Hearing loss is the most prevalent disabling disease. Cochlear implantation（CI） serves as the primary intervention for severe to profound hearing loss. This consensus systematically explores the value of genetic diagnosis in the pre-operative assessment and efficacy prognosis for CI. Drawing upon domestic and international research and clinical experience, it proposes an evidence-based medicine three-tiered prognostic classification system（Favorable, Marginal, Poor）. The consensus focuses on common hereditary non-syndromic hearing loss（such as that caused by mutations in genes like GJB2, SLC26A4, OTOF, LOXHD1） and syndromic hereditary hearing loss（such as Jervell & Lange-Nielsen syndrome and Waardenburg syndrome）, which are closely associated with congenital hearing loss, analyzing the impact of their pathological mechanisms on CI outcomes. The consensus provides recommendations based on multiple round of expert discussion and voting. It emphasizes that genetic diagnosis can optimize patient selection, predict prognosis, guide post-operative rehabilitation, offer stratified management strategies for patients with different genotypes, and advance the application of precision medicine in the field of CI.
Humans ; Cochlear Implantation ; Prognosis ; Hearing Loss/surgery* ; Consensus ; Connexin 26 ; Mutation ; Sulfate Transporters ; Connexins/genetics*

In view of the few studies on the influence of Armillaria spp. infection on the content of the chemical components in different parts of Polyporus umbellatus sclerotia, this study determined the biomass of P. umbellatus sclerotia and the contents of ergosterol, polyporusterone A, polyporusterone B and polysaccharide in the separated cavity wall of the sclerotia and the uninfected part of the sclerotia in different harvesting years under the conditions of A. gallica and A. mellea infection respectively. According to the difference of content and dynamic changes of the polysaccharide and the steroid substances, the superior Armillaria sp. was screened to obtain the best harvest years of P. umbellatus. Using HPLC and UV-VIS spectrophotometry methods, the contents of ergosterol, polyporusterone A, polyporusterone B and polysaccharide in P. umbellatus sclerotia infected by the two Armillaria spp. in different years were determined. In addition, the differentially expressed genes related to P. umbellatus polysaccharide synthesis were screened according to the transcriptomic data of different parts of P. umbellatus after A. mellea infection. With the increase of years, the biomass of sclerotia infected by different Armillaria spp. had significant differences, and there were significant differences in the four components of sclerotia. The four components of the separated cavity wall of the sclerotia were significantly higher than those of the uninfected part. The best harvest time was the third year after cultivation. Transcriptomic analysis showed that the infection of Armillaria spp. could significantly promote polysaccharide synthesis, which provided a basis for polysaccharide content determination at the molecular level. The study clarified the influence of different Armillaria spp. infection on the accumulation of chemical components of P. umbellatus sclerotia, laying a foundation for exploring the symbiosis mechanism and provided a scientific clue for screening superior Armillaria sp. and guiding the artificial cultivation of P. umbellatus sclerotia.

