This study employed the "disease-medicine-dose" pattern to mine the medication rules of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) prescriptions containing Astragali Radix in ancient Chinese medical books, aiming to provide a scientific basis for the clinical application of Astragali Radix and the development of new medicines. The TCM prescriptions containing Astragali Radix were retrieved from databases such as Chinese Medical Dictionary and imported into Excel 2020 to construct the prescription library. Statical analysis were performed for the prescriptions regarding the indications, syndromes, medicine use frequency, herb effects, nature and taste, meridian tropism, dosage forms, and dose. SPSS statistics 26.0 and IBM SPSS Modeler 18.0 were used for association rules analysis and cluster analysis. A total of 2 297 prescriptions containing Astragali Radix were collected, involving 233 indications, among which sore and ulcer, consumptive disease, sweating disorder, and apoplexy had high frequency(>25), and their syndromes were mainly Qi and blood deficiency, Qi and blood deficiency, Yin and Yang deficiency, and Qi deficiency and collateral obstruction, respectively. In the prescriptions, 98 medicines were used with the frequency >25 and they mainly included Qi-tonifying medicines and blood-tonifying medicines. Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Angelicae Sinensis Radix, Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, and Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium were frequently used. The medicines with high frequency mainly have warm or cold nature, and sweet, pungent, or bitter taste, with tropism to spleen, lung, heart, liver, and kidney meridians. In the treatment of sore and ulcer, Astragali Radix was mainly used with the dose of 3.73 g and combined with Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma to promote granulation and heal up sores. In the treatment of consumptive disease, Astragali Radix was mainly used with the dose of 37.30 g and combined with Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma to tonify deficiency and replenish Qi. In the treatment of sweating disorder, Astragali Radix was mainly used with the dose of 3.73 g and combined with Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma to consolidate exterior and stop sweating. In the treatment of apoplexy, Astragali Radix was mainly used with the dose of 7.46 g and combined with Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma to dispell wind and stop convulsions. Astragali Radix can be used in the treatment of multiple system diseases, with the effects of tonifying Qi and ascending Yang, consolidating exterior and stopping sweating, and expressing toxin and promoting granulation. According to the manifestations of different diseases, when combined with other medicines, Astragali Radix was endowed with the effects of promoting granulation and healing up sores, tonifying deficiency and Qi, consolidating exterior and stopping sweating, and dispelling wind and replenishing Qi. The findings provide a theoretical reference and a scientific basis for the clinical application of Astragali Radix and the development of new medicines.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal/history* ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional/history* ; History, Ancient ; Astragalus Plant/chemistry* ; China ; Astragalus propinquus

This study aimed to explore the therapeutic mechanisms of Colquhounia Root Tablets(CRT) in treating diabetic kidney disease(DKD) by integrating biomolecular network mining with animal model verification. By analyzing clinical transcriptomics data, an interaction network was constructed between candidate targets of CRT and DKD-related genes. Based on the topological eigenvalues of network nodes, 101 core network targets of CRT against DKD were identified. These targets were found to be closely related to multiple pathways associated with type 2 diabetes, immune response, and metabolic reprogramming. Given that immune-inflammatory imbalance driven by metabolic reprogramming is one of the key pathogenic mechanisms of DKD, and that many core network targets of CRT are involved in this pathological process, receptor for advanced glycation end products(RAGE)-reactive oxygen species(ROS)-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)-protein kinase B(AKT)-nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)-NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3(NLRP3) signaling axis was selected as a candidate target for in-depth research. Further, a rat model of DKD induced by a high-sugar, high-fat diet and streptozotocin was established to evaluate the pharmacological effects of CRT and verify the expression of related targets. The experimental results showed that CRT could effectively correct metabolic disturbances in DKD, restore immune-inflammatory balance, and improve renal function and its pathological changes by inhibiting the activation of the RAGE-ROS-PI3K-AKT-NF-κB-NLRP3 signaling axis. In conclusion, this study reveals that CRT alleviates the progression of DKD through dual regulation of metabolic reprogramming and immune-inflammatory responses, providing strong experimental evidence for its clinical application in DKD.
Animals ; Diabetic Nephropathies/metabolism* ; Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products/genetics* ; NF-kappa B/genetics* ; Signal Transduction/drug effects* ; Rats ; NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein/genetics* ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/genetics* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage* ; Male ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/genetics* ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism* ; Humans ; Plant Roots/chemistry* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tablets/administration & dosage*

