Biomolecular condensates are formed through phase separation of biomacromolecules such as proteins and RNAs. These condensates exhibit liquid-like properties that can futher transition into more stable material states. They form complex internal structures via multivalent weak interactions, enabling precise spatiotemporal regulations. However, the use of inconsistent and non-standardized terminology has become increasingly problematic, hindering academic exchange and the dissemination of scientific knowledge. Therefore, it is necessary to discuss the terminology related to biomolecular condensates in order to clarify concepts, promote interdisciplinary cooperation, enhance research efficiency, and support the healthy development of this field.

Background: and Purpose Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) following endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) is a severe complication associated with adverse functional outcomes and increased mortality rates. Currently, a reliable predictive model for sICH risk after EVT is lacking. Methods: This study used data from patients aged ≥20 years who underwent EVT for anterior circulation stroke from the nationwide Taiwan Registry of Endovascular Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke (TREAT-AIS). A predictive model including factors associated with an increased risk of sICH after EVT was developed to differentiate between patients with and without sICH. This model was compared existing predictive models using nationwide registry data to evaluate its relative performance. Results: Of the 2,507 identified patients, 158 developed sICH after EVT. Factors such as diastolic blood pressure, Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score, platelet count, glucose level, collateral score, and successful reperfusion were associated with the risk of sICH after EVT. The TREAT-AIS score demonstrated acceptable predictive accuracy (area under the curve [AUC]=0.694), with higher scores being associated with an increased risk of sICH (odds ratio=2.01 per score increase, 95% confidence interval=1.64–2.45, P<0.001). The discriminatory capacity of the score was similar in patients with symptom onset beyond 6 hours (AUC=0.705). Compared to existing models, the TREAT-AIS score consistently exhibited superior predictive accuracy, although this difference was marginal. Conclusions The TREAT-AIS score outperformed existing models, and demonstrated an acceptable discriminatory capacity for distinguishing patients according to sICH risk levels. However, the differences between models were only marginal. Further research incorporating periprocedural and postprocedural factors is required to improve the predictive accuracy.

Background: and Purpose Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) following endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) is a severe complication associated with adverse functional outcomes and increased mortality rates. Currently, a reliable predictive model for sICH risk after EVT is lacking. Methods: This study used data from patients aged ≥20 years who underwent EVT for anterior circulation stroke from the nationwide Taiwan Registry of Endovascular Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke (TREAT-AIS). A predictive model including factors associated with an increased risk of sICH after EVT was developed to differentiate between patients with and without sICH. This model was compared existing predictive models using nationwide registry data to evaluate its relative performance. Results: Of the 2,507 identified patients, 158 developed sICH after EVT. Factors such as diastolic blood pressure, Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score, platelet count, glucose level, collateral score, and successful reperfusion were associated with the risk of sICH after EVT. The TREAT-AIS score demonstrated acceptable predictive accuracy (area under the curve [AUC]=0.694), with higher scores being associated with an increased risk of sICH (odds ratio=2.01 per score increase, 95% confidence interval=1.64–2.45, P<0.001). The discriminatory capacity of the score was similar in patients with symptom onset beyond 6 hours (AUC=0.705). Compared to existing models, the TREAT-AIS score consistently exhibited superior predictive accuracy, although this difference was marginal. Conclusions The TREAT-AIS score outperformed existing models, and demonstrated an acceptable discriminatory capacity for distinguishing patients according to sICH risk levels. However, the differences between models were only marginal. Further research incorporating periprocedural and postprocedural factors is required to improve the predictive accuracy.