This paper explored the specific mechanism of ginsenoside Rg_1 in regulating mitochondrial fusion through the neurogenic gene Notch homologous protein 1(Notch1) pathway to alleviate hypoxia/reoxygenation(H/R) injury in HL-1 cells. The relative viability of HL-1 cells after six hours of hypoxia and two hours of reoxygenation was detected by cell counting kit-8(CCK-8). The lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) activity in the cell supernatant was detected by the lactate substrate method. The content of adenosine triphosphate(ATP) was detected by the luciferin method. Fluorescence probes were used to detect intracellular reactive oxygen species(Cyto-ROS) levels and mitochondrial membrane potential(ΔΨ_m). Mito-Tracker and Actin were co-imaged to detect the number of mitochondria in cells. Fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression levels of Notch1, mitochondrial fusion protein 2(Mfn2), and mitochondrial fusion protein 1(Mfn1). The results showed that compared with that of the control group, the cell activity of the model group decreased, and the LDH released into the cell culture supernatant increased. The level of Cyto-ROS increased, and the content of ATP decreased. Compared with that of the model group, the cell activity of the ginsenoside Rg_1 group increased, and the LDH released into the cell culture supernatant decreased. The level of Cyto-ROS decreased, and the ATP content increased. Ginsenoside Rg_1 elevated ΔΨ_m and increased mitochondrial quantity in HL-1 cells with H/R injury and had good protection for mitochondria. After H/R injury, the mRNA and protein expression levels of Notch1 and Mfn1 decreased, while the mRNA and protein expression levels of Mfn2 increased. Ginsenoside Rg_1 increased the mRNA and protein levels of Notch1 and Mfn1, and decreased the mRNA and protein levels of Mfn2. Silencing Notch1 inhibited the action of ginsenoside Rg_1, decreased the mRNA and protein levels of Notch1 and Mfn1, and increased the mRNA and protein levels of Mfn2. In summary, ginsenoside Rg_1 regulated mitochondrial fusion through the Notch1 pathway to alleviate H/R injury in HL-1 cells.
Ginsenosides/pharmacology* ; Receptor, Notch1/genetics* ; Signal Transduction/drug effects* ; Mice ; Animals ; Mitochondrial Dynamics/drug effects* ; Mitochondria/metabolism* ; Cell Line ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism* ; Oxygen/metabolism* ; Cell Hypoxia/drug effects* ; Cell Survival/drug effects* ; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial/drug effects* ; Humans

Objective To investigate the population composition,seasonal dynamics,and infestation levels of cockroaches in Lanzhou,China,and to provide information for the scientific development of cockroach control strategies.Methods Monitoring was conducted at three locations using the sticky trap method.Habitats included farm product markets,catering establishments,hotels,hospitals,and residential areas.Results From 2016 to 2023,the average cockroach density was 0.77 insects per board,with an average infestation rate of 10.84%.Blattella germanica was the dominant species.Seasonal density of cockroaches showed an approximately unimodal distribution,peaking in September.The highest average density and infestation rates were observed in farm product markets.Conclusions Cockroach density and infestation levels in Lanzhou remained relatively low.A comprehensive prevention and control strategy focusing on environmental management in key areas should be implemented according to the seasonal fluctuations.

Objective:To analyze intestinal microecological differences and their correlation with psychological status in patients with constipated irritable bowel syndrome(IBS-C)and functional constipation(FC).Methods:A total of 160 patients with IBS-C and FC attending the outpatient and inpatient departments of the Department of Gastroenterology at the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University from January 2021 to January 2024 were selected and grouped according to the type of disease into the IBS-C group(80 patients)and the FC group(80 patients),and 80 patients who had a health checkup during the same period were selected as the control group.Fresh fecal specimens were taken from all subjects,and 16S rRNA sequencing was used to detect the intestinal flora,and the indices of intestinal microecological diversity(Ace index,Chao index,Shannon index,and Sobs index)were detected,and the psychological state of the subjects was assessed by using the Self-Assessment Scale for Anxiety(SAS)and the Self-Depression Scale(SDS).Pearson's correlation method was used to analyze the correlation between intestinal microecology and correlation with psychological state in IBS-C and FC patients.Result:Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus levels were lower in both the FC and IBS-C groups compared with the control group,and the decrease was more pronounced in the IBS-C group(P＜0.05).Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococci contents were higher in patients in the FC and IBS-C groups(P＜0.05),with the greatest increase in the IBS-C group(P＜0.05);Microbial diversity analysis showed that there were differences in Ace,Chao,Shannon and Sobs indices among the three groups(P＜0.05).All diversity indices were lower in the FC and IBS-C groups than in the control group,and the degree of reduction was more pronounced in the IBS-C group than in the FC group(P＜0.05);The SAS and SDS scores of both FC and IBS-C groups were higher than those of the control group,and the scores of the IBS-C group were higher than those of the FC group(P＜0.05);correlation analysis showed that,in the IBS-C and FC groups,Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus,Ace index,Chao index,Shannon index,and Sobs index were negatively correlated with SAS and SDS scores.Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococci were positively correlated with SAS and SDS scores(P＜0.05).Conclusion:There are possible differences in the gut microbiota between IBS-C and FC patients.The imbalance of gut microbiota is more significant in IBS-C patients,and gut microbiota is closely related to psychological status.Clinical treatment of IBS-C and FC should pay attention to the regulation of gut microbiota and intervention of psychological status.