Medical institutions, with their clinical practice foundation and abundant human use experience data, have become important carriers for the inheritance and innovation of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) and the "cradles" of the preparation of new TCM. To effectively promote the transformation of new TCM originating from the TCM clinical practice in medical institutions and establish an effective evaluation index system for the transformation of new TCM conforming to the characteristics of TCM, consensus experts adopted the literature research, questionnaire survey, Delphi method, etc. By focusing on the policy and technical evaluation of new TCM originating from the TCM clinical practice in medical institutions, a comprehensive evaluation from the dimensions of drug safety, efficacy, feasibility, and characteristic advantages was conducted, thus forming a comprehensive evaluation system with four primary indicators and 37 secondary indicators. The expert consensus reached aims to encourage medical institutions at all levels to continuously improve the high-quality research and development and transformation of new TCM originating from the TCM clinical practice in medical institutions and targeted at clinical needs, so as to provide a decision-making basis for the preparation, selection, cultivation, and transformation of new TCM for medical institutions, improve the development efficiency of new TCM, and precisely respond to the public medication needs.
Medicine, Chinese Traditional/standards* ; Humans ; Consensus ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

The chemical constituents from Cephalotaxus lanceolata were isolated and purified by using multiple chromatographic techniques, including octadecylsilane(ODS), silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, and semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). A total of 17 compounds obtained were identified by using spectroscopic methods such as nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR), mass spectrometry(MS), and ultraviolet(UV) combined with literature data. Compound 1 was a new alkaloid dimer, named cephalancetine E. The known compounds were determined as cephalancetine A(2), 11-hydroxycephalotaxine(3), 4-hydroxycephalotaxine(4), cephalotaxine(5), epicephalotaxine(6), cephalotaxine β-N-oxide(7), acetylcephalotaxine(8), cephalotine A(9), cephalotine B(10), 11-hydroxycephalotaxine hemiketal(11), 3-deoxy-3,11-epoxy-cephalotaxine(12), cephalotaxinone(13), isocephalotaxinone(14), 2,11-epoxy-1,2-dihydro-8-oxo-cephalotaxine(15), cephalotaxamide(16), and drupacine(17), respectively. Compounds 11, 12, and 15 were isolated from the Cephalotaxus genus for the first time. The biological activity was tested for compounds 1-17. The results reveal that compound 17 displays potent inhibitory activities against three human cancer cell lines(HepG-2, MCF-7, and SH-SY5Y).
Cephalotaxus/chemistry* ; Humans ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; Harringtonines/pharmacology* ; Molecular Structure ; Dimerization ; Alkaloids/isolation & purification* ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

In recent years, the study of single-cell transcriptome sequencing technology in the heterogeneity of astrocytes (astrocytes) after spinal cord injury (SCI) has provided new perspectives on post-traumatic nerve regeneration and repair. To provide a review on the research progress of single-cell sequencing technology in astrocytes after spinal cord injury (SCI), and to more comprehensively and deeply elaborate the application of single-cell sequencing technology in the field of astrocytes after SCI. Single-cell sequencing technology can analyse the transcriptomes of individual cells in a high-throughput manner, thus revealing fine differences in cell types and states. By using single-cell sequencing technology, the heterogeneity of astrocytes after SCI and their association with nerve regeneration and repair were revealed. In conclusion, the application of single-cell sequencing technology provides an important tool to reveal the heterogeneity of astrocytes after SCI, to further explore the mechanisms of astrocytes in SCI, and to develop intervention strategies targeting their regulatory mechanisms in order to improve the therapeutic efficacy of SCI. The discovery of changes in astrocyte transcriptome dynamics has improved researchers' understanding of spinal cord injury lesion progression and provided new insights into the treatment of spinal cord injury at different time points. To date, all of these findings need to be validated by more basic research and sufficient clinical trials. In the future, single-cell sequencing technology, through interdisciplinary collaboration with bioinformatics, computer science, tissue engineering, and clinical medicine, is expected to open a new window for the treatment of spinal cord injury.
Spinal Cord Injuries/metabolism* ; Astrocytes/cytology* ; Single-Cell Analysis/methods* ; Humans ; Animals ; Transcriptome ; Nerve Regeneration

