Allergic conjunctivitis （AC） is one of the most common eye diseases in ophthalmology， including type I allergies and type Ⅳallergies， which seriously affect the quality of life of patients. This article analyzes the current models of allergic conjunctivitis based on the characteristics of clinical symptoms of Chinese and Western medicine， including the types of animals selected， the characteristics of the models， and the analysis of the degree of agreement with the clinical symptoms of Chinese and Western medicine. It is concluded that most of the current AC model replication uses ovalbumin （OVA） induction method， ragweed pollen induction method. In recent years， animal models of fungal-inducible， compound 48/80-inducible， and murine allergic conjunctivitis have appeared， which are sensitized by the "systemic first and then local" method. Most of them have a high degree of coincidence with the characteristics of Western medicine symptoms， but there are certain gaps in the indicators of Chinese medicine， and there are also inconsistencies between the existing observation indicators and the diagnostic standards of Chinese medicine， resulting in unclear symptoms of Chinese medicine and irregular classification judgments. Therefore， To replicate the animal model with high clinical anastomosis of Chinese and Western medicine， further discussion and research are needed to better promote the research of allergic conjunctivitis.

【Objective】 To compare the diagnostic efficacy of full-field digital mammography(FFDM), digital breast mammography(DBT) and dynamic enhanced magnetic resonance imaging(DCE-MRI) for breast tumors in different gland types. 【Methods】 Retrospective analyses of 56 breast lesions in 49 patients who underwent FFDM, DBT and MRI in the Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University from October 2018 to December 2019 were performed. The breasts were divided into the non-dense or dense pattern, according to FFDM images. The breast lesions were diagnosed as benign(BI-RADS grade 4a and below) or malignant(BI-RADS grade 4b and above), based on the images of FFDM, DBT and MRI, respectively. All patients underwent surgery or biopsy to get a pathological diagnosis. The kappa consistency tests and receiver operating characteristics(ROC) analyses were used to compare the efficacy of FFDM, DBT and MRI in the diagnosis of breast tumor in different gland patterns. 【Results】 In all breasts, MRI (kappa = 0.66) was moderately consistent with pathological diagnosis, which was higher than DBT(kappa = 0.44), while there was no significant difference between FFDM(kappa = 0.14) and pathological diagnosis. In non-dense breasts, MRI (kappa = 0.88) was moderately consistent with pathological diagnosis, which was higher than DBT(kappa = 0.51), while there was no significant difference between FFDM(kappa = 0.18) and pathological diagnosis. In dense breasts, MRI(kappa = 0.54) was moderately consistent with pathological diagnosis, which was higher than DBT(kappa = 0.37), while there was no significant difference between FFDM(kappa = 0.10) and pathological diagnosis. In all breasts, the diagnostic efficacy of MRI, DBT and FFDM for breast tumor decreased gradually(AUC = 0.83; 0.73; 0.58). Specifically, the specificity of MRI, DBT and FFDM increased sequentially(77%, 82%, 86%), but the sensitivity decreased(88%, 65%, 29%). In non-dense breasts, the diagnostic efficacy of MRI, DBT and FFDM for breast tumor decreased gradually(AUC = 0.97; 0.84; 0.66). Specifically, the sensitivity of MRI(94%) was higher than that of DBT(69%) and FFDM(31%). In dense breasts, the diagnostic efficacy of MRI, DBT and FFDM for breast tumor decreased gradually(AUC = 0.77; 0.69; 0.55). Specifically, the specificity of MRI, DBT and FFDM increased sequentially(71%, 76%, 82%), but the sensitivity decreased(83%, 61%, 28%) . 【Conclusions】 In both dense and non-dense breasts, FFDM has the lowest diagnostic ability. In non-dense breasts, the diagnostic efficacy of MRI is higher than DBT. DBT shows its advantage over MRI in dense breasts, as it has a higher diagnostic specificity.

Objective To summarize the clinical features and outcomes of paraduodenal pancreatitis (PP). Methods Five clinically or pathologically diagnosed PP patients in Peking Union Medical College Hospital and 31 other PP cases reported in Chinese literature since 1988 were retrospectively analysed. Results Most PP patients were young or middle-aged males with a history of alcohol abuse. The clinical symptoms included upper abdominal pain,vomiting,weight loss,and fluctuating jaundice. Serum pancreatic enzymes were normal or elevated. Radiological features in most cases included thickening of the duodenal wall and duodenal stenosis (88.9%,32/36),cysts in the duodenal wall and groove area (47.2%,17/36),dilated bile duct (36.1%,13/36),and dilated pancreatic duct (16.7%,6/36). The main pathological finding was chronic pancreatitis,which could be accompanied by local acute inflammation,which was limited in the groove-duodenal area in most cases. The disease can be well controlled by conservative treatment,although surgery was needed in a small number of cases. Conclusion sPP typically occurs in young or middle-aged males. Radiological examination is valuable for diagnosis. Conservative treatment is the mainstream treatment in most patients.