This study aims to investigate the effects of aflatoxin B1(AFB1)on the infection and replication of porcine delta coronavirus(PDCoV).Porcine small intestinal epithelial cells(IPEC-J2),porcine kidney cells(LLC-PK)and swine testis cells(ST)were used as models,and CCK-8 method was used to detect the safe mass concentration range of AFB1 on the three cell lines.Each cell line was divided into the blank control group,AFB1 treatment group,PDCoV treatment group and AFB1 and the PDCoV co-treatment group.The cells were treated with safe mass concentration of AFB1 for 12 h,and then treated with PDCoV for 20 h.Total RNA and total protein were extrac-ted from the cells.The effects of AFB1 on PDCoV infection and replication were detected by qPCR,Western blot and cell immunofluorescence tests.The results showed that compared with the PDCoV treatment group,the mRNA and N protein of viral S protein in the AFB1 and PDCoV co-treatment group were significantly increased(P＜0.05),and a significantly higher fluorescence of PDCoV N protein is also visibly present in the co-treatment group,and there was a significant difference between the two groups.The results showed that AFB1 could promote the infection and replication of PDCoV.It provides important data that AFB1 can promote the infection replication of PDCoV and provides a new idea for the prevention and treatment of PDCoV.

Objective To investigate the value of fractional-order calculus(FROC)and continuous-time random-walk(CTRW)diffusion models based on readout segmentation of long variable echo-trains(RESOLVE)in identifying benign and malignant lesions in the head and neck.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 61 patients pathologically confirmed head and neck lesions,including 19 benign lesions(BL)and 42 malignant lesions(ML).The ML were further divided into a lymphoma subgroup(LS)with 9 cases(14 lesions)and a non-lymphoma malignant lesion subgroup(MLS)with 33 cases.The parameters of DFROC,βFROC,μFROC,DCTRW,αCTRW and βCTRW were obtained from the two diffusion models;Independent sample t-tests or U tests were used to compare the differences in each parameter between benign and malignant groups and among various subgroups,and the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to analyze the diagnostic efficacy of each parameter.Area under the curve(AUC)was compared by DeLong test.Results DFROC,μFROC,DCTRW and αCTRW showed significant differences between benign and malignant,BL and LS,BL and MLS and LS and MLS,with αCTRW showed the highest diagnostic efficacy;βFROC showed differences between BL and LS,BL and MLS,whileβCTRW did not show differences between benign and malignant groups,and among subgroups.Conclusion FROC and CTRW diffusion models based on RESOLVE can distinguish between benign and malignant head and neck lesions with multiple parameters,and provide metrics reflecting tissue heterogeneity.

Aim To investigate the effects of Agrimonia pilosa(AP)on the proliferation and apoptosis of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)H1299 cells using non-targeted metabolomics and other methods,and to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms.Meth-ods Taking H1299 cells as the research object,the effect of AP on cell proliferation and apoptosis was de-tected through CCK-8 method,colony formation,LDH,Hoechst 33258 staining,AO/EB staining,flow cytometry detection,RT qPCR and other experiments.The main differential metabolites were detected by the metabolomics method of ultra-high phase liquid chro-matography and mass spectrometry(UHPLC-Q-Orbi-trap MS),and related metabolic pathways were ana-lyzed.Results Compared with the control group,AP treatment was able to significantly inhibit the prolifera-tion and colony formation of H1299 cells,while the re-lease of LDH increased in a dose-dependent manner.Fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry and RT-qPCR analysis revealed that H1299 cells underwent crumpling and increased nuclear fragmentation after AP administration,blocked in G0/G1 phase,up-regulated apoptotic genes caspase-3 and Bax,and down-regulated apoptosis-inducing effects of Bcl-2.Metabolomics anal-ysis screened 35 differential metabolites,which were PC(O-30∶1),D-Glutamic acid,PE(18∶0/15∶0),etc.The main metabolic pathways involved includ-ed amino acid metabolism,glycerophospholipid metabo-lism and purine metabolism so on.Conclusions AP may exert its pharmacological effects by interfering with multiple metabolic pathways in H1299 cells,inhibiting cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis.