OBJECTIVE: To block family transmission of a small fragment copy number variation (CNV) with combined 1 Mb resolution preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) and target region preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic disease (PGT-M) strategies. METHODS: A couple who attended the Reproductive and Genetic Medicine Center of Dalian Women and Children's Medical Center (Group) in 2024 were selected as the study subject. Upon the woman's two pregnancies, ultrasound examination revealed fetal abnormalities, and CNV-seq based on low-depth whole genome sequencing revealed that both fetuses had carried a maternal 17p12 microduplication of approximately 1.43 Mb. Microduplication in this region has been associated with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A. In view of the fact that the resolution of conventional PGT-A detection cannot meet the requirement of small fragment CNV analysis, and conventional PGT-M assay cannot directly determine the CNV, two detection schemes were adopted. On the one hand, PGT-A testing with 1 Mb resolution was performed on the embryo to directly determine whether it carries the above microduplication. At the same time, the couple and their fetus were subjected to chromosomal typing scheme for the 17p12 region to indirectly identify embryos carrying the risk chromosome for microduplication. This study has been approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the Hospital (Ethics No: FEJT-KY-2025-51). RESULTS: Three embryos were tested after the first PGT cycle, of which 1 was not carrying the pathogenic variant and was euploid, whilst the other 2 embryos were carrying the 17p12 microduplication, and 1 of them was aneuploid. After genetic counseling, the euploid embryo without the 17p12 microduplication was selected for transfer, and prenatal diagnosis based on amniotic fluid sample showed that the fetal chromosomal karyotype was normal and did not carry the 17p12 microduplication. CONCLUSION The combined application of high-resolution PGT-A and PGT-M typing detection of the target region can effectively block family transmission of the CNVs of small fragments.
Humans ; Female ; DNA Copy Number Variations/genetics* ; Preimplantation Diagnosis/methods* ; Pregnancy ; Pedigree ; Genetic Testing/methods* ; Male ; Adult ; Aneuploidy ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17/genetics* ; China ; East Asian People

In recent years, cancer treatment methods and means are becoming more and more diversified, and single treatment methods often have limited efficacy, while the synergistic effect of immunity combined with chemotherapy can inhibit tumor growth more effectively. Based on this, we constructed a sodium alginate hydrogel composite system loaded with chemotherapeutic agents and tumor vaccines (named SA-DOX-NA) with a view to the combined use of chemotherapeutic agents and tumor vaccines. Firstly, the tumor vaccine (named NA) degradable under acidic conditions was constructed by in situ polymerization using chicken ovalbumin (OVA), acrylamide (AAM) and 2-(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) monomer. Then a hydrogel composite system SA-DOX-NA co-loaded with chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin (DOX) and NA was prepared using sodium alginate as a matrix. The results showed that SA-DOX-NA had good in situ gel-forming ability and formed a mesh structure that could realize the co-loading of DOX and NA as well as the slow drug release. The electron microscopy results showed that SA-DOX-NA had good in situ gel-forming ability with good internal connectivity, and the three-dimensional mesh structure could realize the co-loading of DOX and NA as well as the slow drug release. The antitumor and immunomodulatory results showed that SA-DOX-NA both effectively inhibited the growth of tumor cells and efficiently promoted the proliferation and activation of DC2.4 dendritic cells without additional adjuvant. In summary, SA-DOX-NA exerts the dual efficacy of chemotherapy and immunotherapy for tumor treatment, and has a good application prospect in local tumor treatment.

