As an important tissue of the body(accounting for approximately 40％of body weight),skel-etal muscle is composed of various cell types such as muscle fibers,muscle stem cells,and endothelial cells.It participates in physiological processes including movement,energy metabolism,and internal en-vironment homeostasis through temporal and spatial specific regulation.Its development is divided into two critical stages:embryonic and postnatal periods.Abnormal development can lead to diseases such as muscular dystrophy and directly affect the yield and quality of livestock meat.In recent years,the combi-nation of single-cell transcriptomics(scRNA-seq)and spatial omics(single-cell spatial omics technolo-gy)has provided a high-resolution research tool for analyzing the spatiotemporal dynamic regulatory net-work and intercellular interactions in skeletal muscle development.This article reviews the molecular mechanisms of skeletal muscle development and its application value in animal husbandry breeding,and systematically combs the research progress,analysis processes,data resources,and future directions of single-cell omics,spatial omics,and single-cell spatial omics technology in skeletal muscle development.Among them,single-cell omics can reveal the heterogeneity of skeletal muscle cells,myofiber differentia-tion trajectories in different livestock and poultry(such as cattle,pigs,and Tibetan chickens)through methods like pseudotime analysis and RNA velocity analysis.Furthermore,single-cell omics can identify key transcription factors(e.g.,MYF5,MYOD1)and cell communication pathways(e.g.,FGF7-FG-FR2),and simultaneously clarify the molecular differences in myoblast differentiation timing and cell composition ratio among different breeds.Relying on technologies such as Visium and Seq-Scope,spatial omics realizes the spatial localization of gene expression in pathological models of mice,Atlantic salmon,and broiler chickens.Spatial omics also clarifies the spatial distribution laws of neuromuscular junction region-specific genes and inflammation-fibrosis cascade reactions,and makes up for the defect of losing spatial context in single-cell technology.Although there are limited direct application cases of single-cell spatial omics technology,it has already analyzed the abnormal fate of myoblasts in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy through MERFISH technology.In terms of technology selection,it is necessary to consider research objectives,molecular modalities,and resolution requirements.At the same time,data analysis needs to address challenges such as data sparsity through methods like DCA denoising and RCTD cell type mapping.In addition,this article summarizes 16 muscle development-related databases inclu-ding HCA and PanglaoDB.This review further discusses the potential applications of these three types of technologies in the directional regulation of myoblast fate,precise intervention in the growth cycle,im-provement of microenvironment interactions,and the development of multi-omics genetic breeding mod-els.This paper is providing a more comprehensive and detailed theoretical reference and technical sup-port for basic research on skeletal muscle development and practical applications in the animal husbandry industry.

Objective To report the diagnosis and treatment of a case of acute pulmonary embolism caused by thrombus detachment within a popliteal venous aneurysm and conduct a literature review,aiming to enhance the understanding of the disease.Methods The case data of a patient with pulmonary embolism caused by thrombus detachment within a popliteal venous aneurysm who was admitted to the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University were retrospectively analyzed.The relevant literature published from July 2014 to July 2023 in the CNKI and PubMed databases was retrieved,and the diagnosis and treatment methods of the disease were summarized.Results The patient in this case was a 61-year-old male,who was admitted was admitted to the hospital due to"intermittent chest tightness and shortness of breath for 5 days".Color Doppler ultrasound examination and pulmonary artery CT angiography(CTA)suggested popliteal venous aneurysm combined with intramural thrombus and pulmonary embolism.Therefore,the pulmonary embolism and popliteal venous aneurysm were treated surgically in stages.The patient recovered well after the operation and there were no symptoms of chest tightness or shortness of breath after discharge.A total of 11 literatures were retrieved,involving 11 patients,all of whom underwent surgical treatment;Among them,4 patients were treated with inferior vena cava filter placement,and 2 patients underwent popliteal venous aneurysm surgery after filter placement.Through literature review,it can be known that the etiology of popliteal venous aneurysm remains unclear,and there is no unified standard for diagnosis and treatment.Up to now,surgery is still the preferred option for treatment.Conclusions Patients with popliteal venous aneurysms may be asymptomatic but can lead to deep vein thrombosis of the lower limbs and subsequent pulmonary embolism.Surgical intervention is an effective treatment option.For patients with combined pulmonary embolism,especially those with recurrent pulmonary embolism,it is recommended to perform surgical treatment following placement of an inferior vena cava filter.

With the rapid development of generative artificial intelligence(GAI)technologies,their widespread application in academic research and writing is continuously expanding the boundaries of sci-entific inquiry.However,this trend has also raised a series of ethical and regulatory challenges,inclu-ding issues related to authorship,content authenticity,citation accuracy,and accountability.In light of the growing involvement of AI in generating academic content,establishing an open,controllable,and trustworthy ethical governance framework has become a key task for safeguarding research integrity and maintaining trust within the academic community.This expert consensus outlines ethical requirements across key stages of AI-assisted academic writing-including topic selection,data management,citation practices,and authorship attribution.It aims to clarify the boundaries and ethical obligations surrounding AI use in academic writing,ensuring that technological tools enhance efficiency without compromising in-tegrity.The goal is to provide guidance and institutional support for building a responsible and sustainable research ecosystem.