Aim To investigate the effects of Agrimonia pilosa(AP)on the proliferation and apoptosis of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)H1299 cells using non-targeted metabolomics and other methods,and to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms.Meth-ods Taking H1299 cells as the research object,the effect of AP on cell proliferation and apoptosis was de-tected through CCK-8 method,colony formation,LDH,Hoechst 33258 staining,AO/EB staining,flow cytometry detection,RT qPCR and other experiments.The main differential metabolites were detected by the metabolomics method of ultra-high phase liquid chro-matography and mass spectrometry(UHPLC-Q-Orbi-trap MS),and related metabolic pathways were ana-lyzed.Results Compared with the control group,AP treatment was able to significantly inhibit the prolifera-tion and colony formation of H1299 cells,while the re-lease of LDH increased in a dose-dependent manner.Fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry and RT-qPCR analysis revealed that H1299 cells underwent crumpling and increased nuclear fragmentation after AP administration,blocked in G0/G1 phase,up-regulated apoptotic genes caspase-3 and Bax,and down-regulated apoptosis-inducing effects of Bcl-2.Metabolomics anal-ysis screened 35 differential metabolites,which were PC(O-30∶1),D-Glutamic acid,PE(18∶0/15∶0),etc.The main metabolic pathways involved includ-ed amino acid metabolism,glycerophospholipid metabo-lism and purine metabolism so on.Conclusions AP may exert its pharmacological effects by interfering with multiple metabolic pathways in H1299 cells,inhibiting cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis.

Objective:To analyze intestinal microecological differences and their correlation with psychological status in patients with constipated irritable bowel syndrome(IBS-C)and functional constipation(FC).Methods:A total of 160 patients with IBS-C and FC attending the outpatient and inpatient departments of the Department of Gastroenterology at the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University from January 2021 to January 2024 were selected and grouped according to the type of disease into the IBS-C group(80 patients)and the FC group(80 patients),and 80 patients who had a health checkup during the same period were selected as the control group.Fresh fecal specimens were taken from all subjects,and 16S rRNA sequencing was used to detect the intestinal flora,and the indices of intestinal microecological diversity(Ace index,Chao index,Shannon index,and Sobs index)were detected,and the psychological state of the subjects was assessed by using the Self-Assessment Scale for Anxiety(SAS)and the Self-Depression Scale(SDS).Pearson's correlation method was used to analyze the correlation between intestinal microecology and correlation with psychological state in IBS-C and FC patients.Result:Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus levels were lower in both the FC and IBS-C groups compared with the control group,and the decrease was more pronounced in the IBS-C group(P＜0.05).Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococci contents were higher in patients in the FC and IBS-C groups(P＜0.05),with the greatest increase in the IBS-C group(P＜0.05);Microbial diversity analysis showed that there were differences in Ace,Chao,Shannon and Sobs indices among the three groups(P＜0.05).All diversity indices were lower in the FC and IBS-C groups than in the control group,and the degree of reduction was more pronounced in the IBS-C group than in the FC group(P＜0.05);The SAS and SDS scores of both FC and IBS-C groups were higher than those of the control group,and the scores of the IBS-C group were higher than those of the FC group(P＜0.05);correlation analysis showed that,in the IBS-C and FC groups,Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus,Ace index,Chao index,Shannon index,and Sobs index were negatively correlated with SAS and SDS scores.Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococci were positively correlated with SAS and SDS scores(P＜0.05).Conclusion:There are possible differences in the gut microbiota between IBS-C and FC patients.The imbalance of gut microbiota is more significant in IBS-C patients,and gut microbiota is closely related to psychological status.Clinical treatment of IBS-C and FC should pay attention to the regulation of gut microbiota and intervention of psychological status.