. When the concentration was up to 100 mg/L, edaravone showed a better protective role (P<0.01). However, with increasing concentration, this protective effect was not further increased, but decreased slightly. Results indicated that high-concentration dexamethasone can induce oxidative injury to bone marrow stromal cells, and edaravone can protect the cells against this oxidative damage by antioxidant role.