Medical device related infections caused by bacteria are common complications in clinical practice,and preventing bacterial colonization on the surface of medical materials is one of the important challenges in the medical field.Therefore,there is an urgent need to construct medical coatings that combine antibacterial properties and biocompatibility.In this study,a γ-polyglutamic acid(γ-PGA)complex with long-chain alkyl quaternary ammonium salts formed by electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions was prepared,which was insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents(e.g.,ethanol),and was capable of constructing antimicrobial coatings on the surfaces of medical materials in a simple and efficient manner.The bactericidal effect of the coating was verified using viable bacteria counting experiments,and the results showed that the bactericidal rate of the coated thermoplastic polyurethane(TPU)membrane against Staphylococcus aureus was greater than 99.9%compared with that of the uncoated TPU membrane.In addition,a cytotoxicity assay was performed using the L929 fibroblast and cell proliferation detection kit(CCK-8),which showed that the survival rate of L929 fibroblasts on coated TPU was greater than 90%.Meanwhile,the hemolysis rate of coated erythrocytes was tested using fresh rabbit red blood cells(RBCs),and the hemolysis rate on the coated TPU surface was 1.5%.The above results indicated that the coating had good biocompatibility.The preparation method of medical antibacterial coating reported in this study provided a new idea for preventing bacterial infections related to implantable/interventional medical devices.

Chronic kidney disease(CKD)is a chronic disease characterized by renal structural damage and dysfunction.At present,there is still a lack of effective therapeutic drugs and prevention and treatment methods for CKD in clinical practice.More and more studies have shown that necroptosis,as a new type of programmed cell death,plays a vital role in the onset and progression of CKD.Targeting key molecules in the necroptosis pathway,such as RIPK1,RIPK3 and MLKL,the development of small molecule inhibitors has become an emerging strategy for the treatment of CKD,and has shown significant potential to pro-tect the kidneys and alleviate renal fibrosis in a variety of in vitro and in vivo models.Therefore,this article summarizes the re-search progress of the mechanism of necroptosis in recent years,and focuses on the potential role of necroptosis in the pathogene-sis of CKD and the therapeutic potential of targeting this path-way,providing a new perspective and research direction for the prevention and treatment of CKD in the future.

Chronic kidney disease(CKD)is a chronic disease characterized by renal structural damage and dysfunction.At present,there is still a lack of effective therapeutic drugs and prevention and treatment methods for CKD in clinical practice.More and more studies have shown that necroptosis,as a new type of programmed cell death,plays a vital role in the onset and progression of CKD.Targeting key molecules in the necroptosis pathway,such as RIPK1,RIPK3 and MLKL,the development of small molecule inhibitors has become an emerging strategy for the treatment of CKD,and has shown significant potential to pro-tect the kidneys and alleviate renal fibrosis in a variety of in vitro and in vivo models.Therefore,this article summarizes the re-search progress of the mechanism of necroptosis in recent years,and focuses on the potential role of necroptosis in the pathogene-sis of CKD and the therapeutic potential of targeting this path-way,providing a new perspective and research direction for the prevention and treatment of CKD in the future.

The dental operative microscope has been widely employed in the field of dentistry, particularly in endodontics and operative dentistry, resulting in significant advancements in the effectiveness of root canal therapy, endodontic surgery, and dental restoration. However, the improper use of this microscope continues to be common in clinical settings, primarily due to operators' insufficient understanding and proficiency in both the features and established operating procedures of this equipment. In October 2019, Professor Jingping Liang, Vice Chairman of the Society of Cariology and Endodontology, Chinese Stomatological Association, organized a consensus meeting with Chinese experts in endodontics and operative dentistry. The objective of this meeting was to establish a standard operation procedure for the dental operative microscope. Subsequently, a consensus was reached and officially issued. Over the span of about four years, the content of this consensus has been further developed and improved through practical experience.
Humans ; Dentistry, Operative ; Consensus ; Endodontics ; Root Canal Therapy ; Dental Care