Background and purpose:According to the latest data from the National Cancer Center,the incidence rate and mortality of lung cancer in China rank first among all malignant tumors,and 85%are non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).In recent years,immunotherapy based on programmed cell death protein-1(PD-1)/programmed death ligand-1(PD-L1)immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)has made breakthrough progress in lung cancer,bringing more survival benefits to lung cancer patients.This study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of three major PD-L1 testing assays in guiding immunotherapy for patients with NSCLC,and to provide empirical evidence to guide the selection of cost-effective diagnosis and ICIs monotherapy regimens for NSCLC patients in China.Methods:From a healthcare system perspective,a decision-tree model was constructed to simulate the cost and effectiveness(percentage of the patients who were successfully diagnosed and who were correctly prescribed and underwent correct treatment according to China treatment guidelines)of employing Ventana PD-L1 IHC(SP263)assay,PD-L1 IHC 22C3 pharmDx,and Dako 22C3 antibody concentrate in early to mid-stage and advanced NSCLC patients in China,respectively.The cost-effectiveness of SP263 assay compared to other testing methods was assessed through the incremental analysis.The robustness of the base case analysis results was validated by using one-way sensitivity analysis and probabilistic sensitivity analysis.Results:When considering atezolizumab monotherapy following chemotherapy for early to mid-stage(Ⅱ A-Ⅲ B)NSCLC patients,in comparison to the 22C3 assay or 22C3 antibody concentrate,the SP263 assay incurred an additional cost of 9 449 yuan per successfully diagnosed and treated patient.The SP263 assay,which can guide multiple ICIs monotherapies(e.g.,atezolizumab,pembrolizumab)for advanced(Ⅳ)NSCLC patients,was dominant by achieving a higher percentage of successfully diagnosed and treated patients at a lower cost compared to Dako 22C3 assay and Dako 22C3 antibody concentrate.One-way sensitivity analysis and probabilistic sensitivity analysis both confirmed the robustness of the results.Conclusion:The Ventana PD-L1 IHC SP263 assay was cost-effective,compared to Dako PD-L1 IHC 22C3 assay and Dako 22C3 antibody concentrate for the immunotherapy treatment for both stage Ⅱ A-Ⅲ B and stage Ⅳ NSCLC patients in China.

Objective:To explore the effect of 3D printing extravascular stent implantation on the hemodynamics of the relevant large vessels in patients with nutcracker syndrome（NCS），and to discuss the clinical safety of this new procedure.Methods:A total of 30 NCS patients admitted to Tangdu Hospital Affiliated to Air Force Military Medical University from May to December 2023 were prospectively included. All the patients were received laparoscopic 3D printing extravascular stent implantation for NCS treatment. Whether the lumbago，abdominal pain，hematuria，proteinuria and varicocele had improved after the stent implantation were observed. The inner diameter，blood flow velocity of left renal vein，abdominal aorta，superior mesenteric artery and the diameter of inferior vena cava were measured by ultrasound 1 day before surgery and 8 days after surgery，respectively.In addition，the carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity（cfPWV）was measured by a newly developed method，by which the arterial stiffness could be detected based on Doppler ultrasound. The blood flow Doppler spectra of each subject were recorded at the right common carotid artery and the right common femoral artery，respectively，then based on that，the cfPWV was automatically calculated by this new technique. The above internal diameters，blood flow velocity and cfPWV were compared before and after the laparoscopic 3D printing extravascular stent implantation.Results:Among the 30 patients，the postoperative blood flow velocity at the left renal vein compression site was significantly lower than that before surgery［（50.7 ± 14.8）cm/s vs（122.1 ± 24.1）cm/s， P<0.001）］，and the clinical symptoms，including lumbago and abdominal pain，hematuria，proteinuria and varicocele were significantly improved（all P<0.05）. There were no significant changes in the internal diameter，blood flow velocity of abdominal aorta，superior mesenteric artery and the diameter of inferior vena cava，and cfPWV before and after operation（all P>0.05）. Conclusions:The 3D printing extravascular stent implantation through laparoscope can effectively improve left renal vein compression in patients with NCS，and cause no significant change in large arterial hemodynamics，suggesting that this surgical method is a safe and reliable treatment for patients with NCS.