Background: and Purpose Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) following endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) is a severe complication associated with adverse functional outcomes and increased mortality rates. Currently, a reliable predictive model for sICH risk after EVT is lacking. Methods: This study used data from patients aged ≥20 years who underwent EVT for anterior circulation stroke from the nationwide Taiwan Registry of Endovascular Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke (TREAT-AIS). A predictive model including factors associated with an increased risk of sICH after EVT was developed to differentiate between patients with and without sICH. This model was compared existing predictive models using nationwide registry data to evaluate its relative performance. Results: Of the 2,507 identified patients, 158 developed sICH after EVT. Factors such as diastolic blood pressure, Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score, platelet count, glucose level, collateral score, and successful reperfusion were associated with the risk of sICH after EVT. The TREAT-AIS score demonstrated acceptable predictive accuracy (area under the curve [AUC]=0.694), with higher scores being associated with an increased risk of sICH (odds ratio=2.01 per score increase, 95% confidence interval=1.64–2.45, P<0.001). The discriminatory capacity of the score was similar in patients with symptom onset beyond 6 hours (AUC=0.705). Compared to existing models, the TREAT-AIS score consistently exhibited superior predictive accuracy, although this difference was marginal. Conclusions The TREAT-AIS score outperformed existing models, and demonstrated an acceptable discriminatory capacity for distinguishing patients according to sICH risk levels. However, the differences between models were only marginal. Further research incorporating periprocedural and postprocedural factors is required to improve the predictive accuracy.

Radiation-induced intestinal injury is caused by high dose of radiation in the abdomen and pelvis. The disease is characterized by complicated pathological mechanisms and poses significant challenges to clinical treatment, seriously affecting the quality of life and health of patients. Current treatments in modern medicine offer limited efficacy and are often associated with adverse side effects. Traditional Chinese medicine monomers inhibit inflammatory factors (e.g., tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β) and regulate the antioxidant enzyme system (e.g., improving the activity of superoxide dismutase) to effectively reduce the symptoms of radiation-induced intestinal injury with minimal side effects. Through targeted delivery of nanoparticles, nanotechnology can accurately deliver the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine to damaged intestinal tissues, thus improving their bioavailability and therapeutic effects. This paper reviews the mechanisms of Chinese medicine monomers in the prevention and treatment of radiation-induced intestinal injury and the application of nanotechnology for enhanced efficiency. The paper also discusses the clinical potential of these approaches. These results provide a reference for future research and clinical practice.

Neurodegenerative diseases, originating from irreversible progressive loss of neuronal structure or function, are difficult to diagnose and treat. They vary widely in scope and have poor prevention and prognosis. Therefore, research on their early diagnosis is particularly important. Exosomes are small vesicles of cellular origin that contain various bioactive small molecules, such as proteins, RNAs, and DNAs, and play important roles in intercellular communication. Recent studies have shown that exosomes and their non-coding RNAs are key factors in the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, exosomes and their non-coding RNAs may provide a breakthrough for the early diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases. This review summarizes the biology of exosomes and the current research progress of exosomes and their non-coding RNAs in diagnosing neurodegenerative diseases and further explores the challenges and prospects they face.

Neurodegenerative diseases, originating from irreversible progressive loss of neuronal structure or function, are difficult to diagnose and treat. They vary widely in scope and have poor prevention and prognosis. Therefore, research on their early diagnosis is particularly important. Exosomes are small vesicles of cellular origin that contain various bioactive small molecules, such as proteins, RNAs, and DNAs, and play important roles in intercellular communication. Recent studies have shown that exosomes and their non-coding RNAs are key factors in the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, exosomes and their non-coding RNAs may provide a breakthrough for the early diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases. This review summarizes the biology of exosomes and the current research progress of exosomes and their non-coding RNAs in diagnosing neurodegenerative diseases and further explores the challenges and prospects they face.