In this study, a rat morphine drug discrimination model with a fixed ratio (FR) of 10 (FR10) was established using different methods to explore which methods can shorten the modeling time and test the dose-response relationship and median effective dose (ED₅₀) value. Animal welfare and experimental procedures are in accordance with the provision of the Animal Ethics Committee of Shanghai InnoStar Bio-tech Co., Ltd. Forty rats were initially shaped to press lever under a fixed-ratio schedule of food reinforcement. The animals that were successfully trained under a FR10 schedule of food reinforcement were divided into two groups, namely the single-lever + double-lever training group 1 and the double-lever training group 2. In each group, rats were trained to discriminate morphine at 5.6 mg·kg^-1 from saline by the intraperitoneal route. After training, different doses of morphine were used to substitute for training dose of morphine, the dose-response curve for morphine were identified in rats, and the ED₅₀ value was calculated. The results showed that, in food training phase: 34 rats successfully entered the discrimination training during food training; in discrimination training phase: 14 animals in group 1 met the discrimination training standard for the first time, which took about (40.71 ± 2.93) days, and there were 13 animals in group 2 that met the discrimination training criteria for the first time, and it took about (51.15 ± 2.55) days. It can be seen that the method of single-lever + double-lever training is better than single-lever training, and the difference is significant compared with group 1 (P ˂ 0.05); in generalization test phase: there are 17 rats completed morphine generalization test, and the percentages of morphine-lever responses produced by the generalization test of different doses of morphine (0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 3, 5.6, and 10 mg·kg^-1) were (9.56 ± 3.13) %, (9.01 ± 5.83) %, (13.82 ± 7.95) %, (29.04 ± 10.13) %, (41.70 ± 10.65) %, (85.36 ± 7.16) %, (94.56 ± 2.76) %, respectively. The results showed that the discriminative stimulative effect induced by morphine dose between 0-10 mg·kg^-1 increased in a dose-dependent manner, producing a good dose-response curve, and the ED₅₀ value of morphine was 4.74 mg·kg^-1 by linear fitting. The above results showed that, the FR10 morphine drug discrimination model has been successfully established using different methods; the single-lever + double-lever training method is better than the single-lever training, and can relatively shorten the discrimination training cycle.

BACKGROUND: Catheter ablation is effective in restoring sinus rhythm and left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) is increasingly used for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). We aimed to observe the feasibility and safety of performing AF ablation and LAAC in a single (one-stop) procedure. METHODS: Consecutive AF patients who underwent the combined procedure of AF ablation and LAAC with WATCHMAN device between March 2017 and September 2018 were prospectively enrolled. Baseline and intra-procedural parameters were evaluated. Three-month and subsequent 1-year follow-up were performed in all and earlier-enrolled subjects, respectively. RESULTS: A total of 178 AF patients (94 males, 68.9 ± 8.1 years) underwent the one-stop procedure with CHA2DS2-VASc score 3.3 ± 1.5 and HAS-BLED score 1.6 ± 1.0, respectively. Pulmonary vein isolation was achieved in all patients while additional linear ablation was applied if the operator deemed necessary, yielding immediate ablation success rate of 98.9% (176/178). In the subsequent LAAC, satisfactory seal (residual leak <5 mm) was achieved in all patients. One stroke and four cardiac perforations occurred peri-operatively. At 3-month follow-up, sinus rhythm and satisfactory seal were maintained in 153/178 (86.0%) and 178/178 (100%) patients, respectively. One stroke and one delayed cardiac tamponade occurred, while no device-related thrombus or device migration was observed. During the 1-year follow-up for the earlier enrolled subjects, 52/72 (72.2%) of the patients maintained sinus rhythm. There was no stroke or systemic embolism observed. CONCLUSION Combining catheter ablation and LAAC in a single procedure can be successfully and safely performed in non-valvular AF patients of Chinese population.

The solid wastes of Chinese materia dedica industrialization represented by Salvia miltiorrhiza residues have a strong small-molecule bio-recalcitrance in the process of high-value utilization of biotransformation. Highly tolerant strains were bred to break bio-recalcitrance of Salvia miltiorrhiza residues and produce high-value added cellulose, which has a significant significance for recycling and industrial utilization of solid waste. In this study, a strain of fungus, Penicillium expansum SZ13, was found with small-molecule antibacterial substance tanshinone contained in Salvia miltiorrhiza residues by a biological method. The optimal enzyme production process and peak period of SZ13 were determined. It was found that SZ13 could maintain peak enzyme production for 5 days by degrading residues under the conditions of temperature 35 ℃, rotation speed 180 r·min~(-1), 5% of residues addition, and 5% seed solution addition. Meanwhile, the ability of SZ13 to degrade the enzyme production of multiple types of residues was explored. The results showed a high enzyme activity and stable enzyme production of SZ13 in the process of degrading residues. SZ13 could efficiently utilize various types of Chinese medicine residues, such as Salvia miltiorrhiza residues, to realize the high-value utilization of cellulose in multiple types of residues.
Cellulase/biosynthesis* ; China ; Drug Industry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Fermentation ; Materia Medica ; Penicillium/metabolism* ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; Solid Waste