Background and purpose:According to the latest data from the National Cancer Center,the incidence rate and mortality of lung cancer in China rank first among all malignant tumors,and 85%are non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).In recent years,immunotherapy based on programmed cell death protein-1(PD-1)/programmed death ligand-1(PD-L1)immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)has made breakthrough progress in lung cancer,bringing more survival benefits to lung cancer patients.This study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of three major PD-L1 testing assays in guiding immunotherapy for patients with NSCLC,and to provide empirical evidence to guide the selection of cost-effective diagnosis and ICIs monotherapy regimens for NSCLC patients in China.Methods:From a healthcare system perspective,a decision-tree model was constructed to simulate the cost and effectiveness(percentage of the patients who were successfully diagnosed and who were correctly prescribed and underwent correct treatment according to China treatment guidelines)of employing Ventana PD-L1 IHC(SP263)assay,PD-L1 IHC 22C3 pharmDx,and Dako 22C3 antibody concentrate in early to mid-stage and advanced NSCLC patients in China,respectively.The cost-effectiveness of SP263 assay compared to other testing methods was assessed through the incremental analysis.The robustness of the base case analysis results was validated by using one-way sensitivity analysis and probabilistic sensitivity analysis.Results:When considering atezolizumab monotherapy following chemotherapy for early to mid-stage(Ⅱ A-Ⅲ B)NSCLC patients,in comparison to the 22C3 assay or 22C3 antibody concentrate,the SP263 assay incurred an additional cost of 9 449 yuan per successfully diagnosed and treated patient.The SP263 assay,which can guide multiple ICIs monotherapies(e.g.,atezolizumab,pembrolizumab)for advanced(Ⅳ)NSCLC patients,was dominant by achieving a higher percentage of successfully diagnosed and treated patients at a lower cost compared to Dako 22C3 assay and Dako 22C3 antibody concentrate.One-way sensitivity analysis and probabilistic sensitivity analysis both confirmed the robustness of the results.Conclusion:The Ventana PD-L1 IHC SP263 assay was cost-effective,compared to Dako PD-L1 IHC 22C3 assay and Dako 22C3 antibody concentrate for the immunotherapy treatment for both stage Ⅱ A-Ⅲ B and stage Ⅳ NSCLC patients in China.

To improve the quality evaluation system of Hibisci Mutabilis Folium, this study established high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) fingerprints of Hibisci Mutabilis Folium and evaluated the quality differences of medicinal materials from different places of production by chemometrics. Furthermore, a content measurement method of differential components was established based on quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker(QAMS). The fingerprints of 17 batches of Hibisci Mutabilis Folium from different places of production were constructed, with a total of 19 common peaks marked and seven components confirmed. The similarity between the sample fingerprints and the reference fingerprints ranged from 0.890 to 0.974. By utilizing principal component analysis(PCA), hierarchical cluster analysis(HCA), and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA), the chemical patterns of fingerprints were identified. Five components that could be used to evaluate the quality differences of Hibisci Mutabilis Folium were screened, namely peak 6(quercetin 3-O-β-robinobioside), peak 7(rutin), peak 9(kaempferol-3-O-β-robinobioside), peak 10(kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside), and peak 14(tiliroside). The relative correction factors of isoquercitrin, kaempferol-3-O-β-robinobioside, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucoside, and tiliroside were measured with rutin as the internal reference. The QAMS method was established for the content measurement of six flavonoids, and the results showed there was no significant difference compared to the results obtained by an external standard method. In summary, the HPLC fingerprints and QAMS method established in the study, demonstrating stability and accuracy, can provide a reference for the overall quality evaluation of Hibisci Mutabilis Folium.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry* ; Quality Control ; Principal Component Analysis

A growing global trend indicates a decline in semen quality, with a lack of physical activity identified as one of the contributing factors. Exercise is medication, and numerous studies have explored its effects on semen quality. However, there is no consensus on the most effective type and intensity of exercise for improving semen quality, owing to inconsistent findings across studies. These discrepancies may be attributable to variations in study populations ( e.g. , healthy versus infertile individuals) and research methodologies ( e.g., observational versus interventional studies). This paper reviews the existing literature from the databases PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, reclassifying articles on their subject and research designs to delineate the relationship between exercise and semen quality. It also summarizes the mechanisms through which exercise influences semen quality, including hormonal regulation, oxidative stress, and inflammatory factors.
Humans ; Semen Analysis ; Male ; Exercise/physiology* ; Oxidative Stress/physiology* ; Infertility, Male/physiopathology* ; Sperm Motility/physiology*

To guide clinical blood transfusion practices for pediatric patients, the National Health Commission has issued the health standard "Guideline for pediatric transfusion" (WS/T 795-2022). Blood transfusion is one of the most commonly used supportive treatments for children with hematological diseases. This guideline provides guidance and recommendations for blood transfusions in children with aplastic anemia, thalassemia, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, acute leukemia, myelodysplastic syndromes, immune thrombocytopenic purpura, and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. This article presents the evidence and interpretation of the blood transfusion provisions for children with hematological diseases in the "Guideline for pediatric transfusion", aiming to assist in the understanding and implementing the blood transfusion section of this guideline.
Humans ; Child ; Hematologic Diseases/therapy* ; Blood Transfusion/standards* ; Practice Guidelines as Topic

To guide clinical blood transfusion practices for pediatric patients, the National Health Commission has issued the health standard "Guideline for pediatric transfusion" (WS/T 795-2022). Blood transfusion for children undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is highly complex and challenging. This guideline provides recommendations on transfusion thresholds and the selection of blood components for these children. This article presents the evidence and interpretation of the transfusion provisions for children undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, with the aim of enhancing the understanding and implementation of the "Guideline for pediatric transfusion".
Humans ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Child ; Blood Transfusion/standards* ; Practice Guidelines as Topic