Clinical breakpoints are used in phaseⅡorⅢclinical trials to categorize microorganisms if susceptibility to new tested antibacterial agents that means the patient infected by the pathogen will be enrolled the study or not.The role of this consensus is to define procedure and required data to setting breakpoints and how to revaluate it in clinical trials.

OBJECTIVEMultidrug resistance (MDR) is one of the primary causes of suboptimal outcomes in chemotherapy of children with acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML). The mechanisms of drug transport resistance may chiefly contribute to MDR. Expression and/or activity of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), multiple resistance-associated protein-1 (MRP1), lung-resistance related protein (LRP) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) have been considered to be associated with unfavourable outcomes in pediatric AML patients. In previous studies, we found WASP-family verprolin-homologous protein-1 (WAVE1) was involved in the MDR mechanisms in K562/A02 leukemia cells. To investigate the expression of WAVE1, P-gp, MRP1, LRP/MVP and BCRP; and if WAVE1 is involved in MDR of human leukemia cell.

METHODSWAVE1, P-gp, MRP1, LRP, BCRP mRNA and protein expression in bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCs) were measured by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RQ-PCR) and Western blot in a cohort of 52 children with acute myeloblastic leukemia. During follow-up, of the 52 patients, 21 were documented as being relapsing or refractory, and 31 were induced into complete continuous remission. Furthermore, HL60 cells and HL60/ADR cells were transiently transfected with PCDNA3.1-WAVE1 reconstructed plasmid and specifically siRNA to WAVE1 respectively, and the expression of WAVE1, MRP1 and BCRP before and after transfection was assessed by real-time PCR and Western blot analysis.

RESULTS(1) The expression levels of WAVE1, P-gp, MRP, LRP and BCRP in refractory/relapsing group were much higher than that in complete continuous remission (CCR) group. (2) WAVE1 mRNA and protein expression in BMMCs of children were at higher levels when they were newly diagnosed or relapsed, compared with complete continuous remission. (3) The WAVE1 expression at mRNA and protein level in HL60/ADR cells was increased by about 353% and 95% respectively as compared with that in HL60 cells. (4) Overexpression of WAVE1 in HL60 cell lines upregulated the expression levels of MRP and BCRP (MRP mRNA and protein level were increased by about 16.54 times and 129% respectively, BCRP was increased by 4.93 times and 96%); whereas suppression of WAVE1 expression by RNA interference downregulated the expression levels of MRP1 and BCRP (MRP mRNA and protein level was only 11% and 43% of pre-disturbance respectively, BCRP was 14% and 71%).

CONCLUSIONSHigher levels of WAVE1 in the BM indicate an unfavorable prognosis in children with AML. WAVE1 is related to the development of AML and involved in the MDR mechanisms, and regulates the level of MRP1 and BCRP.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; genetics ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; genetics ; Male ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein Family ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo explore the mechanical behavior of lumbar spine loaded by stress and provide the mechanical basis for clinical analysis and judgement of lumbar spine fracture classification, mechanical distribution and static stress.

METHODSBy means of computer simulation method, the constructed lumbar spine three-dimensional model was introduced into three-dimensional finite element analysis by software Ansys 7.0. The lumbar spine mechanical behavior in different parts of the stress loading were calculated. Impact load is 0-8000 N. The peak value was 8000 N. The loading time is 0-40 minutes. The values of the main stress, stress distribution and the lumbar spine unit displacement in the direction of main stress were analyzed.

RESULTSThe lumbar spine model was divided into a total of 121 239 nodes, 112 491 units. It could objectively reflect the true anatomy of lumbar spine and its biomechanical behavior and obtain the end-plate images under different stress. The stress distribution on the lumbar intervertebral disc (L(3)-L(4)) under the axial, lateral flexion and extension stress, and the displacement trace of the corresponding processus articularis were analyzed.

CONCLUSIONIt is helpful to analyze the stress distribution of lumbar spine and units displacement in static stress loading in the clinical research of lumbar spine injury and the distribution of internal stress.

Adult ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Female ; Finite Element Analysis ; Humans ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; physiology ; Sacrum ; physiology ; Stress, Mechanical

OBJECTIVETo compare therapeutic effects between moxibustion and infrared therapy for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis.