The chemical constituents of Viburnum taitoense Hayata were investigated using column chromatography silica gel and Sephadex LH-20, etc. Seven pentacyclic triterpenoids were isolated and their structures were elucidated by spectral data and physicochemical properties as 3β,6β-dihydroxy olean-11,13(18)-dien-28-acid (1), 3β-hydroxy olean-11,13(18)-diene-28-acid (2), 12-ene-olean-28-acid-3β-palmitate (3), 3β-acetylcocodiol (4), corosolic acid (5), uvaol (6) and ursolic acid (7). Among them, compound 1 is a new oleanane type triterpenoid and its absolute configuration was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. Compounds 2-5 were isolated from this genus for the first time. All the compounds were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activities in vitro, and compound 5 showed significant inhibitory activity against nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 macrophage cells with an IC₅₀ of 25.52 ± 0.56 μmol·L^-1 when compared to the positive control, quercetin (IC₅₀ of 25.46 ± 0.62 μmol·L^-1).

Objective: To explore the molecular mechanisms of 14-3-3ζ in gemcitabine resistance in extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKTL) . Methods: The effects of cell proliferation and invasion were detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and transwell assay. YTS cells were exposed to gradually increased concentrations of gemcitabine to establish gemcitabine-resistant YTS cells (YTS-gem) in vitro. 14-3-3ζ specific siRNA lentiviral vector was transfected into YTS and YTS-gem cells to downregulate 14-3-3ζ expression, and stable transfected cell clones were screened. The protein expression was determined by Western blot. Results: ①14-3-3ζ expression was significantly up-regulated in gemcitabine resistant YTS-gem cells, comparing with that of YTS cells (P<0.05) . ②The results of CCK-8 and transwell assay showed that downregulation of 14-3-3ζ significantly reduced the cell proliferation and invasion abilities (P<0.05) . ③Downregulation of 14-3-3ζ could restore gemcitabine sensitivity in gemcitabine resistant YTS-gem cells (P<0.05) . ④Western blotting results showed that knockdown of 14-3-3ζ significantly upregulated pro-apoptotic Bax, and downregulated anti-apoptotic Bcl-2, Caspase-3, cleaved caspase-3, Cyclin D1 in gemcitabine-resistant YTS-gem cells (P<0.05) . There was no significant difference in p53 ang P-gp expression levels. Conclusions: 14-3-3ζ was upregulated in gemcitabine resistant YTS cells. Overexpression of 14-3-3ζ promoted cell proliferation and enhanced cell migration. 14-3-3ζ contributed to gemcitabine resistance to ENKTL through anti-apoptosis.
14-3-3 Proteins/metabolism* ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Deoxycytidine/therapeutic use* ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Humans ; Lymphoma, Extranodal NK-T-Cell/drug therapy* ; Gemcitabine

The present study aimed to improve the processing of data acquired from laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) to provide a standardization method to explore changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and to determine the correlations among rCBF, cerebral ischemic lesion volume and microvascular density over time in a focal ischemic region. C57BL/6J mice were subjected to focal photothrombotic (PT) ischemia. rCBF was measured using LSCI at different time points before and after PT ischemia through an intact skull. Standardized rCBF (SrCBF), defined as the ratio of rCBF measured in the ipsilateral region of interest (ROI) to that in the corresponding contralateral region, was calculated to evaluate potential changes. In addition, the volume of the ischemic lesion and the microvascular density were determined using Nissl staining and immunofluorescence, respectively. The relationships among the ischemic lesion volume, microvascular density and SrCBF were analyzed over time. The results showed that the cortical rCBF measured using LSCI following PT ischemia in the C57BL/6J mice gradually increased. Changes in the cerebral ischemic lesion volume were negatively correlated with SrCBF in the ischemic region. Changes in the microvascular density were similar to those observed in SrCBF. Our findings indicate that LSCI is a practical technique for observing changes in murine cortical rCBF without skull opening and for analyzing the relationships among the ischemic lesion volume, microvascular density and SrCBF following focal cerebral ischemia. Preliminary results also suggest that the use of LSCI to observe the formation of collateral circulation is feasible.
Animals ; Brain Ischemia ; diagnostic imaging ; etiology ; Cerebrovascular Circulation ; Diagnostic Imaging ; methods ; Intracranial Thrombosis ; diagnostic imaging ; etiology ; Laser-Doppler Flowmetry ; methods ; Light ; adverse effects ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL