Under the background of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, together with 15 national ministries and commissions, has formulated the Implementation Plan on Establishing a Carbon Footprint Management System, and it is urgent for traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) pharmaceutical enterprises to carry out research on carbon footprint accounting methods of related products. Based on the life cycle assessment(LCA) theory, taking mulberry leaf extract produced by a certain enterprise as an example, this study analyzed the carbon footprint of TCM extracts during the life cycle. The results show that for every 1 kg of product produced, the carbon emissions from the stages of raw material acquisition, transportation, and extract production are-20.569, 1.205, and 173.577 kgCO_2eq(CO_2 equivalent), respectively. The carbon footprint of the product is 154.213 kgCO_2eq·kg~(-1). In addition, the carbon emission is the highest in the production stage, in which the consumption of ethanol solvents makes the greatest contribution to the carbon footprint, accounting for 25.71%, more than one-fourth of the total carbon footprint. The second contribution was from the treatment process of TCM residues, accounting for 19.67%, closely followed by wastewater treatment(17.71%), the consumption of hot steam(17.43%), and drinking water(16.90%). The consumption of electric power and packaging materials has a smaller carbon emission of 2.58%. In particular, the carbon emission caused by the consumption of packaging materials is only 0.04%, which is negligible. The results of the study are expected to provide a reference for TCM enterprises to carry out research on the carbon footprint of products, offer ideas for collaborative innovation in reducing pollution and carbon emissions throughout the entire industry chain of TCM, and develop new quality productivity of modern TCM industry based on green and low-carbon manufacturing.
Morus/chemistry* ; Plant Leaves/chemistry* ; Carbon Footprint ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry* ; Plant Extracts/analysis* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

Aromatic immunity in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) is the medical knowledge accumulated in the process of people's struggling with diseases. It plays an important role in plague prevention, disease treatment, health preservation, and rehabilitation, and has profound TCM basic theoretical support and abundant modern scientific evidence. With the in-depth promotion of the Healthy China initiative and the succession of health needs in the post-COVID-19 era, how to practice the health concept of aromatic immunity in TCM and develop its health service resources with high quality has become an important proposition to be discussed urgently. This paper summarizes the cognitive process, puts forward the basic concept, discusses the scientific connotation and clinical application value, and looks forward to the future development trend of aromatic immunity in TCM, aiming to provide guidance for the development of great health products and promote the application of aromatic immunity in TCM in serving people's health.
Medicine, Chinese Traditional/methods* ; Humans ; COVID-19/immunology* ; China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; SARS-CoV-2

To explore the variation laws of volatile oil during the extraction process of Artemisiae Argyi Folium and its impact on the quality of the medicinal solution, as well as to achieve precise control of the extraction process, this study employed headspace solid phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(HS-SPME-GC-MS) in combination with multiple light scattering techniques to conduct a comprehensive analysis, identification, and characterization of the changes in volatile components and the physical properties of the medicinal solution during the extraction process. A total of 82 volatile compounds were identified using the HS-SPME-GC-MS technique, including 21 alcohols, 15 alkenes, 14 ketones, 9 acids, 6 aldehydes, 5 phenols, 3 esters, and 9 other types of compounds. At different extraction time points(15, 30, 45, and 60 min), 71, 72, 64, and 44 compounds were identified in the medicinal solution, respectively. It was observed that the content of volatile components gradually decreased with the extension of extraction time. Through multivariate statistical analysis, four compounds with significant differences during different extraction time intervals were identified, namely 1,8-cineole, terpinen-4-ol, 3-octanone, and camphor. RESULTS:: from multiple light scattering techniques indicated that at 15 minutes of extraction, the transmittance of the medicinal solution was the lowest(25%), the particle size was the largest(0.325-0.350 nm), and the stability index(turbiscan stability index, TSI) was the highest(0-2.5). With the extension of extraction time, the light transmittance of the medicinal solution improved, stability was enhanced, and the particle size decreased. These laws of physicochemical property changes provide important basis for the control of Artemisiae Argyi Folium extraction process. In addition, the changes in the bioactivity of Artemisiae Argyi Folium extracts during the extraction process were investigated through mouse writhing tests and antimicrobial assays. The results indicated that the analgesic and antimicrobial effects of the medicinal solution were strongest at the 15-minute extracting point. In summary, the findings of this study demonstrate that the content of volatile oil in Artemisiae Argyi Folium extracts gradually decreases with the extension of extraction time, and the variation in volatile oil content directly influences the physicochemical properties and pharmacological efficacy of the medicinal solution. This discovery provides important scientific reference for the optimization of Artemisiae Argyi Folium extraction processes and the development and application of process analytical technologies.
Oils, Volatile/pharmacology* ; Artemisia/chemistry* ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; Chlorogenic Acid/pharmacology* ; Solid Phase Microextraction ; Quality Control

S100 calc-binding protein A8/A9(S100A8/A9)can induce the migration of primary tumor cells to distant target organs by binding multiple channel proteins,promote the formation of tumor metastasis microenvironment,and play an important role in the immune and inflammatory response of the body.It provides a new target and idea for the prevention and treatment of tumor metastasis and invasion.This paper mainly reviewed the expression and mechanism of S100A8/A9 on related channel proteins in a variety of high incidence tumors,in order to provide a new strategy for tumor prevention,diagnosis and treatment.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of Yiqi tongmai formula on atherosclerosis （AS） in ApoE－/－ mice and its mechanism. METHODS Forty ApoE－/－ mice were randomly divided into model group， positive control group [atorvastatin calcium， 2.6 mg/（kg·d）]， and low-dose， medium-dose and high-dose groups of Yiqi tongmai formula [0.46， 0.91， 1.82 g/（kg·d）， by raw material]， with 8 mice in each group. Eight C57BL/6J mice were selected as the normal group. Except for the normal group， the other groups were given a high-lipid diet and relevant drug or normal saline intragastrically， once a day， for 12 consecutive weeks. After the last medication， the serum levels of total cholesterol （TC）， triglyceride （TG）， low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C） and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C） as well as the contents of tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， interleukin-1β （IL-1β） and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 （MCP-1） were measured in mice. The proportion of aortic plaque area in each group of mice was detected and calculated， and the pathological morphological changes of the aortic sinus were observed； the protein phosphorylation levels of aortic phosphoinositide 3-kinase （PI3K）， protein kinase B （aka Akt） and mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR） were examined. RESULTS Compared with the model group， the serum levels of TC， TG and LDL-C and the contents of TNF-α， IL-1β and MCP-1 （including low-dose group） were decreased significantly in medium-dose and high-dose groups of Yiqi tongmai formula， while the content of HDL-C in high-dose group was increased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）； aortic plaques of the mice were reduced in Yiqi tongmai formula groups to different extents， and pathological changes such as lipid deposition and inflammatory cell infiltration were relieved to different extents； the proportion of aortic plaque area， the protein phosphorylation levels of PI3K， Akt and mTOR in aortic tissue were significantly reduced in medium-dose and high-dose groups of Yiqi tongmai formula （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS Yiqi tongmai formula can improve lipid metabolism， reduce inflammatory response， and delay plaque development in AS mice. Its effect may be related to the inhibition of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway activation.

In the past few decades, microbubbles were widely used as ultrasound contrast agents in the field of tumor imaging. With the development of research, ultrasound targeted microbubble destruction technology combined with drug-loaded microbubbles can achieve precise drug release and play a therapeutic role. As a micron-scale carrier, microbubbles are difficult to penetrate the endothelial cell space of tumors, and nano-scale drug delivery system—nanobubbles came into being. The structure of the two is similar, but the difference in size highlights the unique advantages of nanobubbles in drug delivery. Based on the classification principle of shell materials, this review summarized micro/nanobubbles used for ultrasound diagnosis or treatment and discussed the possible development directions, providing references for the subsequent development.

Based on the strategy of metabolomics combined with bioinformatics, this study analyzed the potential allergens and mechanism of pseudo-allergic reactions (PARs) induced by the combined use of Reduning injection and penicillin G injection. All animal experiments and welfare are in accordance with the requirements of the First Affiliated Experimental Animal Ethics and Animal Welfare Committee of Henan University of Chinese Medicine (approval number: YFYDW2020002). Based on UPLC-Q-TOF/MS technology combined with UNIFI software, a total of 21 compounds were identified in Reduning and penicillin G mixed injection. Based on molecular docking technology, 10 potential allergens with strong binding activity to MrgprX2 agonist sites were further screened. Metabolomics analysis using UPLC-Q-TOF/MS technology revealed that 34 differential metabolites such as arachidonic acid, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, prostaglandins, and leukotrienes were endogenous differential metabolites of PARs caused by combined use of Reduning injection and penicillin G injection. Through the analysis of the "potential allergen-target-endogenous differential metabolite" interaction network, the chlorogenic acids (such as chlorogenic acid, neochlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, and isochlorogenic acid A) and β-lactam allergens in the combination of the two may be mainly regulated by PLD1, PLA2G12A and CYP1A1. The three upstream signal target proteins mainly activate the arachidonic acid metabolic pathway, promote the degranulation of mast cells, release downstream endogenous inflammatory mediators, and induce PARs.

Objective To explore the standardized process and method of atrial septum puncture(ASP)in swine guided by X-ray fluoroscopy and make ASP more safe and effective.Methods ASP was performed in 48 Pudong swines guided by X-ray fluoroscopy.Three protocols for precise location of atrial septal puncture points were recommended.(1)Site of atrial septal puncture point in cranial-caudal direction was determined under posterior-anterior projection,which was confined to the cranial side of the coronary sinus(CS)orifice at a distance of 1 cone body height along the midline of spine.(2)With 10° intervals,the fluoroscopy of the CS catheter was completed according to the right anterior oblique 10°～60° and the left anterior oblique 10°～60°,and the connection line of the CS 5-6 and 7-8 electrodes was perpendicular to the oval fossa,so as to confirm the perspective angle of the CS 5-6 and 7-8 electrodes in the same straight line.(3)The arch feature of puncture needle and distal part of sheath turned into a straight line under the perspective angle,of which the CS 5-6 and 7-8 electrodes were in the same straight line.Results ASP was successfully performed in 48 Pudong swines without any complications.Echocardiography showed left to right shunt through atrial septum after ASP.The average time of ASP was(25.7±11.5)minutes,the average X-ray exposure time is(14.0±3.4)min and the average radiation dose was(47.6±20.2)Gmy.Conclusions Using the coronal sinus electrode as a reference,atrial septal puncture in swine guided by X-ray fluoroscopy was safe and reliable.

Here,5 important pathogens carried by ticks in Maanshan City,Anhui Province,China were identified.In to-tal,642 ticks were collected from 13 villages around Maanshan City and identified by morphological and mitochondrial COI genes.The 16S rRNA gene of Francisella tularensis,ssrA gene of Bartonella,16S rRNA,ompA and ompB genes of Rickett-sia,16S rRNA and gltA genes of Anaplasma,and groEL and rpoB genes of Coxiella were sequenced.Reference sequences were retrieved from a public database.Phylogenetic trees were constructed with MEG A1 1.0 software.In total,36 Rickettsiae isolates were detected in 640 Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks,which included 20 isolates of Rickettsia heilongjian-gensis,16 of Candidatus Rickettsia jingxinensis,2 of Ana-plasma bovis,and 186 of Coxiella-like endosymbiont.R.hei-longjiangensis HY2 detected in this study and Anhui B8 strain,Ca.R.jingxinensis QL3 and those from Shanxi Prov-ince and Jiangsu Province,A.bovis JX4 and those from Shanxi Province were clustered on the same branch.Overall,17 ticks had combined infections and none of the 5 bacteria were detected in two Amblyomma testudinarium ticks.This is the first report of Ca.R.jingxinensis detected in H.longicornis ticks from Anhui Province.It is recommended that the two types of Rickettsia that cause spotted fever and A.bovis should be reported to local health authorities to initiate appropriate prevention and control measures.

"Rooted in agriculture,rural areas,and farmers;Focused on integration"is an important gripper for Henan College of Animal Husbandry Economics to serve the development of regional agricul-ture and animal husbandry industries for high-level application-oriented universities.The courses of bio-chemistry and molecular biology are the foundational courses for agricultural majors in our school,and are an important carrier for the integration of science and technology in the construction of new agricultural science.In order to achieve the ideological and political goals of the curriculum under the background of the new agricultural curriculum,the course team has built a training platform for students'"agriculture,rural areas,and farmers"sentiments from the aspects of disciplinary development history,practical appli-cation of agriculture,rural areas,alumni excellent cases,ecological civilization,professional ethics,and bioethics through the condensation of ideological and political cases;In the arrangements of ideological and political cases and practical project,industry development,agriculture,rural areas,teacher re-search,school enterprise cooperation projects,and student independent innovation projects were connect-ed and integrated to establish a"fusion"platform for student knowledge application,thereby achieving the sentiment cultivation of students'"rooted in agriculture,rural areas,and farmers"and the enhance-ment of their integration capability.During the teaching process,blended online and offline teaching was applied to transform single classroom teaching into full cycle participation in talent cultivation.By integra-ting ideological and political elements into online tasks before class and teaching in the"six stages"of class and the second classroom after class,ideological and political goals were achieved through challeng-ing,advanced,and innovative knowledge applications.Through curriculum reform,the employment rate of students in the frontline of agriculture,rural areas,and farmers has significantly increased,and their ability to solve the problems of agriculture,rural areas and farmers through disciplinary integration has been effectively improved.This has successfully enhanced their awareness of serving agriculture,rural ar-eas,and farmers,strengthened their professional thinking,and stimulated their endogenous motivation to use curriculum knowledge in practice.