METHODSFrom January 2007 to June 2008 period, 65 patients with knee osteoarthritis were divided into treatment and control groups randomly uniform random number table generated from SAS statistical software. Among 35 patients in the treatment group, 17 patients were male and 18 patients were female, ranging in age from 45 to 75 years, with an average of (61.2+/-6.4) years; the course of disease ranged from 9 to 43 months, with a mean of (23.6+/-13.8) months; the preoperative Lysholm score ranged from 19 to 28 scores, averaged (24.3+/-3.3) scores. In the control group, there were 30 patients, including 13 males and 17 females, ranging in age from 47 to 79 years, with an average of (62.5+/-9.3) years; the course of disease ranged from 8 to 45 months, with a mean of (24.6+/-16.6) months; the preoperative Lysholm score ranged from 20 to 29 scores, averaged (25.9+/-3.0) scores. The patients in the treatment group were treated with moxibustion, and the patients in control group were treated with infrared therapy. All the patients were followed up for 4 weeks. The Lysholm scores were compared between the two groups.

RESULTSAccording to Lysholm score for clinical efficacy, treatment group got (87.5+/-5.6) scores and the control group were (85.9+/-3.5) scores, the Lysholm score of the treatment group was higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). Among pain score, joint flexion and extension score, joint stability score, and up and down stairs score, the pain and joint stability scores of patients in the treatment group were higher than those of control group (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONCompared with infrared therapy, moxibustion treatment for knee osteoarthritis can get better joint function, which is effect to alleviate the patient's pain, improve joint stability, improve the efficacy, and is valued to be promoted.

Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Moxibustion ; methods ; Multicenter Studies as Topic ; Osteoarthritis, Knee ; therapy ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo discuss the diagnosis and treatment of the crush syndrome in the earthquake.

METHODSThirty-five patients with crush syndrome caused by earthquake were involved the retrospective study. The role of nutritional support, active wound treatment and hemodialysis on the patients' recovery was observed.

RESULTSThe function of the heart and kidneys were gradually improved by the planned removal of the necrotic tissue, which laid a foundation for the further repair of the wound.

CONCLUSIONThe removal of necrotic tissue, which can decrease the toxic absorption, will improve the success rate for treatment of the crush syndrome patients when being assisted with the hemodialysis.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; China ; Crush Syndrome ; complications ; physiopathology ; surgery ; therapy ; Disasters ; statistics & numerical data ; Earthquakes ; statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Renal Dialysis ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo explore the relationship between human cyclin C (CCNC) gene and childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL).

METHODSThe total RNA isolated from myeloid tissues of normal children and of children with newly diagnosed ALL and from ALL cell line 6T-CEM was reversely transcribed into cDNA. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR method was used to detect CCNC gene expression.

RESULTSCCNC was expressed in myeloid tissues of normal children and of children with newly diagnosed ALL as well as 6T-CEM. The relative expression level of CCNC gene in children with newly diagnosed ALL was significantly lower than in normal controls (2.35 +/- 0.83 vs 13.5 +/- 0.30; P <0.05).

CONCLUSIONSCCNC gene shows lower expression in children with newly diagnosed ALL, suggesting that it may be a tumor suppressing gene in childhood ALL.

Child ; Cyclin C ; Cyclins ; genetics ; Female ; Fluorescence ; Humans ; Male ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate whether WASP/Verprolin homologous protein 1 (WAVE1) plays a role in the pathogenesis of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).

METHODSWAVE1 mRNA and protein expression in bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCs) was measured by RT-PCR and Western blotting respectively in 4 children with ALL relapse, 15 children with ALL in complete remission (CR) and 40 children with newly diagnosed ALL. Ten normal bone marrow samples were used as controls. Jurkat cells were treated with different concentrations of adriamycin (ADM). The cell proliferation was detected with MTT. The apoptosis rate was measured by flow cytometry. WAVE1 mRNA and protein expression of Jurkat cells treated with ADM was detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting respectively.

RESULTSWAVE1 was not expressed or weakly expressed in BMMCs from normal controls and patients with ALL in CR. Higher WAVE1 mRNA and protein expression was found in BMMCs from patients with newly diagnosed ALL and patients with relapse ALL when compared with the controls and the patients in CR (P<0.01). ADM significantly inhibited the proliferation of the Jurkat cells and the inhibitory effect was dose-and time-dependent (P<0.05). After ADM treatment for 24 hrs, the percentage of apoptosis cells increased significantly and WAVE1 mRNA and protein expression of Jurkat cells decreased significantly when compared with the untreated controls (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe WAVE1 expression increased in children with ALL. WAVE1 may be related to the development of ALL and may be severed as a marker for the evaluation of the severity of ALL in children.

Adolescent ; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Blotting, Western ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Doxorubicin ; pharmacology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Jurkat Cells ; Male ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; etiology ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis ; Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein Family ; analysis ; genetics ; physiology