PURPOSE: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a major health issue among hip fracture patients. This study aimed to develop an information platform based on a mobile application and then evaluate whether information platform-based nursing could improve patient's drug compliance and reduce the incidence of VTE in hip fracture patients. METHODS: This study retrospectively analyzed hip fracture patients who were treated with conventional prevention and intervention methods for VTE (control group) between January 2008 and November 2012, and prospectively analyzed hip fracture patients who were treated with nursing intervention based on the information platform (study group) between January 2016 and September 2017. All the patients included in the both groups were hip fracture patients who had an age over 50 years, treated with surgery, and hospitalized ≥ 48 h. Patients were excluded if they admitted to hospital due to old fractures, had a severe bleeding after 72 h of admission, diagnosed with any type of VTE, or refused to participate in the study. The information platform was divided into medical, nursing, and patient interface. Based on the information platform, medical practitioners and nurses could perform risk assessments, monitoring management and early warnings, preventions and treatments, health educations, follow-up, and other aspects of nursing interventions for patients. This study compared essential characteristics, drug compliance, VTE occurrence, and mean length of hospitalization between the two groups. Besides, a subgroup analysis was performed in the study group according to different drug compliances. SPSS 18.0 software (IBM Corp., NY, and USA) was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Altogether 1177 patients were included in the control group, and 491 patients in the study group. Regarding baseline data, patients in the study group had more morbidities than those in the control group (p < 0.05). The difference of drug compliance between the two groups was statistically significant (p < 0.001): 761 (64.7%) of the patients in the control group and only 30 (6.1%) patients in the study group had poor drug compliance. In terms of VTE, 10.7% patients (126/1177) in the control group had VTE, and the rate in the study group was 7.1% (35/491), showing a statistically significant difference (p = 0.02). Moreover, the average length of hospitalization in the study group was also significantly lower than that in the control group (10.4 days vs. 13.7 days, p < 0.001). Subgroup analyses of the study group showed that the incidence of VTE in patients with poor, partial, and good compliances were 56.7% (17/30), 5.8% (10/171), and 2.8% (8/290), respectively, revealing a significantly huge difference (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Poor drug compliance leads to higher VTE occurrence. The information platform-based nursing can effectively improve the compliance of hip fracture patients and thus considerably reduce the incidence of VTE. The mobile application may be an effective tool to prevent VTE in hip fracture patients.
Humans ; Middle Aged ; Venous Thromboembolism/epidemiology* ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Hip Fractures/surgery* ; Incidence

ObjectiveTo observe the efficacy and safety of Fuzheng Huayu tablets （FHT） for treating pulmonary inflammation in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 （COVID-19）. MethodA total of 70（4 cases were lost to follow-up, and 66 cases were finally completed） COVID-19 patients were recruited from February 1 to April 15 in 2020. They were assigned to a control group （35 patients） and a FHT group （31 patients）. The patients in the control group received routine treatment alone and those in the FHT group received FHT in addition to routine treatment. The primary outcome was the ratio of patients showing improvement in chest computed tomographic manifestations after 14 days. The secondary outcome measures included remission rate or progression rate of critical illness， clinical remission rate of respiratory symptoms， routine blood examination， C-reactive protein （CPR） level， procalcitonin （PCT） level， and blood oxygen saturation （SPO₂）. The safety was assessed based on liver and kidney functions and adverse events. ResultAfter the 14-day treatment， the ratio of patients showing improvement in the FHT group （100%） was higher than that in the control group （77.1%） （χ²=8.063，P<0.01）. The ratio of disease stages after treatment showed no significant difference between two groups. In the FHT group， the symptoms including cough， dyspnea， and fatigue were alleviated after treatment （P<0.01）. In the control group， the symptoms including fever， cough， and dyspnea were alleviated （P<0.01）， while the fatigue was not relieved after treatment. No significant difference was observed in the clinical symptoms between the two groups after treatment. After treatment， the FHT group showed decreased white blood cell （WBC） count and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio （NLR） （P<0.01）， elevated platelet （PLT） level （P<0.05）， lowered CRP level （P<0.05）， and no significant difference in lymphocyte （LYM）， hemoglobin （Hb）， SPO₂ or PCT level. The control group showed decreased NLR （P<0.05） and WBC count （P<0.01）， elevated PCT level （P<0.05）， and no significant change in LYM， Hb， PLT， SPO₂ or CRP level after treatment. Furthermore， the FHT group had higher PLT level than the control group （P<0.05） after treatment， and other indicators had no significant differences between the two groups. The liver and kidney functions had no significant difference between the two groups after treatment. ConclusionFHT can safely promote the absorption of acute pulmonary inflammation in COVID-19 patients.