Objective:To block family transmission of a small fragment copy number variation (CNV) with combined 1 Mb resolution preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) and target region preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic disease (PGT-M) strategies.Methods:A couple who attended the Reproductive and Genetic Medicine Center of Dalian Women and Children′s Medical Center (Group) in 2024 were selected as the study subject. Upon the woman′s two pregnancies, ultrasound examination revealed fetal abnormalities, and CNV-seq based on low-depth whole genome sequencing revealed that both fetuses had carried a maternal 17p12 microduplication of approximately 1.43 Mb. Microduplication in this region has been associated with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A. In view of the fact that the resolution of conventional PGT-A detection cannot meet the requirement of small fragment CNV analysis, and conventional PGT-M assay cannot directly determine the CNV, two detection schemes were adopted. On the one hand, PGT-A testing with 1 Mb resolution was performed on the embryo to directly determine whether it carries the above microduplication. At the same time, the couple and their fetus were subjected to chromosomal typing scheme for the 17p12 region to indirectly identify embryos carrying the risk chromosome for microduplication. This study has been approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the Hospital (Ethics No: FEJT-KY-2025-51).Results:Three embryos were tested after the first PGT cycle, of which 1 was not carrying the pathogenic variant and was euploid, whilst the other 2 embryos were carrying the 17p12 microduplication, and 1 of them was aneuploid. After genetic counseling, the euploid embryo without the 17p12 microduplication was selected for transfer, and prenatal diagnosis based on amniotic fluid sample showed that the fetal chromosomal karyotype was normal and did not carry the 17p12 microduplication.Conclusion:The combined application of high-resolution PGT-A and PGT-M typing detection of the target region can effectively block family transmission of the CNVs of small fragments.

Objective To compare the therapeutic efficacy of a self-locking zero-notch interbody fusion device for long-segment cervical spondylosis in elderly patients with traditional titanium plate combined with interbody fusion device.Methods From Jan 2019 to Jan 2021,elderly patients(>60 years)with 3-4 segments(C3-C7)radiculopathy,myelopathy,or mixed-type cervical spondylosis underwent anterior cervical discectomy and fusion(ACDF)using a zero-notch interbody fusion device(Group A,n=24)and ACDF using a titanium plate combined with an interbody fusion device(Group B,n=18).We recorded the surgery duration,blood loss,incision length and hospital stay,measure preoperative and postoperative intervertebral height,functional segment height and cervical lordosis,and also observe treatment outcomes and postoperative complications between the two groups.Results There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of gender,age,Japanese Orthopaedic Association(JOA)score,visual analogue scale(VAS)of upper limb,Neck Disability Index(NDI),preoperative intervertebral height,functional segment height and cervical lordosis.Blood loss,surgery time and hospital stay were similar in both groups,but Group A had shorter incision length(P<0.01)compared with Group B.There were no significant differences between the two groups in JOA scores,upper limb VAS and postoperative NDI,and even in postoperative intervertebral height,functional segment height and cervical lordosis recovery.Conclusion The zero-notch interbody fusion device is effective for treating long-segment cervical spondylosis.Compared with the traditional titanium plate combined with an interbody fusion device,it can avoid postoperative dysphagia with smaller incision and shorter surgery time,which makes it more suitable for elderly patients.

Catechol(CC)is a highly toxic phenolic pollutant,and its sensitive detection holds significant importance for environmental monitoring.Herein,graphene was used as a template to prepare graphdiyne/graphene(GDY/GR)heterogeneous materials,serving as high-performance electrochemical sensing materials for CC determination.GR played the role of an epitaxial template during the growth of GDY.The electrochemical experiment results demonstrated that the glassy carbon electrode(GCE)modified with GDY/GR showed excellent electrochemical response to CC,with a wide linear detection range(1-900 μmol/L)and a low detection limit(0.11 μmol/L).Meanwhile,GDY/GR/GCE also exhibited good anti-interference ability,stability and reproducibility.More importantly,the practicality of GDY/GR/GCE was evaluated and satisfactory results were obtained in actual water samples,which showed significant potential for practical applications in environmental monitoring.